Shine noshukela umbala (esesithombeni). Ukukhiqizwa nokuhlaziya izinga ushukela

Izwe elisizungezile isibe ajwayeleke kakhulu kangangokuthi ngokuvamile esingasoze angaluboni lezo zinto kancane ezakha ezimpilweni zethu. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ufuna ukuphuza itiye noma ikhofi, singathatha ngesibindi ushukela ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka. Kodwa uyini lento? Yini umbala ushukela? Akathi lukhanye na? Phela, emashalofini esitolo ezihlukahlukene ezifana imikhiqizo. Okuningi kuxhomeke uhlobo lomkhiqizo. Uma sikhuluma umbala crystal ushukela, kuba mhlophe, futhi uma umoba, ezahlukeneyo zingase zihluke.

ukudla Okubalulekile

Kunezinhlobo eziningana sucrose, okuyinto ekhaya wabiza ushukela. It has eliphezulu a umsoco, njengoba kuba kalula carbohydrate digestible. Uma emzimbeni, it is bahlukana baba izingxenye ezimbili (fructose kanye glucose), futhi ngokushesha lingena ukusakaza igazi. Ngalesi indoda iyakwazi ukuphila kanye glucose - umthombo ngaphezu kwesigamu wonke amandla edingwa umzimba usuku. Kodwa lokuhlushwa yayo kumele singeqi kuyinsakavukela khona, ngoba kungaholela izinhlungu zokugula okungathí sina. Glucose has nomphumela ophambene ngoba ubuthi noma izifo ezithile isibindi. It has a nethonya elihle emzimbeni, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi injected ngqo emthanjeni wesilwane. Emazweni amaningi, ushukela ingxenye eyinhloko ukulungiswa imikhiqizo embonini confectionery. Ngokwesibonelo, caramel, meringues futhi dragees 80-95% aqukethe lo Sweetener, ushokoledi kanye candies - 50%, ufulawa - by 30-40%. umbala ushukela kungaba ezahlukene, incike kulokho impahla senziwa futhi ukuthi amakhorali eyengeziwe zenzeka.

Umlando yokutholakala

India lapho kwazalelwa khona ushukela ayithandayo. Igama ngokwalo elisuka Indian lasendulo, kodwa ngiyitholile evela nesiGreki yahunyushelwa esiNgisini isiRashiya. Amaphayona European kwalo mkhiqizo babe amaRoma. Bathenga ke ekhaya eyenziwa emakhaya. Elingumlawuli yokuhweba ezifana wenziwa eGibhithe, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba nsi koMbuso WamaRoma. Lo mkhiqizo ekhiqizwa kusuka umoba. Okokuqala okukhishwe ijusi, bese, in the imithi oyinikiwe, kwakukhona okuyigugu amnandi. Umbala ushukela, okuyinto etholwe, kwaba nsundu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaRoma eqala ukukhuluphala omoba eningizimu yeSpain futhi Sicily, kodwa lapho kuwa umbuso wabo wonke umkhiqizo sanqamuka. Ushukela Russian bavela okokuqala XI-XII eminyaka. Kodwa wayazi ukunambitheka akhethiwe kuphela, okungukuthi, isikhulu kanye nabasizi bakhe. Peter nganquma ukuthi ngangidinga okwenza umkhiqizo kuleli zwe wavula "Indlu ushukela" lokuqala ekhulwini XVIII. Kodwa kwakungelula ngakho. Phela, impahla eluhlaza waphupha ukuba amazwe kusuka emazweni aphesheya. Ngo 1809, waba intuthuko kule ndawo, njengoba kwatholakala ukuthi ushukela kungenziwa ekhishwe impande izitshalo zendawo - beet. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lo mkhiqizo akezi nge ithebula bonke abakhileyo e-Russia, kanye nenani ukusetshenziswa kuphela okwandisa njalo ngonyaka.

ushukela onsundu

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lolu hlobo amaswidi enziwe kusukela kamoba. Zinhlayiya embozwe Molasses (Molasses), futhi lokhu ngenxa umbala kanye nephunga ushukela. Ubuchwepheshe kahle elula (isiraphu senziwa, bese it is abilisiwe), kodwa namanje it has imininingwane yayo siqu. Zama-brown sugar impela eningi. Ahluke inani Molasses elikhona zinhlayiya. Ngokuvamile ngenxa shades ezithile lolu hlobo ibizwa ngokuthi "ikhofi" noma "itiye". Abakhiqizi kuthiwa Positioning lo mkhiqizo njengesenzo sokunethezeka kanye eco-friendly, okwandisa intengo yayo. Kodwa izazi zokudla baxwayisa ngokuthi ngenxa yokuthi ushukela sihlanza ngezithako zawo zingase zihlanganise ukungcola engadingeki nokuqukethwe caloric komkhiqizo kungekho aphansi kunokujwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, wayefisa umbala ushukela ibangelwa amakhorali of carbonic acid, noma i-sulphur dioxide.

