Nikolay Gumilyov: Biography. Ukudala, neminyaka yokuphila, izithombe

Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich wazalwa ngo-1886 e Kronstadt. Uyise wayengumGreki udokotela waseMelika. yami Zonke ebuntwaneni UNikolai Gumilyov, isithombe ozokwethulwa ngezansi, owawuse-Tsarskoye Selo. Wafundiswa ezikoleni zomphakathi Petersburg kanye Tiflis. izinkondlo zakhe imbongi lokuqala Gumilev Nikolay wabhala eminyakeni eyishumi nambili. Ngokokuqala ngqá umsebenzi wakhe kuye kumagazini ka "Tiflis ishidi" lapho eseneminyaka engu-16 ubudala.

UNikolai Gumilyov. biography

Ekwindla ka-1903 umkhaya wabuyela Tsarskoye Selo. Kube imbongi esizayo eqeda ukuqeqeshwa esikoleni, ogama Umqondisi wayeseqiniseka Ann. Kodwa izinto zashintsha empilweni ka Koli ngajwayelana imisebenzi Symbolists kanye ifilosofi Nietzsche. Futhi ngo-1903 imbongi esizayo ihlangabezana yesikole Gorenko (kamuva Akhmatova). Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme ngo-1906, uNikolai Gumilyov, biography ugcwele kakhulu izenzakalo eminyakeni ezayo, waya eParis. EFrance, waya emakilasini wahlangana nezithunywa we simondzawo etemibhalo kwezobuciko.

Life ngemuva kokuphela sokuzivocavoca

Ukuqoqwa "Indlela abanqobi" isibe Umhlangano wokuqala wokunyathelisa, okuyinkampani eyethula Gumilev Nikolay. Imbongi kusaqalwa kukhona, ngandlela-thile, "iqoqo ezenzeka zisezincane," Nokho, lapho, sesivele wathola buviyoviyo ayo, kuyofikwa umfanekiso abanesibindi, lyrical, umnqobi oyedwa. Ukuba kamuva eFrance, lapho lizama ukukhipha "Sirius" magazini. Amakamelo (zokuqala ezintathu), imbongi libhalwe ngaphansi kwegama Anatoly Nika futhi ngaphansi kwegama lakhe siqu - Nikolai Gumilyov. Biography imbongi eminyakeni ezayo athakazelisa ngokukhethekile. Kufanele ukuthi, ngenkathi e Paris, wathumela izincwadi izinhlelo ezahlukene: "Rus" iphephandaba, "Ekuseni Zawo Zangaphambili", "Balance" magazini.

isikhathi avuthiwe

Ngo-1908 wakhulula iqoqo yakhe yesibili, imisebenzi okuyinto babezinikele Gorenko ( 'izinkondlo zothando "). Kusukela yaqala, futhi inkathi abavuthiwe imbongi. Bruce, wancoma incwadi yokuqala lombhali, wathi, hhayi ngaphandle injabulo, ngineminyaka engu banembile izibikezelo. 'Izinkondlo zothando "Waba nesithakazelo ngokwengeziwe ifomu, enhle nenhle. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1908, Gumilev waphindela kwelakubo. ERussia, Ufika bajwayelane abameleli lemfundo Petersburg, a umhlaziyi njalo siqala ukuvela ngo-edition iphephandaba "Inkulumo". Kamuva, liphinde Gumilyov iqala ukuphrinta imisebenzi yabo.

Ngemva kohambo oluya eMpumalanga

uhambo Okokuqala eGibhithe okwenzeka ekwindla 1908. Ngemva kwalokho, Gumilev libhaliswe Law Faculty of University enhloko-dolobha, futhi kamuva sidluliselwe Umlando kolimi. Kusukela ngo-1909 eqala asebenzayo njengenye abahleli "Apollo" magazini. Kulolu shicilelo kuze 1917. Kwakuyoba ke izinguqulo netinkondlo ezinyathelisiwe, kanye kukholomu eyodwa. Bright Gumilyov okwanele Izibuyekezo yakhe likhanyisa inqubo tetemibhalo eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Ekupheleni 1909 washiya izinyanga ezimbalwa ku-Abyssinia, kwathi esebuya wanyathelisa incwadi, "Pearl."

