Capital ushwele - lokhu ushwele ... dolobha eRussia

Semthethweni yaziwa nangokuthi ushwele capital - kuba indlela kwezomnotho, okuyinto, empeleni kuyinto uhlobo Isivumelwano phakathi isimo kanye nezomnotho izinhlangano noma izakhamuzi, okuvumela ukwakha ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinhlangano kusuka ekuqaleni. Impumelelo inqubo incike ezingeni ukwethembana phakathi kwezinhlangano. Semthethweni futhi engenayo kanye nempahla isimemezelo esivuna esiteji lwesikhashana. Isimo ivumela zonke izakhamuzi ukuba livumele ngokomthetho wonke umholo wabo, ngaphandle incurring yiziphi izinhlawulo noma izinhlawulo. Kulesi sakhiwo, abantu kanye nezinhlangano nethuba ukusula umlando wakho futhi ususe eziningi amaphutha. Izindlela ushwele has omningi. Semthethweni kungase kuhambisane nokukhokhwa kwentela engenayo noma alinakho. Ivunyelwe ukuziphatha parallel kwekuhlela kabusha kwezimali, noma itlhogeko, ukuxegiswa noma kokuqina amazinga we abezentela.

Amnesty ngezwe: Melika ne-Switzerland

Capital ushwele - yinqubo ngokomthetho impahla kabani umlando kuhlehlela emuva 20s kwekhulu lama-20. Ngokokuqala ngqá inqubo siphakamisiwe okwenziwa uhulumeni wase-cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela Okukhulu Kwezomnotho futhi emva ukuchithwa Ukwenqatshelwa. Kwakuthinta ngaleso sikhathi uhulumeni we Melika unikezele izakhamuzi ukubhalisa imali yabo abayithola ngokungemthetho utshwala. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani lokuqala ukuziqeqesha inqubo Switzerland. Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili sasiqhutshelwa lapha yokubhalisa inhlokodolobha sokubusa kwamaNazi.

Lo mshini ushwele, izimo zayo futhi umphumela ke ngamunye ezweni ngalinye. Kodwa okushiwo inqubo kuyehla kube isimo bentela ukuthethelelwa zonke izikweletu zawo. Lokhu ukukhuthazwa evumela uhulumeni ukuletha isabelomali isimo inani elikhulu dolobha aphume umnotho isithunzi.

Omunye impumelelo emlandweni amnesties

Ngo-2001, inani dolobha ushwele labetibambile e Kazakhstan. Wayengomunye nezinqubo yimpumelelo kakhulu ezenzeka endaweni ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union. Kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti nyanga lanikezelwa ngo 16 amabhange sabekwa abangaba yizigidi ezingu-480 zamaRandi. isiqinisekiso State uye wakuphatha ukubhujiswa amarekhodi bentela owaba nengxenye semthethweni ngokusuka kubo. Ngo parallel, izwe kuye kwanciphisa VAT ushwele mayelana 4%. intela Social kuyehla 5%. Ngakho ukuthi imali engazange ibuyiselwe ngokulala engenzi lutho, uhulumeni wakhipha izibambiso zikahulumeni ezikhethekile. Lokho kusho amnestied wasiza Kazakhstan ukuqeda imiphumela 1998 crisis.

A intuthuko entsha emnothweni Turkish

Capital ushwele - kuyinto inqubo kwezomnotho, okuyinto eyenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Isibonelo esimangalisayo sokuthi asebenze kanjani ngokomthetho indlela, kunenkolelo Turkey. Kuze kube manje, ensimini ka amnesties ezinhlanu yimpumelelo yayiqhutshelwa khona. Ngokokuqala ngqá inqubo semthethweni wethulwa 1998, owawungumnyaka inkathi ukuqala kwenkathi entsha kwezomnotho. izinsiza ezibonakalayo, ezingashabalala wangena akhawunti asebhange kungukuthi intela, futhi imvelaphi yabo akekho wayenesithakazelo. izenzo yi uhulumeni $ 20 billion ngonyaka akhawunti asebhange.

Amnesty Akuphumelelanga: Russia, Georgia ne India

Ushwele capital eRussia ngo-2007, e-India ne-Georgia babe impumelelo kancane emlandweni we semthethweni khona. Ngokwesibonelo, e-India, iziphathimandla zentela baye baba nesithakazelo umsuka dolobha ngisho ngesikhathi sikashwele, okuyinto wabavumela ekucebiseni isabelomali ngu kuphela $ 2.5 billion. Khona Ubamba iso yokuthi% 5 multi-abayizigidi ezingu-dollar ezweni kuphela abahlali intela engenayo. Inqubo efanayo eGeorgia yabakhanga abantu abayisishiyagalombili dolobha e inani ayizinkulungwane 35 zamaRandi. Endaweni ehlukile, lapho-ke ungasho mayelana eRussia, lapho izakhamuzi nezinhlangano ibhizinisi ucele zivunyelwe inzuzo yabo ngokukhokha 13 kuphela amaphesenti angu yentela ngemali engenayo. Impendulo evela emphakathini ngakho ukulinda futhi kuhlulekile.