Ukwakha kusukela beetroot

Iphayona kule ndawo ubhekwa Andreas Margraf, eyakhipha umsebenzi wakhe 1747. It ibonisa ukuthi kukhona okungalunga yokukhipha ushukela beetroot impande kwezitshalo. Wabuye ichaza ukuthi le nqubo, okuyinto wehlele izinsuku zethu. umfundi wakhe Achard wazama ukwakha isitshalo ukwenziwa amaswidi, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Kuphela 1806 ticondziso uNapoleon, inqubo ukukhiqizwa sele zifakiwe. Wayekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzomsiza eFrance ukuzimela xaxa futhi akuncikile ukungeniswa angaphandle.

Lesi sitshalo lokuqala ukwenziwa lokhu impahla eluhlaza eRussia lakhiwa 1806, kodwa umkhiqizo okuholela wayesifanele kuphela ziphuzo zazihluzwa ku utshwala. Ngo-1897 ezweni lonke wasebenza kakade 236 izimboni, okuyinto ndawonye yakhiwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-45 kashukela ngonyaka. Ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo we-beetroot simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: esebenzisa okusheshayo ekhishwe isiraphu impande, uphasiswe kuzihlungi ekwehlukaniseni uginindela ketshezi osuke usushisa kakade ukuba degrees 60, lapho amanzi uhlukanisa ngokweqile. Khona ijusi ukuhlanzwa ngomcako kanye carbonic acid. I CONCENTRATE okuholela ayahwamuka kuze zinhlayiya tsedyat futhi ibekwe endaweni Centrifuge, ohlukanisa umkhiqizo wayefisa Molasses. Indaba etholwe asha futhi uzilungiselele ne lokuhlala ehlukene ushukela sucrose.

Yini loko lobhala sugar beet kungenzeka ukudayiswa? Iyiphi impendulo enembile - omhlophe, kungenzeka kuphela tint kancane aphuzi.

izakhiwo organoleptic

Organoleptic - indlela ukuthi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba anqume izinga umkhiqizo izinzwa, okungukuthi emehlweni, ukuzwa, ukunambitheka, amaphunga bese uthinta. Ngokuvamile ku ushukela Russian enziwa ngendlela isihlabathi. Ongoti, ngaphambi kokuvumela ukuthengiswa umkhiqizo ekhiqizwa, hlola umbala ushukela, noma has a akhanye, lokho kunambitheka efana. Kungakuhle aqukethe usayizi ezifanayo futhi ukuma zinhlayiya ukuthi baye bazwakalisa ubuso bukhanye. I iphunga nokunambitheka njengoba ndaba ezomile futhi isixazululo kwalo kwenza ukuba ibe amnandi, ngaphandle amanyela. Chaza emanzini, kumele kube ngokugcwele futhi umbala amanzi aliguquki. Umbala ushukela - omhlophe, ukukhanya umthunzi ophuzi kungenzeka. impahla okugunyaziwe - fluidity ngaphandle kokuthola izigaxa.

yinhlama ushukela

Ushukela-Boy ngokuthi ushukela eminye elicwengekile ngesimo izingcezu. Wenziwe kusukela echazwe ngaphambilini ushukela granulated. Amandla ayo zifana kakhulu property "isihlobo" zalo. Khiqiza umkhiqizo nge omunye uhlanzekile kumbuthano futhi recrystallization. Lokhu kukuvumela ukwenza kube kanzulu nakakhulu. Ngemva ke ithunyelwa cindezela, akha imigoqo okuqinile, uhlukanise zibe izicucu. Umbala futhi elicwebezela ngokukhethekile ushukela kulokhu okufanele kubomhlophe ephethe tinge bluish kungenzeka, ngaphandle ukungcola, kodwa ezinye izindinganiso ezithile akuyona lapha. Zokunambitha nokuhogela kufanele futhi kube khulula of ukungcola, nje amnandi.

