Turkmenistan: lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila. Turkmenistan ngemehlo sowezizwe

Turkmenistan - ezweni ukuthi 90-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka, ngemva kokuwa, kwaba indlela nzima. Okokuqala kwaba ukubhujiswa, ngemva kwayo kwaba khona isikhathi kumiswa kancane kancane. Turkmenistan, lizinga lapho ukuphila namanje abampofu, basungula kancane. I indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa abantu inqubo. Omunye Republic aqala Declaration Yobukhosi. Ngo-1995, i-State akathathi hlangothi.

Inqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kumiswa

Eyishumi yokuqala khona ezimele Turkmenia ophasiswe izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukwa ekhona ngaphambi kwenkathi evelele.

Konke lokhu ukuphelisa ituthuko engakalungi ababehamba yokuntuleka wezokuThuthukiswa koMnotho nge sihambisana ukuntshontshwa zezimboni, izindawo ezivikela kanti amandla wemboni. Ukuphila Turkmenistan kule nkathi kwakunzima ngenxa yezinkinga ngisho ukuhanjiswa amandla nempahla, ephelezelwa izenzakalo olunegazi futhi fratricidal.

Izinto nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho

Turkmenistan, izinga lokuphila lapho uvukile kakhulu sibonga ukuphikelela nokukhuthala abantu, wakwazi ukumisa izinqubo elimazayo emnothweni.

Turkmenistan kunemivuzo endowed uNkulunkulu endaweni. Izici zako - sezulu, uwoyela negesi Amasimu libalele futhi efudumele. Izwe libhekene uhlobo avaliwe umnotho, kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle is kwahilela emkhakheni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Turkmenistan is ngokwendawo angavalelwa isikhala, alinaso esidayisa olwandle Uzungezwe yinhlangano uthi lapho isimo sezombangazwe ngokuvamile ebambezela ukunwetshwa igesi amapayipi. Futhi-ke, abantu abanamakhono, olandelanayo Oriental ngokuya yezombangazwe, kodwa konke lokho kuyinto.

Lezi zici ziye zaba nomthelela ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe, okuyilezi:

• a wemboni yesimanje wezolimo angakhiqiza ngonyaka mayelana amathani ayizigidi ezimbili kakolweni ukotini okuningi;
• imishini imboni lehlanganisa tinhlelo izitshalo ezintsha ukubhekisiswa ukotini iluhlaza noma ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi;
• e umkhakha ukukhanya, imboni entsha jeans izindwangu ukotini;
• lamafutha Turkmen kanye zokugcoba High-octane uphethiloli ekhiqizwa lapho kuhluzwa khona uwoyela yesimanje;
• sibonga supply yonyaka yokukhipha igesi yemvelo namafutha umkhakha imbozwe ngokugcwele isidingo Turkmenistan materials amandla.

Turkmenistan ngemehlo sowezizwe

Umuntu oye belingekho isikhashana kuleli zwe, sithinta cishe zonke Turkmen. Ngakho, ngesivinini esikhulu siguqule landscape, izakhiwo, kanye nengqalasizinda yezwe lilonke nemizi yalo ngabanye. Wazilandela ngokunembile ijubane Amazing ku ukwakhiwa entsha izakhiwo ephezulu liphumele, amachibi okubhukuda, izibhedlela, imigwaqo emikhulu, amahholo amakhonsathi, izinkantolo tennis, izindawo zamabhizinisi, amahhotela, ezinkundleni zemidlalo kanye amahle Ashgabat sezindiza lemabula ingilazi.

Umnotho we Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan Modern, ezingeni yabo yokuphila ngcono kakhulu, ebonakala enokuthula kutepolitiki. Izinga eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kusiza ukwakha efudumele utshalomali sezulu. Ngenxa yalokho - ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuthuthukisweni izinkampani Turkmenistan sika lokwakha labantu bezizwe eziningi.

Umnotho Turkmenistan sika ethuthuka ngempumelelo sibonga ukutshalwa abalulekile zimali angaphandle e amandla kanye nezimboni extractive.

