Izakhiwo Wave yokukhanya

Uma ucela umuntu ovamile lokho akwaziyo property ukukhanya, ngaphandle kokungabaza, bonke ngokushesha shayela "kuveza". Ngempela, kukhona cishe kuyinto ingane ababengeke bathande ukudlala uma libalele ne isibuko esincane ephonsa imisebe - okuthiwa Sunbeams. Ngokuqinisekile, abaningi basayikhumbula namanje, lalilikhulu ukudlala izithunzi - futhi kubonisa omunye izakhiwo yokukhanya. Kodwa kwabanye kuyoba ekwambulweni yokuthi amaza, okuvumela nomsakazo nomabonakude play ukudluliswa ningukukhanya efanayo. Azikho izimangaliso - wachaza zonke kalula. Isizathu salokhu kudideka lokukhona sezindawo wave yokukhanya.

Noma yini esaluketshezi kabani la ma-athomu kukhona esimweni ejabule, ukukhiqiza kagesi emisebeni yemvelo. Mshini ilula: iyiphi izinhlayiya bathambekele esimweni energy balance, ngakho-ke, ihlaba umkhosi amandla ngokweqile. Kungaba, ukukhanya ebonakalayo efudumele, noma yimuphi omunye izinhlobo yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Kuyini ukukhanya? Uma sicabanga lonke spectrum, emisebeni iso ebonakalayo ithatha amaza e uhla 790-390 THz. I engavamile walesi emisebeni eyingozi kuba sezingeni ukuthi unakho kokubili izakhiwo wave wokukhanya kanye izakhiwo izinhlayiya (corpuscular). Obani abakhuluma lezi nentshisekelo emisha technical, ngokuqinisekile, ngizwile inkulumo ethi "i-albhamu yezithombe injini". Kusukela Imibhobho esemzimbeni zalo wakhipha izinhlayiya ukukhanya - izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya, ukuhlinzeka ishayela nesenzakalo. Pho-ke, ukuze baqonde 'izakhiwo wave yokukhanya, "uma sikhuluma izinhlayiya? Iqiniso lokuthi amangqamuzana ethu abe ukukhanya ebonakalayo kuyinto ezimbili: kungaba amelwe ifomu lemisebe kanye ukusakaza izinhlayiya. Uchungechunge ucwaningo luveza ukuthi kokubili ukubukwa ziyiqiniso.

Uma sicabanga izakhiwo wave yokukhanya, okukhulunywe ngokucophelela ukuphazamiseka. Kusekelwe ushintsho ezindaweni iLuminance (umfutho) ebusweni zikhanyiswa imishayo eziningana ukukhanya. Lokho ukuphazamiseka uvunyelwe Jung ukuqhuba yakhe edumile ezimbili umqhewu isilingo.

Impahla ezilandelayo - lokhu umumo womsebenzi. Ngenxa yalesi simo, zikhona izincazelo eziningana, kodwa umuntu engayazi yokukhanya kungaholela incazelo elandelayo: umumo womsebenzi kuyinto izithiyo wave ngokudlula. Okungukuthi, uma kukhulunywa nje, yokucucuza kwemisebe umthombo iphuzu engasoze "ubuhlungu" esifundeni nasethunzini into ezakhiwe zithwala ezimbili, kodwa umkhuba lokhu nokucabanga woniwa. "Guilty" iyona umumo womsebenzi. Ngezinye izikhathi kuthathwa njengenye yezindlela zokubonisa ukuphazamiseka, engesiyo iphutha.

Kuyinkolelo eyamukelwa abaningi mkhuba kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona ezaziwayo. It kungabonakala ekhaya: kwanele uthele amanzi ingilazi futhi beka isipuni. Uma thina manje sibheke spoon ke eslphambanweni emoyeni-amanzi ukuhlanekezela lubonakale okwephula ukunemba weJiyomethri. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona emngceleni phakathi kwabezindaba ezimbili ezihlukene.

Ingabe Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani usuku oluthile lwasebusika libalele umfutho ukukhanya uphakeme kakhulu kangangokuthi kufanele ukugqoka izibuko ne amawindi anombala? Isizathu salokhu kuveza Rays isuka endaweni emhlophe ezakhiwe iqhwa. Ingxenye wave ishintsha indlela yayo motion siyachithwa ngenxa ukusebenzisana ebusweni.

Ukuze ukutadisha ukuziphatha izinhlayiya e quantum izinqubo esetshenziswa nehele optical. Uma ezingaphezu kweyodwa laser ugongolo ukuqondisa parallel luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi baqede - nezinye nemishayo, nemibundu izikhala kuyovela amandla ezingaba khona. Ama-athomu omoya-Ambient kokungathathi hlangothi basuke bagxila minima yayo, ukwakha ukufana we ngehele crystal. Ngu obuhlukahlukene imvamisa imisebe, igebe eliphakathi kwabo noma amandla Babechichima, kungenzeka ukulawula ukuziphatha kwalezi ama-athomu.