Yini iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Afrika? Kilimanjaro: incazelo, isithombe

Afrika - exotic izakhamuzi eziningi zaleli zwekazi Eurasia. Kukhona ezingwadule elikhulu izinkangala atholakala zilwane ezingajwayelekile kanye sikhule izitshalo emangalisayo. Ingabe uyazi ukuthi intaba ephakeme e-Afrika? Amagama abanye babo, thina basakhumbula lwezifundo zesikole, kuyilapho abanye ngokuphelele engaziwa.

incazelo jikelele

Isici esiyinhloko nezwekazi wukuthi nezintaba eziphakeme ngeke eligoqiwe izakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Afrika, elise ezinkangala aseMpumalanga Afrika. Enyakatho-naseningizimu nezwekazi ezinde ezintabeni eligoqiwe - Atlas kanye Cape. Ethiopian (Abyssinian) Highlands itholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga yokhalo Aberdarsky - ku enkabeni yaleli zwekazi, Zokhahlamba kukhona eningizimu, futhi Ahaggar - enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Afrika idume izintaba-mlilo zayo asebenzayo futhi yokuqothulwa (Kilimanjaro futhi Cameroon).

Intaba ephakeme kunazo e-Afrika - Kilimanjaro

Lokhu enkulu Ukhahlamba yakhiwa-mlilo ezintathu yokuqothulwa manje - Mawenzi (5129 m), Shira (3962 m), kanye Kibo (5,895 m). Ngakho, ukuphakama intaba ephakeme e-Afrika ubhekwa 5895 amamitha. Amalungu afanayo isendaweni ithafa amaMasai. Ososayensi akudingeki ubufakazi obubhalwe ukuthi endulo kube nomsebenzi omningi wezintaba-mlilo, uma ukhuluma nayo ngokuzibulala kuphela yetinsita. Esikhathini Kilimanjaro esifundeni namuhla mlilo ukukhumbuza kwekhabhoni gqwa kuphela. Nokho, le amashifu esidlule nokudilika kwenhlabathi zalotshwa.

intaba ephakeme kunazo Afrika idume iqhwa elikuyo cap kusukela isiqongo embozwe izinguzunga zeqhwa zeminyaka eminingi. Namuhla, ososayensi abaningi bazwakalise ukuthi lo omkhulu iqhwa cap inganyamalala emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Mhlawumbe, ukusaba kwabo kukhona besifanele - ezinsukwini zokugcina 100 eminyakeni cap sehlile ivolumu cishe 80%. Lena akuyona ngenxa yenyuka lokushisa, kodwa kuncike nokwehlisa inani iqhwa eliwayo esifundeni.

Intaba ephakeme kunazo e-Afrika lavulwa ngo-1848, umfundisi we-waseJalimane uJohannes Rebmann. Ngokokuqala ngqá wazama anqobe isiqongo isiHungary Ukubala SamuelTeleki, kodwa waye kuphela ngo-1889, isihambi German Hans Meyer nomngane wakhe - umgibeli kusuka Austria Ludwig Purtscheller.

kweNtaba iKenya

Akukhona intaba ephakeme e-Afrika, kodwa, ifinyelela ukuphakama 5199 amamitha. KweNtaba iKenya - kuyinto stratovolcano yokuqothulwa futhi omunye ethandwa kakhulu phakathi bezintaba iphakama yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Itholakala kahulumeni yokulondoloza imvelo kweNtaba iKenya, okuyinto yasungulwa ngo-1949 ukuze kuvikelwe ezizungezile.

Ngokuvamile Umqansa kule ntaba lifikile iziqongo ezintathu - Batiani, Nelionu futhi Point Lenanu. Ngokombono lobuchwepheshe umbono, ezingabizi kakhulu futhi Lenana kuya-Point okulula kubhekwa itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga Massif.

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi abantu abangaba izigidi ezimbili edlule - kweNtaba iKenya kuyinto mlilo. Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku kwaba up Kilimanjaro.

Ngo 1849 wavula isithunywa sevangeli German Johann UKrapf, nangemva 34, waqinisekisa ukutholakala kwakhe wamazwe uGeorge. Thompson, wehlele unyawo evela entshonalanga.

Cameroon

Le ntaba ubhekwa aphakeme e- Afrika Ephakathi. ukuphakama Its 4070 amamitha. Okwamanje, it namanje ekuboniseni mlilo. Lokhu kuqhuma lokugcina Cameroon ezilotshwe 2000. Esiqongweni sentaba akuyona njalo embozwe yiqhwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala cap. Vulcan unezinye amagama - Phaco futhi Mongo Ma Ndeme - njengoba ibizwa nge bendawo.

Kuvulwe lokhu intabamlilo amatilosi Portuguese - Amalungu bomkhankaso, okwakubekelwa ngifuna indlela yonkana Afrika kuya eNdiya. Wanqoba esiqongweni ngo-1861, Richard Francis Burton.

ezinkangala zaseEthiopia

It iseningizimu enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwekazi, Ethiopia, Eritrea, futhi ngokwengxenye kuya enyakatho Somalia. Iphuzu esiphezulu entabeni ubhekwa Ras Dashen. ukuphakama Its 4550 amamitha. Empumalanga futhi ezinkangala eningizimu Amashalofu okubeka emaweni. Behlela esigodini ezijulile. Amashalofu okubeka Western stupenchatoe uhlobo oluhlukile, ezibaziweyo zigodi ezijulile zomfula iBlue Nile. Valley Highlands ihlukaniswe phezu khulula emi afanayo (Amba). Bhala ezinkangala Ethiopia gneiss, schists, idwala wentaba-mlilo engaphezulu.

I Plateau ephawulwe yezimvula sezulu, okuvumela lapha ukuze zikhule ikhofi kwesihlahla, rye nokolweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona namaminerali amaningi - igolide, i-platinum, i-sulphur, nethusi nsimbi. Misela lapha lignite limestone kanye Gypsum.

Atlas ezintabeni

Le zokhahlamba Itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye zwekazi. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lisuka e-Atlantic coast e Morocco kuze kufinyelele emikhawulweni ka-Tunisia. Namuhla esunguliwe ukuthi ibanga amakhilomitha 2,300 kusukela Cape Sirte ukuze Kotey.

Atlas Izintaba ehlukanisiwe ngamazwe aseMedithera nase-Atlantic nogu ogwadule eSahara. Zenza emikhulu eminingi. Iphuzu esiphezulu array - Mount Toubkal (4167 m).