Mfushane Biography Tsiolkovskogo Konstantina Eduardovicha. Iqhaza isayensi, izincwadi, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, ogama okutholakele baye negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi kanye biography libaluleke hhayi kuphela ngokuya impumelelo yayo - usosayensi omkhulu, isazi-Soviet odumo emhlabeni, umsunguli kanye umgqugquzeli ukuhlola umkhathi ukuhlola umkhathi. It is njengoba unjiniyela eyaziwa imodeli nangomcibisholo, akwazi ukunqoba isikhala.

Ungubani - Ziolkowski?

Biography emfushane Tsiolkovsky iyisibonelo esivelele ukuzinikezela kwakhe nokukhuthazela naphezu kwezimo ezinzima ekuphileni.

Usosayensi esizayo wazalwa ngo-September 17 1857 eduze Ryazan, edolobhaneni Izhevsk.
Ubaba, u-Edward Ignatievich, ubesebenza njengomshayeli wehlathi, nomama - Maria Ivanovna, wafika evela emndenini abalimi kuyinto engasho lutho, kwaholela yasendlini. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu kusukela ekuzalweni usosayensi esizayo umndeni wakhe ngenxa yezinkinga emsebenzini ngesikhathi nobunzima uyise wathuthela Ryazan. Kokuqala ukuqeqeshwa uConstantine nabafowabo (ukufunda, ukubhala kanye okungumsu izibalo) wahlanganyela nonina.

kweminyaka engu Tsiolkovsky

Ngo-1868 umkhaya wathuthela Vyatka, lapho uConstantine nomfowabo omncane Kukhona ababe ngabafundi Ignatius sokuzivocavoca. Ukuqeqeshwa wanikwa kanzima, isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kwaba ubuthulu - phetho imfiva esibomvu, esiwumfanekiso umfana wahlupheka engu-9. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwaba khona ukulahlekelwa okukhulu emndenini Ziolkowski: efile othandekayo ubhuti Constantine - Dmitry. Ngemva konyaka, konke kusenjalo, hhayi baba omama. nhlekelele Umkhaya kwaba nethonya elibi lapho beya ezifundweni zabo Amathambo, ngaphandle kakhulu wathuthuka ubuthulu yakhe, ngokuya behlukene umphakathi kwentsha. Ngo-1873 Tsiolkovsky ngaxoshwa esikoleni. Lapho yena nanini wafunda, zikhetha imfundo yabo Umfundisi, ngoba izincwadi ngesandla esivulekile wanika yolwazi kanye neze lutho ummangalelwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, le nsizwa yaba lokusungula nesithakazelo zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe, ngisho esakhiwe ekhaya lathe.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky: Managing

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-16 ubudala kanye noyise omnene Konstantin uhlangothi, ukukholelwa amakhono indodana yakhe, wathuthela eMoscow, lapho azama, kodwa ahluleka ukungena School of Engineering. Ukuhluleka awazange ayiphule le nsizwa, futhi wachitha iminyaka emithathu ngokuzimela wafunda sciences yezinkanyezi, omakhenikha, i-chemistry, izibalo, ukuxhumana nabanye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinsizakuzwa.

Young abantu nsuku zonke Chertkovsky wavakashela esesidlangalaleni umtapo; kwaba khona ukuthi wazana nomunye Fedorov UNikolai Fedorovich - omunye wabasunguli be- cosmism Russian. Lo muntu okungavamile salandelwa le nsizwa kubo bonke abafundisi ndawonye. Ukuphila inhlokodolobha ngokuba Tsiolkovsky wayengekho ebiza kakhulu, ngaphandle yonke imali ayihlala kumabhuku kanye zomculo, ngakho ngo-1876 wabuyela Vyatka, lapho eqala ukwenza lokufundiswa futhi izifundo ngasese-physics kanye ne-mathematics. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe ekhaya kusuka Tsiolkovsky ngenxa umsebenzi onzima futhi zona kanye izimo ezinzima kwehle kakhulu umbono, futhi wayegqoke izibuko.

