Moscow trolleybuses umlando umzila

Namuhla, abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi eMoscow trolley amabhasi bekusolo. Emigwaqweni emikhulu, inhloko-dolobha ababekuso 1933. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics eMoscow iba idolobha lokuqala lapho imoto wagijima engavamile okusezingeni eliphezulu 'esinezimpondo "(izimpondo-ezikhumulweni) exhunywe kwi-izintambo. Imizila zazihlukile.

Ukuxhumana

Iminyaka yadlula, futhi trackless mechanical ezokuthutha "okunethezeka" contact-hlobo amandla isibe indlela ajwayelekile yezokuthutha. Wamabhasi kudala kungabonwa hhayi kuphela emkhakheni wegolide-oluyingungu, kodwa nakwezinye imizi Russia, amazwe ayengaphansi kweSoviet. Nokho, sebhasi imizila laseMoscow (ka 104) kukhona umlando abacebe mhlawumbe. In isihloko elincane kulandzisa lokulula umnyuziki wakhe onzima.

Kodwa izinto ezizokwehlela eMoscow trolley ibhasi (umlando umzila kuchaziwe ngezansi)? Kuthiwa ngo-2020 ngenxa nokwenza okusheshayo inethiwekhi, lolu hlobo ezokuthutha zizolahlwa. Ama-Blogger futhi ngo-2015 wabhala mayelana yokukhansela kungenzeka noma kokunciphisa imizila 25, ukuqaqa olungaphelele emigqeni contact. Ubude ingqikithi sebhasi "izindikimba" eMoscow kuyinto 600 km.

Oholela Diaries Inthanethi libonise Sibona isiphetho № 4, 7, 33, 49, 52, 84, esebenzela South-West District eMoscow. kunqunywa Iningi abameleli ubuzalwane virtual ukwethuka ngomfutho: Ngokombono wabo, imboni sifa.

Wasungula umjikelezo omubi. MUP "Mosgortrans" kuchaza ukuthi inqola wonke amakhilomitha, okuyinto ayifuna ngabomvu entulekayo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isimo ibhizinisi ebumbeneko empeleni ayeke ekubuyekezeni isitokwe kweqa (naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uhlelo yentuthuko ezokuthutha e Moscow, owawuthi "Bani ezibulala ngomsebenzi ezitaladini eMoscow" kukhona ekukhuleni, engakaze kukhanselwe). Ingabe eMoscow trolley amabhasi (bheka isithombe. Esihlokweni) ngokushesha uzonyamalala?

Ukuze kujabule izakhamuzi

Uyoqeda "nesixhumo sezindluzele", ngokwethukela lwaludlula ngebhasi, noma kumane kuyindaba eqanjiwe, ukuqagela ngeke senze njalo. Kodwa izakhamizi Maroseyka, Pokrovka, Bolshaya Ordynka Pyatnitskaya kakade "hhayi contact". imigqa ukuliqaqa aphethwe. I "Mosgortransa" ubuholi lutho olungalungile ukuthi ungaboni, baqinisekisa ukuthi inqola namanje ithatha injongo yaso ezinzile, inkampani ngeke kancane kancane ukuthuthukisa.

Ngempela, uhlelo inhlokodolobha sika nokwakha kabusha "My Street" has a iphuzu mayelana Ukudilizwa imigqa. Nokho, esikhundleni trolley amabhasi, ngokusho kongoti - kuphela into yesikhashana. Hhayi-ke, ake sixoxe indlela eMoscow trolleybuses, omlando wakhe kuhlanganisa izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo, waqala igagasi dolobha.

1933. Eyokuqala umugqa, Borderland

Indlela ukuya 1930 eMoscow trolley amabhasi (imizila ngoba izikhathi sezishintshile)? inombolo wamabhasi lalinye waya ibanga elide ngosuku lweshumi nanhlanu Novemba 1933 (ekuqaleni okuhleliwe ukwenza ngisemncane kakhulu, ngo-1924, kodwa akazange asebenze). Line (kwathiwa aboshelwe Okthoba 1933) ewela i-Leningrad onguthelawayeka, esukela Tverskaya Zastava ukuze Pokrovsky Streshnova.

Road yezokuthutha nge pantographs (uphondo-ezikhumulweni), njengoba kwakuhleliwe, ezindaweni suburban abathintekayo (maphakathi eMoscow, violin okokuqala kwaba tram). Arena kuyinto "Dynamo" kwaba dvuputnaya umugqa, lonke ngendlela odnoputkoy ngayo. Moscow trolleybuses kwadingeka ukuba anqobe izwe. Benze.

Nokho, ngosuku lokuqala umzila saba ukuze uthole zifiki ezimbili, kodwa yinye kuphela. giant Okwesibili ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthola kusukela embonini kulindeleke ukuba "ukusebenza ukulimala": wawa ngokusebenzisa phansi kunalokho ebuthakathaka igalaji entsha futhi ezilimele. Kodwa konke siphinde sibe nokuphila okuvamile. ukunyakaza isheduli lalithé: kusuka 7,00 kuya 24,00.