Imfihlo yempumelelo ushwele?

Amnesty ezezimali kumele kuhambisane nohlaka eqinile zomthetho, okuyinto ngeshwa alikho eRussia. Noma iyiphi iphrojekthi kufanele ezahamba ngayo ngokuningiliziwe futhi ikhumbule zonke izithakazelo osomabhizinisi, osomabhizinisi kanye nabantu nje. Emlandweni inqubo ngempumelelo dolobha semthethweni zihambisane zikhathi ezibalulekile:

• Ukukhululwa kubahlanganyeli project ekutheni ukufaka amaphepha entela kanye ukukhokha isikweleti intela.
• Kusho izimali ayidingekile.
• Ukuqedwa ephelele yamarekhodi yesikweletu intela Foam maqondana inhlawulo amafa.
• ubumfihlo ulwazi ohlangothini ukunyakaza kwempahla emagunyeni intela kanye nezinye izinhlaka zokulawula.
• Zonke izimali noma impahla ukuba zifakwe kwifomu isimemezelo ku engenayo kuzoqoshwa ngokusebenzisa izikhungo ekhethekile. Imininingwane amasevisi intela izoba yimfihlo.

izimo ushwele ezikhangayo umphumela elikhulu kumele sihambisane kokuqina izinhlawulo ngenxa yokwephula imithetho yentela. Kungaba njengoba ekuthathweni kwempahla, futhi ukwandisa izinhlawulo.

Ushwele capital eRussia ngo-2015

uhulumeni waseRussia ekuqaleni kuka-December 2014 waqala okugcina izingxoxo asebenzayo ukubamba ushwele capital. Umbuzo esikhathini esizayo kuzothinta hhayi kuphela abantu bakwazi ukuphunyula izintela, kodwa futhi nalabo abaye benza isigaba ezithile zobugebengu zezimali. Naphezu zokungabaza okuvela emphakathini, kusho uhulumeni ngoba Russian dolobha ushwele - ke yithuba ukusiza izakhamuzi zabo ocebile, ngubani, ngenxa unswinyo kusukela West, ababhekene izimo ezithile imali yabo kwamanye amazwe. Ngokusho Putin, lokhu isilinganiso be okuzithandela kanye kuzokwenza ukuphila kube lula ukuze amaRashiya amaningi "namandla". Ngokusho ochwepheshe, isimo somnotho wezwe kuyoba isisekelo esinamandla futhi imfuneko iqiniso lokuthi ngokomthetho waphinda nje kuhlulekile.

Eziphikisanayo umthetho Russian

ushwele enwetshiwe, okuyinto kulindeleke ukuba kwenzeke ngo-May 9, 2015, akusho okwamanje ukuqinisa okuthembekile zomthetho. Kunemibiko ukuthi inqubo ezihlongozwayo Okokuthola ngokuphelele nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze silwe zemali. Ukuzama ukulondoloza isimo, umongameli uyaqhubeka ethembisa izinguquko ezinkulu imithetho ukuthi ingangqubuzani nemithetho FATF. Kuze kube manje, ukuze uMongameli iphrezethe izikweletu ezimbalwa, kodwa ngamunye wabo asikho isiqinisekiso mayelana nokuphepha kwabantu, obani abayoba izimo semthethweni. Kuyaphawuleka futhi isikhathi ukuthi nezakhamuzi ezicebile Russian phesheya vyvezshie inhloko-dolobha yabo, qhubeka kancane ukutshala kumnotho wasekhaya ezicashe ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle. Bona bangabezwe; nandaba ushwele zezimali ezifana ukunikeza iphakethe ezithile izinzuzo kuze kube manje, alukwazi.

Kungani i-Amnesty eRussia ungase behluleka?