Abafundi beza Tsiolkovsky, okuyinto umise ngokwaso njengoba izinga uthisha omkhulu waya ngokuzithandela kakhulu. Mfundisi ekuziphatheni izifundo wasebenzisa izindlela akhiwa kuye, phakathi okuyinto kwakuwukubonakaliswa okucacile isihluthulelo. Ukuze izifundo geometry Tsiolkovsky owayezamazamisa iphepha amamodeli we polyhedra nabafundi olwenziwa ucwaningo kwi-physics. Tsiolkovsky hola inkazimulo uthisha echaza, ulimi impahla kuyaqondakala kufinyeleleke: izifundo zakhe ziye zaba ezithakazelisayo njalo. Ngo-1876, u-Ignatius wafa - umfowabo Constantine, okuyinto kwaba buhlungu enkulu kakhulu usosayensi.

Usosayensi ukuphila Siqu

Ngo-1878 Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky nomkhaya wakhe washintsha indawo yakhe yokuhlala e Ryazan. Lapho, ngempumelelo kudlule izivivinyo izitifiketi futhi yathola umsebenzi wokuba uthisha esikoleni Borovsk. Esikhathini esikoleni wesifunda zendawo, naphezu ibanga eside kusukela izikhungo eyinhloko isayensi, Tsiolkovsky ngenkuthalo olwenziwa ucwaningo emkhakheni yezinto ezihamba emoyeni iyiqiniso. Yena wabeka izisekelo imfundiso yokuziphendukela kinetic amagesi, ukuthumela Russian Physico-Chemical Society idatha etholakalayo, wathola impendulo evela Mendeleev ukuthi kwatholakala ngumuntu yingxenye yesine yekhulu leminyaka edlule.

Usosayensi Young kakhulu washaqeka lesi simo; ithalente lakhe wakucabangela Petersburg. Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko esasisentshonalanga imicabango Tsiolkovsky, kwaba inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Balloons. -Scholar athuthukile umbiko wakhe ukuklanywa izindiza, elinesimo igobolondo metal elincanyana. Imicabango yabo Tsiolkovsky evezwe umsebenzi 1885-1886 GG. "Imfundiso kanye nakho ibhaluni."

Kodwa ngo-1880 Tsiolkovsky ngishade Sokolovoy Varvaroy Evgrafovnoy - indodakazi yomnikazi egumbini lapho ayethé esehlale isikhathi esithile. izingane Tsiolkovsky kusukela lo mshado: abantwana bakwa-Ignatius, uJohane Aleksandru indodakazi UZandile. Ngo-January 1881, wayesefa uyise uConstantine.

Biography emfushane Tsiolkovsky ukhuluma umcimbi ezimbi njengale ekuphileni kwakhe, njengomlilo ngo-1887 ukuthi sone konke: amamojula, imidwebo, impahla kuluthola. Wasinda umshini wokuthunga kuphela. Lo mcimbi kwaba buhlungu asindayo aye Tsiolkovsky.

Ukuphila Kaluga: a emfushane Biography of Tsiolkovsky

Ngo 1892 wathuthela Kaluga. Lapho, nabo base behlele ngisebenze njengevolontiya elifundisa futhi geometry izibalo, zifana Astronautics okuhlanganisayo yamabhanoyi, Umhubhe eyakhelwe lapho eyalo izindiza. Kungenxa Kaluga Tsiolkovsky wabhala imisebenzi emikhulu ku isikhala biology, inkolelo-mbono ye-jet ngamandla futhi imithi, ngokulinganisa ngokuqhubeka ukusebenza imfundiso yokuziphendukela dirigible metallic. Ukuze imali yabo Tsiolkovsky wadala mayelana onobuhle izindiza ezahlukene namashumi wabalinga. izimali siqu ucwaningo uConstantine wayesesimweni akwanele, ngakho isicelo ngosizo lwezimali oluvela enhlanganweni Physico-Chemical Society, okwakuqabukela kunesidingo sokuba ngokwezimali ukusekela usosayensi yena. Landela izindaba ucwaningo yimpumelelo Tsiolkovsky namanje ukhuthaze Physico-Chemical Society ukunikeza kuye ruble 470 wachitha ososayensi ngoba kokusungulwa i Umhubhe ngcono sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza.