Life kusukela 1911

"Isitolo Izimbongi" ekwindla ka-1911 sesakhiwe, okuyinto ubonakalisiwe ukuzimela yayo kusukela kufanekisa ukudala uhlelo lwakhe ngenxa yobuhle. "I Esaphazayo" ENU wacabangela Acmeist enkondlweni yokuqala. Wawuhlanganisiwe iqoqo 1912 "Sky Alien". Ngesikhathi umbhali isivele sima siqine idumela "Syndic", "Nkosi", omunye esiphawuleka kunazo zonke izimbongi wesimanje. Ngo-1913 Gumilev waya kwengxenye yonyaka e-Afrika. Ekuqaleni Lokuqala Umhlaba Poet bavuma ngokuzithandela ukwenza phambi. Ngo-1915, "Amanothi owebutho labamahhashi" esanyatheliswa, iqoqo "umgodla". Esikhathini esifanayo, wanyathelisa yakhe ephrintiwe "Gondla", "Ingane kaNkulunkulu". Nokho, wanqotshwa imizwelo yakhe yokushisekela izwe kuzodlula ngokushesha, futhi incwadi yangasese, waqaphela ukuthi ngaye, ubuciko ingaphezu nase-Afrika, futhi impi. Ngo-1918 Gumilev ifinyelela Dispatch yayo njengengxenye Hussars emandleni expeditionary, kodwa uhlala e naseParis phambi entwasahlobo. Emuva ngawo lowo nyaka eRussia, umbhali iqala ukusebenza njengoba umhumushi, ukulungiselela oludumile Gilgamesh, izinkondlo wesiNgisi izimbongi French of "Imibhalo Yomhlaba". Incwadi "yoMlilo" kwaba elokugcina ezikhishwe UNikolai Gumilyov. Biography imbongi yaphela nge ukuboshwa kuka-1921.

Incazelo emfushane imisebenzi

Gumilyov bajoyine izincwadi Soviet njengoba imbongi osafunda symbolist Valery Bryusov. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi iqiniso uthisha wakhe kwakungu Innokentiy Annensky. Lokhu mbongi, phakathi kokunye, umqondisi kwesinye sezikole okusezingeni eliphezulu (e Tsarskoye Selo), lapho afundela khona Gumilyov. The main theme yemisebenzi yakhe kwaba umqondo wokuthobela omunye umuntu wesilisa unqobe. Hero Gumilyov - nginenhliziyo indoda onesibindi. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkondlo zakhe iba evamile. Kulokhu, uthando kombhali ngoba ubuntu engavamile futhi obuqinile. Gumilev babekholelwa ukuthi laba bantu abanjena obekungaqondiwe abavamile, ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Futhi osezithola okufanayo. Baningi impela, futhi ngokuvamile ecabanga ngokufa kwakhe, umlobi njalo owethulayo e nokubingelela ubuqhawe:

Futhi Angiyi afele embhedeni
Lapho ummeli olungisa izivumelwano kanye nodokotela,
Futhi igebe zasendle abanye,
Ziminze ivy obukhulu.

Uthando nefilosofi emavesini kamuva

Baningi impela yemisebenzi yakhe Gumilev uye enikelwe imizwa. isimilo saKhe othandweni lyric kuthatha ukubukeka ngokuphelele. Yena kungaba inkosazana kusukela inganekwane, umuntu othanda edume abadumile Dante indlovukazi kumnandi waseGibhithe. A oseceleni idlule art yakhe inkondlo Akhmatova. Naye eyayigujwa ngempela engalingani, ubuhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okufanelekelayo ukuba icebo yabo kule noveli ( "Yena", "Kusukela den Zmiyov", "Izilwane Tamer" nokunye.). izinkondlo Late Gumilyov ubonisa predilection kombhali izihloko zefilosofi. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuhlala Petrograd sethusa futhi elambile, imbongi ubekhona ekudalweni studios yabaculi abasha, njengoba ngabo uhlobo izithombe futhi uthisha. Ngaleso sikhathi, kusukela ngothi Gumilyov out eminye yemisebenzi yakhe emihle kakhulu, egcwele agumenti ngekusasa Russia, ukuphila komuntu, injongo ( "Lost tram", "I Sixth Sense", "Inkumbulo", "abafundi bami," njll).