PD-14 - injini. injini Turbofan: ezintsha

Muva nje, njengengxenye IL-76LL ukuhlolwa laboratory waqala, lapho ihlolwe PD-14 - injini, okuyinto kubhekwa esibalulekile kule engamashumi amathathu we civil aviation yasekhaya. Kungani? Kunezizathu eziningi.

umqondo

PD-14 - owesihlanu injini isizukulwane phakathi turbojet izinjini. Kuyinto design awuxhaxha lwenteke ezintsha izixazululo zobunjiniyela. Thola okungenani blade ophephela ujikelezisa at a imvamisa linemibhikisho abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili ngomzuzu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke izenzo amandla centrifugal amathani ayishumi nesishiyagalombili. ophephela okunjalo izindwani zisesikhathini ayisikhombisa.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Umqondo ukudala injini uvele ekuqaleni ezimbili senkulungwane JSC "Izindiza Engine". A isikhathi eside ukuthuthukiswa ziye wafundela ukuba ukukhiqizwa imishini abaholi bezwe babengaphandle ngaleso sikhathi ihlaziye njengoba emoyeni futhi wasebenzisa izindiza. Nakuba imakethe Russian abakhiqizi angaphandle Ugcwalise konke. It hit injini kanzima futhi yasekhaya. Ngakho-ke, onjiniyela kwadingeka umsebenzi onzima, hhayi kuphela ukufinyelela ezingeni abaholi bezwe, kodwa futhi lidlule ubuchwepheshe ekhona, kanye ukwenza ezindizeni yasekhaya yokuncintisana kwemvelo, intengo kanye indices izindleko. Kusobala ukuthi ukuze lelisu msebenzi wawungelula.

Ngakho-ke wanquma ukusebenzisa zonke izinzuzo amabhizinisi yasekhaya futhi zocwaningo ukukhiqiza izinjini.

Umqondo oyinhloko lo msebenzi waba ukwakha igesi generator yesimanje kokuba imingcele enjalo, ngesisekelo okuyinto kwakunokwenzeka ukwakha imishini amakhono ehlukene. Yabo kufanele efakwe izindiza ezahlukene, kanye eliwumhlaba amadivayisi uya khona - izitshalo amandla ukufaka for uzotshala igesi. I generator gas inhlangano nzima kakhulu high voltage imoto. Kwakungenxa ubunye wakhe we Inkinga yaxazululeka ekuhlinzekweni ukukhiqizwa uchungechunge for amayunithi ahlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kakhulu ziyancipha izindleko ngamunye onobuhle esizayo. Zonke izinto kanye nobuchwepheshe umklamo awazange amazwe (futhi ngempela bahluleka, ngisho noma ngaba nesifiso esinjalo ngoba idatha imfihlo futhi hhayi wachazela), futhi ekhiqizwa eRussia.

luyimfihlo

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaphezu izinkampani Russian ukwakha jet izinjini ubuchwepheshe isizukulwane esisha ukuba zitholakala kuphela e-United States, France, Britain. It kuvela ukuthi ephethwe abambalwa amazwe kunalawo ukuthi ifa zenuzi futhi bayakwazi ukuqalisa iziphuphutheki emkhathini. China, isibonelo, kwaphela iminyaka eminingi ngizama aphumelele kulo mkhakha. Yena kalula ukwazi ukukopisha yasekhaya Su-27, kodwa AL-31F injini, futhi ngakho wahlala ayitholakali. Ngakho-ke, leli lizwe namanje ophoqelelwe ukuthenga injini kakade hhayi yesimanje eRussia. Yingakho ukuthuthukiswa kulendawo esiqashwe isimo.

Ukubambisana abathuthukisi kanye abakhiqizi

Zonke abahlanganyeli, ngubani bebehlela ukusebenzisa iphrojekthi, babesekela umbono. Ngo-2006, besayina obhekelele ukuqaliswa ngokuhlanganyela, kamuva elaba isisekelo sokubambisana esizayo.