Ukuhlomula ngokwezezimali kanye credit ushwele eRussia has a chance aphansi kakhulu okuphumelela. Isizathu esiyinhloko isibikezelo esidumazayo itholakala ukungabethembi izinqumo uhulumeni okusolwa ukuthi okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa izimpilo zezakhamuzi zawo. Ngenxa uhulumeni kanye okokuqandisa Khrushchev, izibopho kukaStalin, futhi Pavlov kabusha wayencisha labantu ukonga, engakabi bawunikela ukwenza imali esidlule izinzuzo. Isiqinisekiso sokuthi lokho eminyakeni embalwa kamuva amandla ngokuphelele ukushintsha isinqumo Amnesty abanikazi dolobha, alikho. abezokuphepha zizogcinwa kuze kube isikhathi lapho umongameli wamanje isimo kuyoba Putin kuphela. Capital ushwele akuyona ezikhangayo kakhulu futhi ngenxa yokuthi le komthetho iyunithi izwe kakhulu okungenani elonakele. Uma abantu abaku zizokumemezela uma banayo esiningi dolobha, bayoba ngowokuqala ahlaselwa. Uhulumeni ayikwazi ukukunikeza ezingeni ehloniphekile yokuvikela ebugebengwini. Kunengozi okusezingeni eliphezulu ezingase inhlokodolobha amnestied bavinjelwe ezifundeni angaphandle.

Umlando amnesties kuhlulekile eRussia

Active ingxoxo deofshorizatsii kwezamabhizinisi futhi uhulumeni imibuthano awushintshanga yokuthi umthetho emnothweni ushwele okwamanje futhi kungamukelwa futhi yavunyelwa. kugada Solid zomthetho abantu abanquma iqhaza ushwele, akekho ukunikeza cha. Emlandweni isimo isivele kuba khona uhulumeni kwakudingeka abhekane nesimiso zingqinamba, okungukuthi kusukela umsebenzi omubi okwenziwayo emkhakheni komthetho. Ngakho, ngo-1993, ngemva kushaywe a ushwele intela, umsebenzi Nike laligujwa kanye labantu. Abantu wenqaba zivimbele emthwalweni ngenxa yokungakhokhi kwezintela ngokwenza bonke kweletu nesabelomali isimo. Igagasi lesibili ka amnesties - Kutama zivunyelwe impahla kanye engenayo ngowezi-2002. Lo mthethosivivinywa, owawungumnyaka ukuqinisekisa izinhlelo uhulumeni, futhi ngeke bashiywe ngaphandle abangaphumelelanga. Isigaba sesithathu - kuyinto esikweletu sentela ushwele, eyaqala ngo-2007. UHulumeni engafuni ukufunda emaphutheni bese ulandela nakho ngempumelelo kwamanye amazwe.

Yini entulekayo okwesikhathi ushwele kazwelonke yimpumelelo?

I ethile eyinhloko oluzayo ushwele kazwelonke - ke ukwehluleka isimo sika ukunikeza iziqinisekiso nokuvikeleka ngayinye umhlanganyeli. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuhlolwe emelelwa ezingaphezu kwesisodwa Bill, lokhu isici kunoma imiphi kuyo awacatshangwa ngokuningiliziwe. ukushukuma lwezezimali, azwakalisa oda nokukhokhwa kwentela (2.5% we dolobha wabuya), kwagcizelela ngokungabi yemfanelo zokwahlulela zokuphatha. Inkinga wukuthi bentela ziyophoqeleka ukuba bahlanganyele self ekubalweni le ntela ngesilinganiso esingu-2.5%, okungase kubangele ezinye ngokuphazamiseka.

amaphutha amancane

Ngamunye ukuzithoba imithetho akukho iphuzu ezifana semthethweni dolobha, ekhishwe kumuntu wesithathu. It is hhayi enikeziwe ngokwethula i-data esekhadini ingcebo nezinye izimpahla kwifomu isimemezelo imali evela kumuntu wesithathu. Alukho uhlu ecacile izihloko, owawuthi umuntu bayokhululwa isithiyo. Akucacisiwe zikhathi mayelana nokushushiswa abantu ababenze ngaphambili ubugebengu intela.

Soft Inqubomgomo nokubambisana - ithuba aphumelele

Isimo ezinzima zomnotho ngaphansi Uhulumeni kungaba kuwufanele indlela abaqotho ukuba abantu abahlose sithathe izimo semthethweni. Ungakwazi ukuxoxa kokukhipha imfuneko ukuze uthumele imali yabo ensimini eRussia, okuyinto manje sesimweni esingcono kakhulu. Njengoba inketho, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele ukwehluleka ukuhambisana intela kanye nezinye izibopho ngaphansi dolobha. Kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukwenqaba izimangalo mayelana nesidingo sokuthembela ukutshala ukuthengwa izibambiso noma umnotho isimo. Kulinganiselwa wokulungiselela, le semthethweni zizokwenzeka Mashi. Okwamanje ejensi uyasebenza futhi ihlele ukuqeda zonke amaphutha inqubo langempela ezihlongozwayo.