Umoba, ukukhiqizwa yayo kanye nokusetshenziswa

Umoba - kuyinto zisetshenziswa, herbaceous isitshalo okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokwanele umndeni okusanhlamvu. Simila ezindaweni ezinamahlathi emvula nezishisayo ngoba sucrose kanye nezinye ushukela yokukhiqiza byproducts.

incazelo isiko

Umoba libukeka bamboo. Its sifanamsindvo sikhule izinyanda amancane, kukhona cylindrical isesimweni futhi sifinyelele ukuphakama amamitha angu eziyisikhombisa nge ukushuba omunye eziyisishiyagalombili ngamasentimitha. Kubangelwa ijusi bese ushukela. ISIZINDA of stem ngalinye efihlekile (amehlo) zazo kamuva yaba ezincane side amahlumela. Zisetshenziswa ngokuzalanisa umoba esiphelweni indlela. Imbewu akhiwa engxenyeni engenhla inflorescences (e panicles). Basuke ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukuzalela izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo kamoba, futhi akuvamile - ngesimo imbewu.

Umoba kudinga inhlabathi evundile, inala ilanga namanzi. Yingakho-ke kutshalwa kuphela ezindaweni kunomswakama futhi kuyashisa. Ukuze uthole inani eliphezulu sucrose ngeziqu (17 amaphesenti ngesilinganiso), kuvuna ngokushesha emva ukumisa ukukhula kwezitshalo ukuphakama.

Ukukhiqizwa umoba

Umoba kuyinto endala kakhulu izitshalo kutshalwa futhi nguye kuphela kusukela lapho ushukela e-Afrika, e-Oceania, Latin America nase-Asia. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani ushukela umoba ekhiqizwa kuphela ePortugal naseSpain.

ukukhiqizwa kukashukela eRussia sihlehlela emuva engxenyeni yokuqala ka-X VII leminyaka, lapho Petersburg Yakhiwa ifektri lokuqala ukwenziwa ushukela. It is etholakala amazwe umoba eluhlaza.

Ngokokulandisa, futhi namuhla cishe kuwo wonke amazwe lapho umoba ukhula, inqubo it khiqiza ushukela ongakahluzwa, hhayi umkhiqizo osuphelile ifomu ushukela. Ngokuyinhloko, ubumsulwa ekuthumeleni ushukela ongakahluzwa ifinyelela abangamaphesenti angu-98. lemikhiqizo eRussia nakwamanye amazwe yayo ngendlela impahla eluhlaza kuyiphi kakade uthole ushukela.

Ngenxa umehluko omkhulu ukubunjwa amakhemikhali futhi isakhiwo zezitshalo kwezicubu zobuchwepheshe inqubo umoba sihluke kakhulu ukukhiqizwa ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi.

Ukuze umoba kusuka umoba yayo bafa ngaphambi zom. Kuzo kuleliphuzu kufika ku-12 amaphesenti amanoni, 21 amaphesenti ushukela kanye amaphesenti angu-73 amanzi, kanye nosawoti bese ndaba proteinaceous.

Ngokulandelayo, usike ngeziqu ngawakhamela nensimbi izimfoloko isibambo ijusi kuzo. Iqukethe amaprotheni mayelana 0.03 amaphesenti, 0.1 amaphesenti isitashi, 0,22 amaphesenti nitrogen equkethe izinto, amaphesenti 0,29 nosawoti (ikakhulukazi acid organic), amaphesenti 18,36 sucrose, amanzi angu-81 futhi amaphesenti elincane izingxenye elimnandi, anikeza ijusi iphunga ekhethekile. Ekwehlukaniseni amaprotheni ukungezwa okuluhlaza juice svezhegashenoy lime futhi eliwu degrees 70. Le nhlanganisela elicwengekileyo, kulandele ukuhwamuka kushintshwe ushukela crystallization.

Sucrose: isicelo

Sucrose (ushukela vulgare) kuyinto monoclinic zinhlayiya kungekho nto enemibala emihle, kalula oncibilikayo emanzini. Inqwaba butholakala beetroot nomhlanga, okuyindawo okukhiqizwa ukucutshungulwa lobuchwepheshe.

Sucrose isetshenziswa ngqo njengoba umkhiqizo ukudla noma njengengxenye imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ukudla okunoshukela. Ngezinye lokuhlala eliphezulu isetshenziswa njengoba uyalondoloza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sucrose isetshenziswa embonini chemical ngokukhiqiza butanol, glycerol, dextran, Ethanol kanye citric acid.

Futhi sucrose sibaluleke ngempela impahla eluhlaza embonini eyenza imithi ngokukhiqiza amalungiselelo okwelapha.

Ekuphetheni, Ngithanda wazi ukuthi umoba main impahla eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni sucrose. It ebangela amabili kwamathathu ekhiqizwa ushukela emhlabeni wonke.