Esikhathini esifushane yesikhathi ezweni uye savela base eluhlaza impahla esimweni ithuthuka ngokushesha. Umnotho wanamuhla we Turkmenistan kuqinisekisa uzibuse. Lesi simo is abatelekile ngenxa yokuthula kwayo lapho sihamba emigwaqweni nalapho izinguquko eziyokusiza zangaphandle.

Namuhla, Turkmenistan (lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila abantu) zibalwa kuqala phakathi amazwe Asia Ephakathi kanye CIS. Labantu likwazi ukufinyelela isisetshenziswa khulula: usawoti, igesi, amanzi kanye ukukhanya. Ezingeni eyanele ukuthuthukiswa emoyeni izixhumanisi phakathi emizini Turkmenistan.

The main izinkomba komnotho omkhulu

International Monetary Fund e 2015 kulindeleke ukuba wenqabe e nokukhula kwe-GDP-9% (lolu lwazi lutholakala ku-website esemthethweni ye-IMF).

Njengoba kushiwo kule ukukhululwa press, ngo-2014 Turkmenistan eqoshiwe nokukhula kwe-GDP ka 10.3%. Kulokhu, umnotho isimo yaqhubeka kuqhathaniswa 'azithathe ukuze uthuthumele ahlukahlukene emakethe lesifunda. Ukuphila okunjalo e Turkmenistan lwenziwe Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba ukuthekelisa asebenzayo we hydrocarbon izinsiza kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali zomphakathi.

Ukuncipha kulindeleke e-GDP ngonyaka lamanje ngokwentando IMF kuyoba ngenxa ukuncishiswa izimali nokukhishwa igesi yemvelo, kanye nokuncipha utshalomali zomphakathi isihlobo okhandwa.

Naphezu ukwehla yakamuva lwemali kazwelonke, izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali kulindeleke ekupheleni konyaka kuyoba azungeze 6.5% (isilinganiso Turkmenistan - 7.5%). Lesi simo sizokwazi ngenxa okwalandela global amanani ukudla ekwindla kanye ukwanda kwe-dollar.

Ukuphila Turkmenistan kwezinye izizwe

Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka ka 2003 wabonisa ukuthi Turkmens bakha% 85 kuphela abantu sebebonke isimo, asele 15% - bezinye izizwe.

Ake sicabangele ukuphila Russian e Turkmenistan. Ngakho, bonke okufanayo ngo-2003 isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi eMoscow Ashgabat, owawuthi "Gazprom" uqalile sokuthola "Turkmenneftegaz" igesi yemvelo kuze 2028. Nokho, lowo nyaka ngoba Turkmenistan kuyinto ekunqanyulweni abalulekile yesivumelwano ngo-1993, ngaphansi okumele uMbuso unilaterally unqamule ithuba izakhamuzi ezimbili. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu Eqinisweni, Embassy Russian ikhiphe ipasipoti Russia futhi kamuva ngo-2003, yachaza ukuthi yokuntuleka kuciniswa Protocol yiphalamende Russian.

Ngo-2013, isimo saba sibi kakhulu njengoba kwebhaxa ekushintsheni passport imodeli ubudala kuhulumeni entsha Turkmenistan "amawele" bacelwe ukuba balahle yimuphi omunye ubuzwe ngaphandle Turkmenistan. Le nkinga ingakasombululeki kuze kube yilolu suku.

Izinga lokuphila Turkmenistan namuhla

Izinga zokuphila kwanamuhla kuleli zwe eminyakeni yamuva ikhuphuke kakhulu, futhi kuqinisekiswa ukuhlaziya le nkomba ngesibonelo inhlokodolobha - Ashgabat. Ngakho, impendulo yombuzo othi "Ingabe kube lula ukuhlala kuyo Turkmenistan?" Ingabe inani elikhulayo izimoto emigwaqweni, kanye omakhalekhukhwini ezibizayo zabahlali.

