Ngobani abazobe ukwakha ibhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait? Ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloho. Ibhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait

Isihloko ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho yonkana the Kerch Strait isibe efanele ikakhulukazi ngemva kwezenzakalo olunesivunguvungu zombusazwe engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2014 e-Ukraine, kwadingeka umphumela we ukubuya eCrimea kuya Russian Federation.

Kusukela umlando umbuzo

Umqondo nenshisekelo isidingo ukuxhuma ezimbili ogwini Strait of kwebhuloho ezinkulu belilokhu likhona kusukela kudala. It sabonakala ezithile zomlando. Kodwa ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait njalo lihlehliselwe lekusasa engaqinisekile ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi lobuchwepheshe kanye kwezindleko ezingokwezimali zokusetshenziswa iphrojekthi enjalo. ngqó, impendulo ingu isidingo esiphuthumayo-ke kwavela kuphela abakhona. Zonke eminyakeni eyedlule ukushushumbisa abantu nezimoto ngokugculisayo sibhekane Kerch Sea Ferry. Uvame isebenza nge-September 1954 futhi kuze kube yilolu suku. Kwakusazodlula iminyaka eyishumi ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kwakhiwa yesikhashana ibhuloho ujantshi nokuwela strait. Yena kwakubaluleke kakhulu isu ukuziphatha impi. Yakhiwa phakathi nempi yiSoviet Army zomklamo izinto abangu okulungiselelwe efunwa amaRoma German. Ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho Kerch basekela yokudla ezihlelelwe emikhulu okuhlukumezayo North eCaucasus.

Ngemva kokubuya eCrimea

Phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet emlandweni eCrimea ukugeleza eyinhloko izimpahla nabantu futhi yayihamba enhlonhlweni sesihanjiswa wesitimela ngokusebenzisa Isthmus of Perekop. Ferry yonkana Kerch Strait kwakubaluleke yesibili. Isimo yasishintsha ngemva kokubuya eCrimea eRussia. Isidingo ukwakhiwa ezinkulu kwebhuloho babesuke esiteji wokuxoxa sokwenza umsebenzi. Kube umbuzo abahlale bembuza wona mayelana ezokwakhela ibhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi Russia uhlukile liyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela yezobuchwepheshe. Futhi ukwakha kumele kube indlela masinya kangaka. Ngokumelene okwenza ngenxa yezinkinga zezombangazwe e-Ukraine, ibhuloho Strait of atholwe ukubaluleka ukhiye lonke ekuphileni kwezomnotho, inhlonhlo ye-. Umnotho eCrimea sika kusekelwe ngokuyinhloko ukukhonza izivakashi. Indlela yendabuko ngabo elihlobene ne zokuthutha umphakathi ngokusebenzisa ensimini ka-Ukraine, kwaba ngaphansi umbuzo omkhulu.

Phakathi eCrimea ne eCaucasus

Asinakusho ukuthi iphrojekthi ye kwebhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait waba ngowokuqala emhlabeni-ngezinga emlandweni ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho. On wonke, ungathola uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nezinga izakhiwo zobunjiniyela. Kodwa konke lokhu, yihambise ezejwayelekile ibhuloho Ukunqamula ngeke ingasebenzi nhlobo isifiso. Kerch Strait - akuyona indawo silula, futhi Geological, kwamanzi kanye nohlelo. Ibanga esincane phakathi kwalezi zinhlangothi zombili ilapha mayelana ayisithupha amakhilomitha. Lapho ukhetha ubunjiniyela isixazululo onjiniyela kumele acabangele eziyingozi ezithandwa ukuzamazama komhlaba we yonke indawo, izimo ice nzima e strait, eqinile imisinga yolwandle futhi Squalls njalo. isimo Stormy ezenzeka kulo moya ozungeze ejwayelekile entwasahlobo ngoba le ngxenye esifundeni. I iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ukudlula kwezithikamezo imithambo kusukela fairway strait Black Sea e Azovskoe futhi emuva.

ukuhlaziywa ongakhetha

Ngokwe eziyimbangela phakathi Juni 2014, hhayi kuphela akwaziwa ezokwakhela ibhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait, kodwa akachaziwe ukukhetha oyinhloko okufana yephrojekthi, ozofeza inkontileka. Zonke lezi ongakhetha, kukhona cishe bungamakhilomitha. Le mfuneko ebalulekile kakhulu iphrojekthi isimo iwukwenza eyodwa ukwakhiwa civil komgwaqo futhi ujantshi amabhuloho. I ethembisayo yazo zonke owethulwe ingxoxo Strait ongakhetha Ukunqamula umzila kufanele aqaphele ezimbili. Bangakwazi cishe echazwa ngokuthi "enyakatho" futhi "eningizimu". Yiqiniso, amaphrojekthi ziyahlaziywa hhayi kuphela nemingcele lobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi phezu kulindeleke value realizable.

Ngokusebenzisa Zhukovka Kerch

North inketho kuhilela ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho ku settlement Zhukovka maqondana Chushka Amathe, lapho Port Kavkaz. Uma uthi nhlá, lokhu kukhetha engcono ngoba ibanga phakathi kwalezi zinhlangothi zombili okwamanje Strait incane. Kuyinto esingaphansi amakhilomitha ayisithupha. Kodwa ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloho, nge ncazelo, kuhilela nokwenza ukuxhumana. Kodwa kulo mzila kuyindlela engcono ukuqamba akunakwenzeka, ke aliholeli ebhishi ngokwayo Krasnodar Territory, kanye emincane futhi eside eluka izingulube, ehlukanisiwe izinkomba eyinhloko ibanga elide. Ukuze wenze lokhu phrojekthi elungisisiwe kuyodingeka ukwakha izindlela ezimbili elide kakhulu ukuba ibhuloho ukusuka ogwini Caucasian nemali ukuze uqinise engazinzile ewumngcingo strip ingots kwamagoda.

