Literary ukuhlaziywa ODE "Felitsa". Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin ODE "Felitsa"

History of the ODE "Felitsa" Kuyathakazelisa ngoba Gabriel Derzhavin e isifiso sokujabulisa iNdlovukazi wayesekele umsebenzi wakhe wokushumayela ayo, eshicilelwe ngaphambi nje kwegazi encane. Ngokwemvelo, ngokukhazimulayo abanamakhono imbongi ndaba yaqala ukudlala imibala ezinothile, ngaphezu kwalokhu, ngokwenza umlando izinkondlo Russian isitayela esisha futhi usaziwayo imbongi.

ukuhlaziywa izinkondlo

"Felitsa" ifakwe isihlokwana ukuthi icacisa injongo ngokubhala le piece. Ithi isimemo the Hlakaniphile Princess Tatar wohlanga olukhulu azinza e Moscow, kodwa ebhizinisini Petersburg. Futhi chichtatelya zixake yokuthi Ode kusolakala yahunyushwa kusukela Arabhu. Ukuhlaziywa ODE "Felitsa" ukuqala igama akuzwakali bomdabu Russian noma ama-Arabhu.

Iqiniso lokuthi laqanjwa kanjalo Heroine yayo, uCatherine II ngo indaba yakhe kwesikhulu chlorine. Khonza njengesisekelo kulimi Italian (lapha singakhumbula onjengendodana Cutugno, zimemeza zithi "Felicita") ihumusha igama elithi Latin "Felitsa" (Felitsa - Felicitas) njengoba injabulo. Ngakho Derzhavin waqala ubuphakamisa iNdlovukazi kusukela umugqa wokuqala, bese okungelona wakwazi ukumelana futhi phezu Ihlaya asichazayo indawo yakhe.

zamagama kwezobuciko

Ukuhlaziywa ODE "Felitsa" libonisa ukufakwa ku abavamile, bamukela ngesikhathi ODE onesizotha wokudumisa kuze kube manje. Ibhalwe bendabuko strofikoy ODE - desyatistishiyami, futhi, njengoba kulindeleke, tetrameter iambic. Kodwa ngaphambi Derzhavin akekho uye okwamanje nesibindi ukuze uhlangane ezimbili okuphambene in the Okuqondiwe uhlobo - a ODE ngokubabazekayo yokudumisa ohlabayo ukubhinqa zezombusazwe.

Esokuqala kwaba i Ode to "Felitsa". Derzhavin like "Ngahlehla" e emisha lwawo, ngokwemindeni ukugcwaliseka esiqondile nemibandela uhlobo, okungenani uma ziqhathaniswa "Tinkondlo ngokuzalwa", okuyinto ngisho strofikoy ngokwahlukana. Nokho, lokhu okuvelayo ubalekela ngokushesha nje lapho umfundi kuyalinqoba mavesi ezimbalwa zokuqala. Namanje ngisho Ukwakheka ODE "Felitsa" kuyinto ebanzi lukhulu ukuze art zamagama.

Tale "Felitsa"

Kuyathakazelisa cabanga ngalokho izisusa ucelwa Derzhavin ukuqamba lesi "fan letingemaciniso", eyasebenza njengodonga isimiso esiyisisekelo lifanele ukuthi wayesezokufa ngempela yini ukuqhubeka indaba ephathwayo. Ngokusobala, Uyakufanelekela, futhi kakhulu. UCatherine II wabhala indaba yakhe umzukulu wakhe, kodwa malenky, kodwa esikhathini esizayo omkhulu Alexander I. lenani iNdlovukazi sikhuluma isikhulu Kiev chlorine, okuyinto wavakashela Kyrgyz Khan, ukuhlola ukuthi isikhulu ngempela ngakho smart futhi uhlakaniphile, njengoba besho ngaye.