Maple ushukela

Ngaphandle izinhlobo owaziwa, zikhona eziningana ukuthi nazo emakethe. Omunye wabo maple ushukela. ukukhiqizwa yayo kuqalile ngekhulu XVII empumalanga yeCanada. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ngaye yilona umpe maple ushukela. Ngo-February no-March lokhu zemithi kuthiwa yamba ukwenziwa uketshezi, iqala ukuba aphume emgodini. Ubunjwe kuze kufinyelele ku-3% ushukela. inqubo yokusakaza uyaqhubeka amasonto ambalwa, okuyinto ikuvumela ukwakha imali kahle esikhulu juice edingekayo. Yena iphathwa, okungukuthi ukuhwamuka, kanjalo ukuthola "Maple isiraphu", futhi kakade kuwo kukhishwe umkhiqizo wokugcina. Omunye umuthi ngonyaka kungaletha amakhilogremu 3 kuya ku-6 ushukela.

Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu balapha lidlule salokhu Sweetener, akhohlwe ongakhetha kwezilwandle. Lapho ngakho ngoba izikhathi eziningana imnandi kunokujwayelekile. Uma sikhuluma umbala ushukela kumele kube, bese singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ensundu, Maple isiraphu ngoba linezincazelo ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu Sweetener iyasiza, ngoba abacebile amavithamini B

jaggery

Eningizimu eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ukukhiqiza olunye uhlobo ushukela - entendeni noma yagre. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukulingana izinhlobo ezahlukene wamaSundu. Young izihlahla ihleza izimbali nisike, kusukela yiwo ogelezela ijusi elimnandi. Ngokuvamile zokukhiqiza ezifana ikhethwa kwesihlahla sikakhukhunathi, kodwa futhi isivuno esihle ingalandwa kusukela Arengo noma wamaSundu. Ngonyaka nomunye isitshalo akhiphe 250 kg juice, emakamu sucrose ephumelelisa 20%. Uma abasebenzi bayakwazi lokunakekela kahle umuthi wakho, ungayisebenzisa iminyaka eminingi.

Njengasekugumbuqelweni obunye ubuchwepheshe, lisebenzisa ukuhwamuka, kodwa kwenziwa igobolondo kakhukhunathi enikeza umkhiqizo simise ongaphambili omise. Yisebenzise ngokwezinga elikhulu nge abakhiqizi ngokwabo, okungukuthi abantu bakule ndawo. Uma anentshisekelo, yini umbala i-sugar ekhishwe ngale ndlela, singaphendula ukuthi ensundu. Uma uyifaka itiye noma ikhofi, kuzokwenza isiphuzo hhayi kuphela amnandi, kodwa babuye basinikeze i ukunambitheka esingenakuqhathaniswa.

amabele ushukela

Kakade China wasendulo kwakunesidingo umkhuba ukukhiqiza Sweetener kusukela namabele. Phakathi American Civil War England ivinjiwe supply of umoba e-United enyakatho. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ngayo ekusakazekeni kwezindaba olunye uhlobo, okungukuthi namabele. Kodwa ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo, ukukhiqizwa engakaze isungulwe, ngoba ngokuya impahla eluhlaza isitshalo ngempela ungakhululekile. A nobunzima ukuthi ijusi okuholela unothile sucrose hhayi kuphela nosawoti kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene amaminerali, okuyinto zivimbela kumiswa zinhlayiya okumsulwa. Kodwa ezindaweni lapho nesomiso ihlala kakhulu onyakeni, amabele kungaba esikhundleni uyakufanelekela kakhulu kweminye imithombo ushukela. Ikakhulukazi ngoba imishini noma imishini ekhethekile azidingeki ukulima yayo. On emashalofini esitolo, lo mkhiqizo nzima kakhulu ukuthola, kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ushukela kumele kube umbala amber. it is Ngokuvamile ithengiswe ngesimo isiraphu.

Ngakho, ushukela - ikhemikhali kuyinto ngokuqinile ezimpilweni zethu. Ukuze ukwazi ukubona izinga layo, ochwepheshe banake izinto ezifana ukunambitheka, ukuma, iphunga nombala ushukela. Photo esifika ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zingatholakala emakhasini ngokudla namajenali. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukhethe umkhiqizo ongcono. Kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi umbala usawoti kanye noshukela ihlukile kakhulu: okumsulwa usawoti ezimhlophe, futhi ushukela ungaba emthunzini ophuzi noma kube nsundu, kuye ngokuthi lezi zilwane.