ngokusebenzisa eTuzla

Leli gama ezindawo waziwa umphakathi ngokusebenzisa abezindaba. kweminyaka ethi ayibe yishumi edlule, babika emphakathini mayelana ukungqubuzana Russian-Ukraine angaphezu kuka-lokhu isigamu-esilufifi ulwandle imisinga, isiza. Namuhla, Kosa eTuzla futhi esikhungweni umphakathi njengoba endaweni ethembisayo, maduze nje uqale umsebenzi kulabo abazoya ukwakha ibhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait. Iningi nochwepheshe nalapho abanethonya ekuthathweni, bathambekele makudle umzila inketho eningizimu. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ubude ingqikithi kwebhuloho kule ndawo iyoba angathi ishumi nambili bebonke amakhilomitha. Eqinisweni, ngalo mzila ukuba zakhelwe amabhuloho amabili - eTuzla namuhla isiqhingi, futhi ukufika kulo kusukela Peninsula Taman, kubalulekile ukwakha ibhuloho Ukunqamula, i-bandwidth kanye ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe akuzona wawungaphansi core. Futhi zidinga imali enkulu umsebenzi zobunjiniyela yokuqinisa eTuzla Island. Kodwa ngisho nazo zonke ayinkimbinkimbi lobuchwepheshe eningizimu inketho umzila izindleko sakugcina ngebhajethi.

izindlela

Zonke ezinye zobunjiniyela inikeza onjiniyela izinketho kuyehla kube ukwakhiwa kuhlanganiswe yokuchofoza omunye wemizila ebekwe ezimbili ebekiwe. Ezinye zazo zinikeza ibhuloho labona emhubheni lapho kugamanxa ibanga. Amanye ayizisebenzi Umhubhe inketho kuphela wesitimela ngayo leli bhuloho. Kodwa konke lokhu kuyabiza kakhulu izindleko okucatshangelwayo. Futhi engamukeleki ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha - seismicity kwendawo kudala kuthikameze izimpilo zabantu abangase babe emhubheni ngesikhathi ukuzamazama. Ngakho-ke, ngo-inhlanganisela izimo Geological nezomnotho, layout kwebhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait ngeke zihlanganisa esigabeni Umhubhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwamukelwa version yokugcina umzila ibhuloho.

Mayelana ozokwenza ukwakha ibhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait

Ukukhetha usonkontileka ubunjiniyela grand iphrojekthi ingakamiswa Kwasetshenziswa. Kungakhathaliseki kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi abukho ukushoda uzimisele iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni isabelomali? Izindleko kwebhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait kungenziwa kuphela kunqunywa cishe. Obizwa ngokomthetho ngokuthi sibalo ruble 350 billion ukuthethwa kwecala. Bobabili nakho namazwe omhlaba kanye nokwenza Russian ekwakhiweni amaphrojekthi ezinkulu ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha kusikisela ukuthi lo msebenzi wawuqhubeka isabelomali izinhlelo bavame ukulungiswa phezulu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Russian ibhuloho-ukwakha isikole has isipiliyoni esiningi kudvweba nekwakhiwa amabhuloho eziyinkimbinkimbi, nephrojekthi lokhu ezidlula esikhathini esidlule akazange abe izakhiwo yasekhaya. ibhuloho Kerch ingaphezu kabili kwebhuloho abadumile kaMongameli phezu iVolga e Ulyanovsk, ubude 5 amakhilomitha ayi-700. Futhi isikhathi ukwakhiwa yayo nalehleliwe eqinile ngokwanele. Okwamanje, isakhiwo ekhethekile ngaphakathi enkampanini isimo "Imigwaqo Russian". It wenza imisebenzi yokwakha yekhasimende. Owinile mncintiswano ucwaningo ubunjiniyela kanye nokuthuthukiswa isisekelo lobuchwepheshe nezomnotho inkampani kuthiwe "Giprotransmost".

iqhaza Chinese

A elikhulu isipiliyoni esiwusizo ekuklanyweni nekwakhiwa kwemiklamo eziyinkimbinkimbi ingqalasizinda abe izakhiwo ubunjiniyela Chinese. Ngokwe Ubude leli lizwe esingenakuqhathaniswa emhlabeni ngonyaka wasungula kwamabhuloho kanye nemigwaqo. Abezindaba imibiko eshicilelwe kwenzalo ukubandakanywa Kusolakala ka ohlangothini China e-ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait. Lo mkhankaso ukuheha China abakhi babevela ohlangothini Russian. Sihileleke ngezinga elingakanani amaShayina kuphrojekthi engakaze kunqunywe.

isikhathi ukwakhiwa

Ukuze ukugcwaliseka libonwe yephrojekthi Russian iminyaka emine ikhishwe. ukwakhiwa kwalo kungenxa ukuqala wamanje 2014. Eyalwa ibhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait kufanele kube kungakapheli engxenyeni 2018 yesibili. Ngemva kokuzindela isikhathi ukwakhiwa kanye ukufakwa imisebenzi nakanjani kuholela ekutheni a Ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokuthandwa izindleko zalo msebenzi. Ngaphezu kwebhuloho, nhlangothi zombili Strait bazocula imali ethe umsebenzi ukwakhiwa imigwaqo kuso bese zonke izinhlobo kwengqalasizinda yobunjiniyela asizayo. Umnotho eCrimea sika luncike nokuthuma esifike into. Kerch isikebhe isiphelile izinqolobane zalo. Labo ithunyelwa eCrimea sokuphumula, cishe ngosuku emgqeni elinde isikebhe. Lesi simo ngeso elibanzi ebambezela ukugeleza izivakashi nhlonhlo.