Umfana bavuma ukuthatha isivivinyo futhi uthole imbali ezingavamile - rose ngaphandle ameva - futhi hit umgwaqo. Emgwaqweni, basabela esimemweni esithi Murzas Lentyaga (igama ethi), isikhulu uzama simelane nezilingo we ukunethezeka okuthuleyo, yena eyenga Lentyag. Ngenhlanhla, Zulu khan saba nendodakazi ezinhle kakhulu, ogama lakhe lalingu-Felicia, ngisho nomzukulu ezinhle kabanzi, owayebizwa ngokuthi Isizathu. Felitsa wathumela indodana yakhe kuso isikhulu, eyakhishwa ngosizo Isizathu ukuthi iyini injongo nohambo lwakhe.

Ibhuloho phakathi inganekwane futhi ODE

Kwaba intaba ngaphandle izindlela kanye izitebhisi phambi kwabo. Ngokusobala, isikhulu futhi ngokwalo kwaba ngempela esinenkani, ngoba, naphezu kwezinkinga elalibhekene owawudinga umsebenzi nokuhlolwa, kuya phezulu, wayesalokhu akhwela, lapho ehlotshisiwe ukuphila kwayo, kube-rose ngaphandle ameva, ukuthi kuyimfanelo enhle. Ukuhlaziywa ODE "Felitsa" libonisa ukuthi, njengoba kunoma yiliphi inganekwane, izithombe evamile ngendlela engokomfanekiso, kodwa Derzhavin ku izinkondlo ekuseni bathola kunzima kakhulu futhi imiklamo zonke izingeniso odic zakudala, okuyinto ngokuqinisekile ummango beya Parnassus futhi uxoxe Muses, fade olandelayo ngemifanekiso ezibonakala linesizotha zezingane inganekwane.

Ngisho isithombe Catherine (Felitsa) inikezwe ngendlela entsha ngokuphelele, okuyinto iyafana bendabuko udumo odopis. Ngokuvamile izinkondlo uhlamvu ohloniphekile livela nezithombe ezimbalwa ekhululekile lonkulunkulukazi, udwendwe ka onesizotha elichumayo imvumelwano vesi ngesibabazo kufushane okunzima umoya isigqi. Lapha imbongi ngomdlandla, futhi - okubaluleke - ifakwe amakhono senkondlo. Tinkondlo kungukuthi kheleza hhayi kufuthwe bokubanga ngokweqile. ODE uhlelo "Felitsa" wukuthi Catherine libonakala umfundi njengenhlangano ezihlakaniphile kodwa elula ukusebenza Zulu kaysatskaya inkosazana. Kufeza nokuvumelana ukwakhiwa komfanekiso futhi i-contrast - the wohlanga olukhulu isithombe, ngonya futhi avilaphe kuka Derzhavin yajabulela yonke kanye ODE. Yingakho ezihlukahlukene okungakaze kubonwe izinhlobo, okuyinto ehlukile ODE "Felitsa".

Derzhavin futhi Empress

Pose umculi zishintsha maqondana isihloko silokhu sithi, uma sicabanga hhayi kuphela zonke izincwadi odlule Russian ngisho izinkondlo of Derzhavin. Ngezinye izikhathi Ode ngaphezulu ingena abanye indlovukazi unkulunkulu-like, kodwa konke lokhu, futhi nge ukuzishaya Imininingwane okubonisa ODE "Felitsa" okuqukethwe Sibonisa ubudlelwano ezithile kanye nobudlelwane, hhayi ukwazana, kodwa ukushisa cishe nokuzwelana.

Kodwa kule imigqa satirical Derzhavin ngezinye izikhathi kuqondwe ekabili. izici sabaqashi wohlanga olukhulu chwaneka umfanekiso zonke emgqeni Catherine ezicukuthwaneni, Kulapha ukuthi imbongi akabakhohlwa yena. Avtoironiya - ngisho Eqinisweni ngaphezulu ezingavamile izinkondlo of leyo minyaka. Copyright "Mina" akulona uthando olungenayo izinkondlo, kodwa kwenza kube sobala ukuthi "Lokhu, Felicia, Ngingumfana elonakele," "Namuhla anqobe, kodwa mina ngiyisigqila whims bakusasa." Ukuvela ku ODE nombhali ethi "I" - iqiniso ongowenani elikhulu kwezobuciko. Lomonosov futhi sengiqala Ode to esithi "nga-", kodwa njengoba inceku yakhe eqotho, Derzhavin kumbhali - ukhonkolo kanye eziphilayo.

