Philippics - Iyini?

Philippics - inkulumo somlilo, unodoli ezazilahla isitatimende. Leli gama ngokomlando ezihambisana ngezipika ezimbili abaqavile ezweni lasendulo - Demosthenes emaphethelweni eGrisi bese LamaRoma Cicero.

Imininingwane zomlando: uPhilip II

Omunye nabalingiswa abasemqoka we 4th ekhulwini BC Aleksandr Makedonsky okuwukuthi, okubhalwe ngaye ukuthi eziningi namabhayisikobho eziningi ngokwedlule. Nokho, akukho ethandwa kancane kwaba kungabulawa uyise, uPhilip II (382-336 BC. E.), Ubani wayebuye abe iqhawe elikhulu futhi kumuntu wamacebo. Macedonia ingeyamakhosi emazweni asenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe nhlonhlo Hellenic. Empumalanga, ngasemngceleni bakhona-Thracians, elise kancane okwengeziwe frighteningly nenkani yasePheresiya. Futhi ngenxa isikhundla salo ezindawo ngesikhathi kwabaseMakedoniya akha lwesigodi eqondile ngolimi lwesiGreki, lapho kwakukhona amagama amaningi ngowezizwe.

Macedonia sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi abampofu isimo evamile ophucukile, balishaya bonke kuphela wayengekho ubuvila. Ukube kwakungengenxa azikhukhumeze uPhilip II, lisuselwa encazelweni uhlobo amakhosi ovelele Macedonian, izwe ngabe umane kuklebhukile. Ngezinye 23, eba inkosi futhi ngek ube nedumela lokuthi umbusi onamandla. Isikhundla waqinisa iqiniso lokuthi ukuze uwine emazweni ethumba Athens ekuseni, wabutha abaningi nesandla esinamandla, futhi waqala ukuhlasela nomakhelwane bayo.

Kuyini philippic?

Onethonya Athene eyiqaphuqaphu Demosthenes (384-322 BC. E.) Nge uthando okunjalo futhi intukuthelo wadalula ukusebenza inkosi yakwa-Macedonia noFiliphu, isitha we yeningi Athene, yini igama lakhe kwakunguJohane isisekelo sokuthethelelwa ukuqanjwa kabusha "protivomakedonskih" ukuvela "diatribes". Lezi bathukuthela, diatribes. Leli gama idonse kanye eyiqaphuqaphu adumile aseRoma - Cicero ukuthi izinkulumo zakhe incriminating ngokumelene uMark Antony , futhi, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi "philippics".

izinkulumo Angry logoi

Isihloko sokuqala kwaba diatribes somlilo shayela Athene simelane. Demosthenes wanxusa abase-Athene ukuba balungele impi, ezama ukuzibonisa ukuthi ukuthi baye bahlupheka ngenxa amaphutha, ukungafaneleki yenkosi Filippa Makedonskogo. Wamelana ukusetshenziswa Amasosha ebuthweni lase-Athene, futhi yaphakanyiswa ukudalwa lempi nezimo ukuthi uzogcinwa eMakedoniya nase kuqhathaniswa ibutho kaFiliphu. Philippics - inkulumo abanothando futhi ethukuthele, okuyinto unethonya elinamandla kumlaleli. I icala elinzima nakakhulu ukuba alwe nenkosi Macedon kwaba ukuthi wephule imibandela yalesi sivumelwano nokuthula iminyaka 346.

Ngakusasa (wesibili) philippic - kwaba impendulo ukuhlaselwa ngobudlova kaFiliphu nabasekeli bakhe ku-Athene umbimbi edolobheni. Enkulumweni lwesithathu uthukuthele Demosthenes isicelo umfutho bokukhuluma kwakhe, wabuza isinyathelo esiqinile ngokumelene Philip nekhwane kulindeleke amandla amaningi avela kubantu base-Athene. EMakedoniya nase-Athens ayesevele uyeke belligerents empeleni waba. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uPhilip ngowokuqala ababa wahlephula ukuthula.

philippic Okwesithathu - lena izinkulumo engcono zezombusazwe logoi, ngubani baziphatha njengokungathi sezombangazwe ezinethonya kunazo Athens futhi kwaba suzerain yesehlakalo zezombusazwe Athene, umholi oshisekayo iqembu anti-Macedonian, okwenza kube kwavukelwa Athene ngokumelene Philip.

philippic Okwesine futhi isibaluli Demosthenes, ibonisa ucingo ukuthumela amanxusa e-Athens namaPheresiya, kodwa kukhona ezinye ukungabaza mayelana ubuqambi yayo. Modern Ozhegova Dictionary sichaza lo mqondo kanje: Diatribe uthukuthele. kamuva Igama elisetshenzisiwe ezinjalo abalobi Russian njengoba Chernyshevsky, Turgenev, Saltykov-Shchedrin, laseChekhov nabanye.