1934. isandiso

Moscow trolleybuses baba kuthandwa. Njengoba sekuzoqala 1934 yomugqa ukhokho kakade ayesuka okusha ungena Arch (Tverskaya Zastava) ngqo isikhungo, esikweleni, kuze kube ngo-1918 wabizwa ngokuthi Uvuko (manje - Revolution). '34 yaphela ngokuvula line II. Waya kusukela endaweni Arbat Amasango ukuze Smolensk (Arbat), futhi ize ifike esangweni Dorogomilov.

inombolo umzila sebhasi 2 laqala ukusebenza ekupheleni konyaka (12.10.1934 g). Movement waqala kusukela Dragomilovskoy eliqaphile. Ukushiya ngesikhathi Revolution Square ku Omkhulu Dragomilovskoy, "Izinkomo" amaloli waya Arbat. Khona - kwi Comintern, a yokugcina esithi "Ryad". Ngesikhathi kokubili inqola othelawayeka ekhona wahamba izimoto amathathu nesithupha.

1935. Isigaba sesithathu

I ingxenye eyodwa sebhasi "sewebhu" waba "nokwelukiweyo" abantu ekwindla ka-1935. Wagijima ngokusebenzisa enkabeni yedolobha. Ngenxa wakhe, ungaya ku-Petrovka, kunombolo Umqeqeshi ku Sukharevskaya Square, basuka lapho baqhubekela Prospect Mira (ke 1st umFilisti emgwaqweni) wendiza Rzhev (Sekuyisikhathi eside esiteshini wayewazi bonke njengoba Riga). Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ngempela muva cruised inqola eyodwa kuphela, futhi ekupheleni '35 Muscovites wakhonza imishini 57 LK!

"Lazar Kaganovich" - sishilo YaseMoscow sebhasi imizila yokuqala. Uhlu nemizila kanye nezici zabo enemininingwane kwakuyothatha angaphezu kwelilodwa page kwendaba.

1936 Sibona wahlangana asebenzayo "kuhlasela" ujantshi yakhe imbangi - tram. I komzila isuswa engxenyeni esenyakatho Garden Ring. Esikhundleni "gromyhalschika" bavunyelwe bushelelezi "bug" (umugqa "B" - kusuka Kudrinskaya Square kuya eKursk sesitimela).

Esikhathini inqola 37 isivele iyasebenza "wakhula imizila izimpande ', kusukela Garden Ring futhi uyaqhubeka Kalyaevskoy futhi Novoslobodskaya emgwaqweni, Kuznetsky Ibhuloho ... ensimini High umshini brand YATB 1 Muscovites sivunyiwe. Ayewathanda ngokukhethekile nomholi waseSoviet uNikita Khrushchev.

Ababili phansi, kodwa hhayi endlini!

Ngo-1938, i-trolley fast and elula baba amaziyo kuhle bonke labo abafisa uvakashele Ikota yangaphambili Abadobi wezinzalamizi '- Berezhkovskaya, uphawu ezinhle Vorobyovy Hills, waqonda Okthoba (yangaphambili Kaluga) Square ... Kusukela "Sokol" metro station kuyi-Leningrad onguthelawayeka abantu ifinyelele River North esiteshini, e Izmailovo, kusukela endaweni YaseCrimea esiyingini Garden futhi Mytnaya emgwaqweni - kuya Danilovsky emakethe.

Moskvovskie Sibona ihlanganisa imizila eziyishumi. umzila babekwa kwisayithi ye adiliza tram amathrekhi. Kakade 1937-1939 biennium. ku Leningradsky Prospekt waya indaba-2 YATB-3 handsome ngokuqinile British inqola. Ukuqala phezulu "Shono lanky" nayo kwadingeka ukuthi siphakamise inethiwekhi imitha elilodwa (4.8 kuya 5.8 m). Esikhathini lama-39 Umhlaba inqola ehamba (ithemba) ukuze VSHV (selhozvystavka). Ngo-1953, ngenxa ngokuphazamisa ukusetshenziswa swingers waphunyuka ngalobo busuku.

Sukuma kusihlwa sebhasi inkathi

Ngaphambi ekuqaleni kweMpi Enkulu Patriotic ka 1941-1945, kwakukhona 583 nengu-11 nemizila ibhasi yenqola eMoscow. 1 Januwari 1952 inhlokodolobha uye eqhosha ethi 786 trolleybuses futhi ukwandisa inani izindawo lapho ababekuzo.

Ngo-1950, ngenkuthalo ezikhula omakhelwane yokuhlala emaphethelweni enhloko-dolobha. Kube imizila Sibona egandayiwe (ikakhulukazi, ukuba Isiliva Bora). Nomaphi wathumela kusuka eMoscow noma izimenywa yenhloko-dolobha - e Izmailovo ku Volkhonka, Warsaw onguthelawayeka, Luzhniki Stadium, ngisho ezindaweni eziningi, bafika kosizo smart inqola.

Isikhathi sihamba ngokushesha. Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 Sekudlule kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-1954, livula umugqa omusha phezu ring VSHV. Ekupheleni kuka-1960, ubude ingqikithi amathrekhi tram safinyelela 540 amakhilomitha, lohlanganisiwe imizila 36.

Ngo 1964-68. South-West endaweni yokuhlala cruised "inkositini" - sebhasi okushiwo. Nokho, ngo-1975 ekugcineni asuswe umgibeli. Ngo-1964 eMoscow kukhona trolleybuses e 1811. Ngu 1972 th inethiwekhi ifinyelele 1253 km, futhi ubelokhu eqashelwa njengoba isikhathi eside (ubude) yembulunga.

izakhiwo Ngo 1970-1980 imizila th ziye ziboshwe (Novogireevo, Ivanovskoe, Nut-Borisov et al.). Ngo-August 1993, eMoscow kwethulwa i-WinSock (imigwaqo esingalayishwanga ngakho nokuphepha kwabo). Ingxenye umugqa yavalwa. Ngemva kwalokho, ukwehliswa baqhubeka.