Ukwandisa ukunakekelwa kokutadisha Konstantin Tsiolkovsky isikhala. 1895 kwaphawulwa ukushicilelwa amabhuku Tsiolkovsky "Amaphupho we komhlaba nokwezulu", futhi ngemva konyaka, waqala umsebenzi incwadi entsha, "Isikhala ukuhlola esebenzisa injini jet," okwakucatshangwa ukuthi igxile rocket izinjini, ezokuthutha wezimpahla emkhathini futhi izici nophethiloli.

Heavy zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili

Qala, leminyaka lamashumi amabili, kwakuwukuba Constantine esindayo: ukuqhubeka ebalulekile imali ucwaningo lwesayensi akuyona esabiwe, indodana yakhe u-Ignatius wazibulala ngo-1902, ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu phezu kukazamcolo emfuleni ngenkathi ugcwalise endlini usosayensi, yabhujiswa eziningi zobuciko, izakhiwo kanye izibalo esiyingqayizivele. Kwakubonakala ngokumelene Tsiolkovsky Kwamiswa zonke izakhi bemvelo. By endleleni, ngo-2001 umkhumbi waseRussia "Konstantin Tsiolkovsky," kwaba khona umlilo onamandla ukuthi phephetha everything ngaphakathi (njengoba ngo-1887 lapho usosayensi watshisa indlu).

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Biography emfushane Tsiolkovsky uchaza ukuthi ososayensi ukuphila lubelula owaqala ngokuvukela obhekwe amandla Soviet. Russian abathandi mirovedeniya umphakathi impesheni kwabelwe kuso, cishe buyisa azibulale. Phela, ama-Socialist Academy akathathanga usosayensi ezikhundleni zayo ngo-1919, ngaleyo ndlela zimshiya ngaphandle ngamakhaya. Ngo-November 1919 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky waboshwa, wafakwa kuya Lubyanka futhi wadedelwa ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa ngenxa ngesicelo ilungu abaphezulu beqembu. Ngo-1923, ayizange ibe enye indodana - Alexander, wenza isinqumo bebodwa ukuba afe.

Ukhunjuzwe ngoKonstantin Tsiolkovsky, iziphathimandla zaseSoviet ngawo lowo nyaka, emva kokushicilelwa G. Obert - physics German - mayelana ukuya emkhathini futhi rocket izinjini. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimo kweSoviet usosayensi izimpilo zishintshile kakhulu. ubuholi Soviet wadonsela ukunaka kwabo bonke, namandla akhe, uye walungiselela izimo ezivuna umsebenzi ezinezithelo, nika impesheni siqu ukuphila.

Washona Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, ogama okutholakele baye babamba iqhaza elikhulu ukuze ukuhlola umkhathi izifundo zakhe bomdabu Kaluga Septhemba 19, 1935 umdlavuza isisu.

Izimpumelelo Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

I impumelelo esemqoka ukuthi Konstantin Tsiolkovsky - umsunguli cosmonautics - wanikela konke ukuphila kwakhe, imi kanje:

• Ukudalwa ngowokuqala kuleli zwe sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza laboratory kanye umoya Umhubhe.
• Ukuthuthukiswa izindlela sokutadisha izakhiwo sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza indiza.
• imisebenzi engaphezu kwamakhulu amane ngemfundiso yokuziphendukela rocketry.
• Sebenza lokulungisiswa kungenzeka uhambo isikhala.
• Ukudala wesifunda zakho injini ophephela.
• Isethulo umbono zamandla jet ngamandla kanye ubufakazi isidingo sokusebenzisa rocket lesikhala travel.
• Design ephethwe ibhaluni.
• Ukudala indiza imodeli metal.
• Umqondo eziqala eyakhelwe rocket esetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngesikhathi ekhona amaningi kwethulwa rocket izinhlelo.