Lo mkhankaso yazuza nokusekela uhulumeni. Lo mkhankaso wabizwa ngokuthi "PD-14." Injini eyaqala ukuvela JSC "Izindiza Engine", akhiqize ngesikhathi iJSC "MC UEC". Ngaphezu kwalokho izinkampani ezinkulu kuleli ukuqaliswa kuhilela izinto eziningi amabhizinisi ehola zezindiza injini, nezikhungo legatsha nezikhungo of Russian Academy of Sciences.

ukukhiqizwa zokuvumelanisa

PD-14 - Turbofan injini noma oluphathelene naye lowo turbojet, kuyinto wagxila amathani 14. Kuhloswe ukuba ukufakwa izindiza MS-21 (bona kubalwa inani abagibeli kusukela ayikhulu namashumi amathathu eyodwa namashumi ayisishiyagalombili), ezoqala ukusebenza ngo-2017. Ngakho-ke izindiza injini kudala synchronously ne MS 21 uqobo.

Uma iphrojekthi isebenzisa okuthiwa Gate-technology. Ekupheleni esigabeni ngasinye Kwenziwa elihambisana luhlolo, iqhaza ochwepheshe - abameleli zonke izinhlangano. Ngalesi mode, uma kunesidingo, uphathe isikhathi sokuhlala bahlale benze izinguquko futhi ugweme amaphutha kungenzeka.

Kuyini entsha injini

Kwase kubekwe isisekelo kule izixazululo zakudala, okuyinto okuye kwenziwa kuye kwabonisa ukuthembeka kwabo ekuthuthukiseni PD-14. Injini ngesikhathi esifanayo iqukethe design zanamuhla nobuchwepheshe. Isetshenziswa, ezifana ne-nickel futhi titanium superalloys, okuyinto sifinyelele nemingcele oyifunayo. Ngakho, onjiniyela Russian ayelenzile eqa qualitative ezingeni elisha, lapho injini izindiza lithuthukile zonke izinkomba ezinkulu.

Ngakho, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kuyehla nambili ukuba amaphesenti ayishumi nesithupha. Ukwethulwa polymer esiyinhlanganisela izinto ngcono attenuation umsindo futhi yehlise injini isisindo. izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto zokusebenza, kukhona cishe abangamashumi amabili.

Ikhwalithi ephezulu ibangelwa esikhiqiza eyishumi nesithupha ubuchwepheshe main esetshenziswa. Ngasekuqaleni injini akazange ukuzisebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, manje kukhona ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo futhi bethula isigijimi ekukhiqizweni.

Ngo-2012, ukuze abonise injini ne izixazululo zobuchwepheshe kanye nomklamo kushiwo, isidlulile ngempumelelo ebhentshini ukuhlolwa kwe-yokubonisa injini-technology. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu azuzwe Ukuzwakala komculo, ekushayweni kanye wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto.

Injini PD-14 Ukucaciswa futhi airworthy zabo kungase kutholakale isebenzisa ziqu olukhethekile ezisetshenziswa. Ibhange idatha, eyayibhalwe izinto, uqukethe lonke ulwazi mayelana ezingeni amandla kwesakhiwo, okuyinto banayo. Zonke izinto bayahlolwa laboratories ekhethekile namuhla.

Izinhloso yephrojekthi

Ukuthuthukiswa izinjini kuhambisana nalokhu okulandelayo okuphokophelwe:

• encishisiwe ukukhiqiza izindleko;
• ekunciphiseni nokugcinwa nokulungiswa izindleko;
• ukuqinisekisa operation esitebeleni mshini;
• ekunciphiseni petrol;
• ukunciphisa isisindo;
• ukwehlisa umsindo ekushayweni izinto eziyingozi.

Kanye umsebenzi injini, wadala uhlelo elula amayunithi ngemva inkonzo ukudayiswa. Kuhlanganisa, ngaphezu ukulungisa elilungile kanye nokugcinwa, Logistics izixazululo, sesiqinisekiso futhi inkonzo. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthi lesi simiso cishe non-akukho, njengoba production ezifuywayo bezindiza eziqhutshwa kancane.

isiqinisekiso sempumelelo

Isicelo sokuthola isitifiketi ezithunyelwe 2013 kuya PD-14, futhi ekupheleni 2015 kakade ihlolwe.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-umsebenzi wenziwa yizinto eziningi izinkampani kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo, kuqinisekisa ekusetshenzisweni isabelomali izimali. Ukutshalwa kwezimali nokuthuthukiswa futhi ukwenziwa kwangempela yephrojekthi, evumela ukuba unqobe ukusalela, okuyinto kwaphawuleka kule lwasekhaya zezindiza umkhakha futhi ekubekeni isisekelo sokumiswa ukuthuthukiswa wayo.