Ukuze abantu abavamile, agumenti ezinjalo kungase kubonakale kancane zabangenacala. Nokho, osomnotho bakwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi inhlalakahle labantu yiliphi izwe kungaba kuphela zenzeke lapho nokukhula kwe-GDP, kwenyuka kwemali lengenako. Kulokhu, umuntu ovamile ligxile amanani imikhiqizo ezisebusweni esitolo emashalofini kuphela. Ngokusekelwe kulezi izingxenye, singasho sithi indinganiso isilinganiso abahlala Turkmenistan baba ephakeme.

PRIORITIES ukuthuthukiswa

Ukuze iziqinisekiso okuqinile nomphakathi for labantu, okuyizinto asisekelo sekutfutfukisa imisebenzi kwezomnotho, kanye ubunikazi eminye ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila Turkmenistan kufanele inikezwe. Kufanele uqhubeke izinguquko yasebhange, isikweletu kanye neluhlelo lwetimali isimo, wadala izimo ezikahle kakhulu ukuvikelwa kanye ababasekelayo sabantu.

Eyishumi yokuqala ngekhulu xxi ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kuleli zwe ngenxa isidingo siphotfule umtsetfo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa izindlela ezintsha ngokuphelele ukuba isiqondiso emkhakheni wezomthetho ubudlelwane kwezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, umthetho lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako e iziqondiso ezilandelayo.

Ukuthuthukisa zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele

Lona isiqondiso kuqala, okuyinto yokuqinisa ukuthuthukisa umnotho emakethe. Enye yezindawo eyinhloko kwaqedwa umnotho block kwaba ukuthuthukiswa komthetho omusha, elinikeza isizinda wezomthetho commercial (ibhizinisi) imisebenzi. Lokhu isimo kuyimfuneko izinqubo zomthetho futhi zokulawula okwalandela ukudala umsebenzi izinhlangano. Indawo ebalulekile phakathi kwabo kuhlala ibhizinisi.

nomthetho yentela, sphere yemali mali

Lona endaweni yesibili yokuthuthukisa zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele. Uhlaka lomthetho yesimanje kuyahluka nokuqina ezithile, futhi ulawula ubudlelwane ohlelweni wezimali ka wonke umbuso. Umnqopho we le nqubo kumele anikwe lwekwenta ncono kusebenta kahle isabelomali state njengoba komnotho omkhulu ukuphathwa ezosetshenziswa umnotho wezwe.

Impumelelo inqubomgomo yentela incike ohlelweni intela kahulumeni. Isimiso eziyinhloko zomsebenzi zomthetho - nokuqoshwa ka yonke intela nohlaka lomthetho, okuyinto okumele Turkmenistan namuhla. ukuphila Academic kule kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ngcono umthetho jikelele. Ngakho, esekelwe ngesifundo esihleliwe izintela ezahlukene kanye nezimali, kanye nezindlela kanye namafomu ukuqinisekisa inkokhelo yabo isabelomali, kufanele athuthukiswe futhi umthetho uhlelo iyunifomu kumiswa, iqoqo nokuvunywa zonke izinkokhelo edingekayo.

WokuLawula imisebenzi emikhakheni ngabanye komnotho

Lokhu isiqondiso lesithathu e ukubaluleka futhi kufanele abe nesandla isiqondiso wezomthetho imisebenzi eyenziwa nakweminye imikhakha ethile, ingenye yezindawo eziyinhloko e-isakhiwo kwezomnotho of Turkmenistan lonke.

Ngenxa kwekuhlela kabusha tekuhlalisana kutemnotfo kanye nezinguquko kuyofezwa ekuthuthukiseni kakhulu ezifana imikhakha yezomnotho: zezolimo, amandla kanye embonini yezokwakha. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka kuleli cala, bayakhohlwa yendwangu umkhakha, ukwakhiwa, ezokuthutha nezokuxhumana.

Efingqa impahla, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi Turkmenistan wakwazi ukuba nginqobe ubunzima esavela ngemva kokuwa Union, hhayi kuphela ukunqoba le nkinga esibhekene nayo, kodwa futhi ukuthatha indlela ukuthuthukiswa komnotho.