NJENGOBA Pushkin: izinkondlo zefilosofi e imbongi

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, isihloko omunye wabalobi abanamakhono kakhulu futhi izimbongi kwekhulu XIX kuyinto NJENGOBA Pushkin. izinkondlo zefilosofi elikhona cishe ngamunye imisebenzi yakhe, nakuba kunzima kakhulu imbongi isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, nentshisekelo izihloko eziningi. Alexander wabhala izinkondlo izindikimba civil nothando masonto kwaphakamisa neminye imibuzo mayelana nobungane, phetho imbongi, wachaza ubuhle bemvelo Russian. Nokho kukho konke izinkondlo zakhe sihamba intambo nefilosofi, bakatelela umfundi ukuba acabange okuhle nokubi, injongo yokuphila babantu, ukholo futhi ukungakholwa, ukufa nokungabhubhi.

okwakhe yakhe eshaya zonke izinkondlo yefilosofi Pushkin. I izinkondlo kukhona obuseduze kakhulu, uhlamvu siqu, ngoba yonke imizwa kwakungekaNkulunkulu imbongi, wachaza imicabango yakhe siqu, okuvelayo zokuphila. Leli qiniso ehlukanisa isosha esihlatshelelwayo ka-Aleksandru ngamanye abalobi. Njengoba uthole imbongi amadala imisebenzi yakhe ziyahlukahluka, zivela incazelo ehlukile. Inkondlo ingatholakala kuka Pushkin wahlala iminyaka ezahlukene.

izinkondlo yefilosofi kwesikhathi, lapho mbongi namanje lyceum abafundi, benamandla ngomoya kumnandi. Alexander kudinga ukuzijabulisa nabangane, ukujabulela ephathini friendly futhi lutho ukuze anakekele. Ingqondo yakhe ephapheme bobusha zingatholakala enkondlweni "I Anacreon lomngcwabo", abhalwe 1815, le nkondlo "mavesi UTolstoy" (1819). Poet ushumayeza nekucitsa situnge.

Motifs zefilosofi e amazwi Pushkin kwashintsha kakhulu kule 20s. Njengazo zonke intsha esikhathini sika-Alexander wasebenzisa Romanticism. Imbongi bayahlonishwa Byron futhi uNapoleon, injongo yokuphila kwakungeyona kakade ukushiswa ongenangqondo ngokusebenzisa isikhathi iqembu friendly, kodwa impela feat. amaza wamaqhawe komphefumulo ayikwazanga ziboniswe kombhali zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo. Imisebenzi esivelele kunazo zonke ngaleso sikhathi asinikiwe ezibhekwa Elegy "ikhwezi acime", abhalwe 1820, futhi le nkondlo "Ukuze Yasolwandle" ngo-1824.

Phakathi nawo-20s kudlula crisis ngemibono ka Pushkin. izinkondlo yefilosofi kwesikhathi is hhayi benamandla romanticism, kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo iza okwangempela. Imbongi uqala ukuqaphela iqiniso elibuhlungu wokuphila, futhi scares kuye. Ebona inkinga, kodwa akaboni umgomo maqondana okufanele silwele. Encwadini yakhe ethi "Inqola wokuphila" Alexander uqhathanisa ukuphila inqola ezivamile, elidonswa amahhashi, ke uya ngaphandle kokuma, imini nobusuku, ekuqaleni kohambo kubonakala liyojabula futhi egqamile, kodwa ukuphela - ngidumele futhi amnyama. Umoya lokulwa imbongi aqhephukile ngemva kokunqotshwa kwe-Decembrists, Pushkin sangenza ngazizwa ngimlandu nakubo abangane bakhe, ngoba akakwazanga iqhaza ukuvukela umbuso tsarist.

Ngu ekupheleni 20s ezinkondlweni usukela yithemba nokuba nesizungu, ngaleso sikhathi kwadingeka Pushkin. Zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo imbongi eminyakeni isibe ezidabukisayo ukudlula, ngisho nezinhlekelele ezihlasimulisayo. Enkondlweni "Dar eziyize ezingenakusiza nezingenakophula, isipho okungahleliwe", "Elegy", "Mina azulazule emigwaqweni ophithizelayo" kunezinkinga yokufa nokuphila, umlobi ebheka khona ukuthi kuyoba ngemva kokuba uhambile kulomhlaba ofayo. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi u-Alexander waba isifiso ukufa, wayefuna baphile, ukuze anikeze abantu amakghonwabo, ukuqondisa abantu indlela efanele. Wayekholelwa yokuthi ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe uyokwazi ukuthola injabulo nokuzwana.