Indaba kumbhali

Yiqiniso, indlela yokwakheka izinkondlo "Felitsa" okugcwele ngeke ukusekela ubuntu kombhali. Derzhavin ngokuvamile uhambisa ngaphansi "Mina" ngomfanekiso kombhali okunemibandela avela kuye lo oculayo, ngubani ngokuvamile njalo ekhona izinkondlo kanye satires. Kodwa kunomehluko: ku ODE imbongi idlalwe kuphela injabulo engcwele, futhi ukubhinqa kuphela ukukwata. "Odnostrunnye" Derzhavin izinhlobo kuhlanganiswe Ukudalwa ephilayo man-imbongi, ngempilo ngokuphelele ezibonakalayo, ezihlukahlukene imizwa nemizwelo, nge "polychord" umculo leli vesi.

Ukuhlaziywa ODE "Felitsa" Ngokuqinisekile kumaka hhayi injabulo kuphela, kodwa futhi intukuthelo, ukuhlambalaza kanye udumo kwelinye ibhodlela. Ngokuhamba isikhathi dissemble, ukuze usini. Okungukuthi liziphatha kulo umsebenzi njengoba ngokuphelele evamile futhi umuntu ophilayo. Futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi umuntu ngamunye sinezici elingenakuphikwa ubuzwe. Esikhathini ODE! Futhi manje Esimweni esinjalo kungaba engakaze ibonwe, uma othile namuhla ukubhala izinkondlo odic.

mayelana izinhlobo

Ode "Felitsa", okuqukethwe okuyinto ecebe kangaka eziphikisanayo, efana kwelanga okufudumele wotha inkulumo ukukhanya okuxoxa engokoqobo kwansuku, ukukhanya, elula, ngezinye izikhathi wayedlala, okuyinto ngqo okuphambene nemithetho uhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekukhona uhlobo kombuso, cishe kwaba nombhikisho.

Kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi classicism Russian angazanga izinkondlo ngokuthi "inkondlo". Zonke izinkondlo ukuthi ngokuqinile ihlukaniswe izinhlobo nezinhlobo, ngokucijile eklanywe, futhi lezi imingcele babe inviolable. Ode, ukubhinqa, Elegy nezinye izinhlobo lokusungula olusankondlo ayikwazanga yayihlangana.

Lapha imikhakha yendabuko classical ngobugebengu ngokuphelele ngemva Fusion eziphilayo izinkondlo satires. Lokhu awasebenzi kuphela "Felitsa" Derzhavin bakwenza ngaphambilini kamuva. Ngokwesibonelo, ODE "On the Death of Prince Meshchersky" - isigamu Elegy. Izinhlobo kukhona polyphonic ngesandla ukukhanya Derzhavin.

impumelelo

Got ibe yimpumelelo enkulu le ODE ngokushesha emva kokushicilelwa: "Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukufunda ngesiRashiya, wayiswa e-izandla" - ngamazwi owayephila. Okokuqala Derzhavin wangabaza kabanzi ushicilele uhlelo ODE, sizame ukufihla zabhalwa (cishe ukuboniswa nabakhulu liyabonakala kakhulu babe uyaphindisela), kodwa bheka, kwakukhona Princess Dashkova kanye nohlobo "Felicia" ku "interlocutor", okuyinto ngokwayo uCatherine II akazange azigweme nokubambisana.

Empress ODE kakhulu, waze wamemeza injabulo, sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli ngokushesha adalule ubuqambi futhi ngenkathi kwenzeka, wathumela Derzhavin igolide snuffbox nge oqoshiwe futhi ducats anamakhulu mahlanu kuwo. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho imbongi wafika udumo yangempela.