Kusungulwa izidingo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe manje beba ngempumelelo ikakhulukazi njengoba abazimele kuzosiza ukuvimbela zonke izinhlobo amaphutha. Zonke zenzakalo luzoqala kuphrojekthi elidume yimpumelelo. Bonke abahlanganyeli project siqhubeke inzuzo ngezithukuthuku zabanye oda, okuyinto negates ingozi ukulahleka.

PD 7 PD-10, PD-14 ngokumelene PS0-90

Injini zasekhaya kuphela, okuyinto ifakwe izindiza eRussia namuhla indlela yiyona PS-90A. Zonke ezinye izindiza ube amayunithi angaphandle.

Onjiniyela Project uhlela ukuze uthumele esikhathini esizayo zonke izindiza Russian ku izinjini ezintsha yasekhaya.

PS-90A - injini turbofan. Turbojet uhlobo PD-14 axazulula izinkinga okuyinto kuvela ngaphambi jet izinjini, okuyinto kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa kwabo civil aviation. Inkinga eyinhloko itholakala enkulu petrol kanye umsindo eqinile. Esikhathini iphrojekthi entsha, lezi nezinye izithiyo iye yasuswa, okuvumela injini manje isetshenziselwe izindiza civil.

Umndeni injini zihlanganisa PD-14 futhi PD-7 lokubolekwa kokuba traction ukuba 7900 khilogremu, futhi PD-10 nge wagxila kuze kufinyelele 9900 amakhilogremu. Inguqulo ye-PD-14M enamandla kakhulu uyakwazi ukwandisa ibanga indiza njengoba umthwalo esiphezulu, futhi ngaphandle kwalo. Futhi luzoqala enciphile petrol ngu eziyishumi nane amaphesenti kuqhathaniswa nalabo okwamanje idliwe injini turbofan.

Funa ezimakethe basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle

Onjiniyela ngokugcwele saturation izinjini PD-14 emakethe yangaphakathi esizayo. Phakathi izindiza amahlanu ukuncintisana ezisebenza emakethe yasekhaya, le-MS-21 has a inzuzo enkulu in inani abagibeli. Uyakwazi baphathe abantu ngamakhulu amabili neshumi nambili. Ake uqhathanise: 737 ithwala abagibeli abangu-189 kuphela, futhi Bombardier-CS300 - nje 135. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wandise ivolumu imithwalo, kudlule nezihlalo. Lokhu kuzokwenza lula futhi ukusheshisa inqubo yokulayisha athula abagibeli.

Enye inzuzo enkulu kuba izindleko ongaphakeme indiza. Uma indiza ezifuywayo, kokuba okungcono ngaphakathi injini, kuyafaneleka amadola ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalombili million, 737, isibonelo, izindleko izinkampani cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi kwetigidzi letisikhombisa kanye Bombardier-CS300 - ayisishiyagalombili million.

Njengoba ukuba kukhululwe ikusasa MS-21 ku-ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele, kukhona kuze kube manje nasesikhathini esizayo, akwaziwa. Okuwukuphela umthengi angaphandle yangempela iyinkampani Malaysian, sesivele ngaphambilini izindiza amabili nanhlanu.

Phakathi izinkampani zasekhaya yayala indiza:

• "Aeroflot" - izingcezu amahlanu;
• "VEB-yokuqasha" - amathathu;
• "Ilyushin Finance" - amabili nesishiyagalombili;
• "Sberbank yokuqasha" - amabili;
• "IrAero" - eziyishumi.

Iqiniso lokuthi inkampani nesethu, kanye angaphandle uze bavame ukuthenga MS-21 kungenziwa uxhumekile noma novivinyo akuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona inkinga yokuntuleka uhlelo athuthukile yesevisi emva ukudayiswa izindiza.

Noma kunjalo, uMongameli we-Russian Federation uVladimir Vladimirovich Putin esithangamini nabezindaba ekupheleni 2015 kwaqedwa iphrojekthi ebizwa PD-14 sika isenzakalo esibaluleke kakhulu ekugcwalisekeni isakhiwo injini Russian kusukela Eighties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, futhi wabonisa ukuthi uyaqiniseka ukuthi izinjini sethu esisha bayonidlula angaphandle analogue.

Ngakho-ke, sinesizathu esizwakalayo ukubikezela impumelelo lwasekhaya dvigatele- futhi izindiza ukwakhiwa.