Mpendulo - ubuciko nesayensi yokukhuluma

Ikhono lokuveza ngokucacile imicabango yabo, ukukholisa futhi ukuyenga ezinsikeni zawo izihlwele bezilokhu kubhekwe buwusizo oluyigugu kakhulu umuntu. Ukuphumelela sphere eziningi umsebenzi kuncike ikhono lokukhulumisana nabantu. Ezinye leli khono sizalwa nawo ngokwemvelo yabo - basuke kubhekwe izipikha emvelo. Abanye babe ukulufunda, ikakhulukazi uma kudingwa isimo emsebenzini noma imigomo siqu.

Kukhona ngisho lonke isayensi ngokuthi mpendulo. Kuyinto isiyalo kososayensi ukuthi ufunda imithetho ekwakhekeni, ukuqonda futhi ukudluliswa inkulumo izinga nombhalo ezinhle. Endulo leli gama lase lisetshenziselwa kuphela Ngokwezwi nezwi lisho yakhe. Kukholakala ukuthi mpendulo - lokhu mpendulo, ikhono excellently enze obala. Kamuva lo mqondo landiswa ukuthini umbono wenza amakhono futhi, elifanele, inkulumo nokuvumelanisa.

Igama elithi weza Russian kusukela ngesiGreki. I omqondofana afaneleka kakhulu kuyoba "bokukhuluma" futhi "ubugagu". Ekuqaleni ukuvela lesi siyalo waqala ngokucacile manifest izindlela ezimbili eziphathelene bezibona ubugagu. Abasekeli yezindawo zokuqala babekholelwa ukuthi mpendulo - kuba ikhono lokukholisa. Babekholelwa ukuthi into esemqoka ngobugagu - kuba okuqukethwe umbono. Isibonelo esiyinhloko salokhu Aristotle ubugagu. Lokhu ngoba inkhulumo lenhle nguye kuletha umphumela aqinisekiswa ngokuya zamukeleka (uzwela, uzwela, ngokuvumelana) futhi itusa ubungane izilaleli ukuba izenzo ezithile.

Abanye igxile isitayela ifomu yokukhuluma. Kubo, mpendulo kwakumane ukuba nekhono lokukhuluma imihlobiso. Akwaziwa omele kanye umsunguli lalesi sikole kuyinto eyiqaphuqaphu lasendulo Isocrates. Laba balandeli kulesi siqondiso ngaphansi inkhulumo lenhle kwakusho aluhlaza ehlotshisiwe ke eyakhelwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho ka sobuhle bayo. Nangokuthonya lapha sithinta nokuhlolwa isilebhuli, kodwa kwaba ezincane futhi akulona umbandela kuphela.

neoritorika Modern baba inyunyana obunobunye we "tetemibhalo" futhi "logic" lesikole. Imiphumela etholwe "tetemibhalo" isiqondiso, asetshenziselwa kube yilolu suku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga yobuhle yokukhuluma babe kwabanye mpendulo abacwaningi kuqala. Nokho, iningi logic namanje obusa.

Okwamanje, ubugagu is ngokwesiko bahlukaniswa baba yizigaba ezingu ezimbili: mpendulo yangasese kanye nalolo olwejwayelekile. igxile Iyimfihlo izici ngamunye izinhlobo izwi zokuxhumana ezihlobene izici inkulumo, imigomo nemibandela zokuxhumana kanye sphere ezahlukene umsebenzi womuntu. mpendulo Ingqikithi - isayensi imithetho nezimiso izinga ukwakhiwa, inkulumo enhle, okuyinto akuxhomekile emkhakheni lokukhulumisana inkulumo jikelele.

Ngokwesiko Nguwe kahle bekhombisa ukukhuluma abameli esizayo nosomabhizinisi zinikwa amanyuvesi. Nokho, uma umuntu usebenza kwenye insimu, akukho kokusebenza ukuthola isikhathi mahhala futhi sizifundise. Ibhizinisi mpendulo, omunye izigatshana okuwusizo kunakho konke lokhu isayensi okujabulisayo uqinisekile singaba usizo kabi empilweni kumuntu ngamunye kithi, ikakhulukazi kulezi zikhathi ezinzima kangaka.