Umthetho osemqoka wezomnotho ibhizinisi: ifomula. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umthetho osemqoka komnotho?

Umthetho osemqoka - kuba Maxim zokuziphatha, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa isidingo reciprocity e ubudlelwane bala mazwe. Ingqikithi Its ilula: kufanele uphathe abantu ngendlela ofuna ukuze baziphathe ngakuwe. Umthetho osemqoka komnotho libizwa nezimiso eziyisisekelo eziyimbangela yokuhlupheka ukusetshenziswa. izindleko Running kufanele imbozwe intela nemalimboleko kufanele senze utshalomali kuphela ikusasa elingcono. Sisebenzisa lesi simiso ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngidinga isikhathi sokucabanga phambi ngokuzayo ukuthatha smartphone entsha ngesikweletu. Ukuze ukuba singenzi amaphutha ezinjalo, ake sibheke lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umthetho osemqoka wezomnotho.

incazelo Original zefilosofi

Ngaphambi siya ku kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi umthetho osemqoka wezomnotho, cabanga umqondo ngomqondo yalo ebanzi. UMthetho Wegolide, noma isimiso sokuziphatha ka reciprocity - kuba Maxim zokuziphatha noma isimiso, esizibonakalisa ngesimo isici emihle noma emibi:

• Wonke umuntu kumele baziphathe ngendlela afuna ukuba aphathe kuye. Lomgomo ungaboniswa unalo noma ifomu eqinile.
• Omunye akudingeki ukuba siziphathe njengabancane akafuni abanye basuke bemhlonipha. Lubonakaliswa ifomu angemahle noma ezimba.

Kulula uqaphele ukuthi ukuqaliswa inguqulo omuhle iziqondiso kunzima kakhulu kangakanani kwansuku ekuphileni. Umthetho osemqoka ngale ndlela ikhuthaza abantu ukuba ningabi nje kuphela ungazinaki izidingo zabanye, kodwa futhi nabo izinzuzo, kanye ukusekela kwabo.

enkolweni

Umqondo, okuthiwa umthetho osemqoka komnotho kusenhliziyweni ubuKristu, ubuSulumane, ubuHindu nobuBuddha. Umqondo siqala eGibhithe lasendulo. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Maat," futhi kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala emlandweni umlinyana obucacile (2040-1650 GG. BC. E.). It okokuqala sibhekene lesivikelo omuhle kamuva ayezoba ingxenye Wegolide. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kamuva waseGibhithe lasendulo (664-323 BC. E.) Ngo-papyrus sabhalwa ezingekho engxenyeni yesibili sisuke sicabanga namuhla isimiso zokuziphatha.

incazelo yesimanje

Igama elithi "umthetho osemqoka" isibe ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 eBrithani, isibonelo, butholakala umsebenzi Charles Gibbon. Namuhla butholakala cishe yonke inkolo kanye lemikhuba zokuziphatha. Umthetho osemqoka zingachazwa ngefilosofi, Psychology, kwabantu nakwezomnotho. Ngokuyisisekelo Konke kuya ikhono ukuzwelana nokuqonda abantu emhlabeni umuntu. Richard Swift bathi uma umthetho osemqoka semnotfo unganelisekile, khona-ke kukhombisa ukwehla isimo (umphakathi). Manje cabanga ngokuqondile yini umqondo inikezwe.

Umthetho osemqoka kwezamabhizinisi ezomnotho

State - iyinhlangano enkulu. Empeleni, ama-apharathasi emaphakathi kwamandla kanye nokuzibusa wendawo - abaphathi bayo. Yini kubhekwa umthetho osemqoka komnotho, ebonakaliswa wonke ukusebenza abantu kwezebhizinisi. Yilesi isisekelo okuthiwa ngokwethembeka ukwenza izinto. Noma yimuphi inkampani kumele usebenzise izimali zawo siqu izidingo sayo samanje. Yiqiniso, ungakwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa lokhu kuzoletha umphumela wangaleso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukubolekisa avunyelwe kuphela njengenhlangano kusisa kusakhiwonchanti, ucwaningo kanye nezinye amaphrojekthi. ukubolekisa ezinjalo kuphela abayozuza izizukulwane ezizayo. Umthetho osemqoka komnotho, ifomula zazo lisanda kuxoxwa, isisekelo silinganisa US isabelomali izinhlelo. Abanye ochwepheshe baze bathi kufanele lisetshenziswe futhi ngesikhathi recessions. Uhulumeni kumele iwukunciphisa isethi etholakalayo kubo nemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle. Kodwa akukhona ukuthi le nkathi yokulindela umjikelezo ibhizinisi bayadingeka kakhulu ngabantu abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile?

Izici inqubomgomo ngempumelelo kwezimali

Umthetho osemqoka we amabhizinisi umnotfo kumele benze umhlahlandlela sokuthuthukisa isu hhayi kuphela umuntu wenhlangano. Ukubaluleka kwalesi simiso futhi inqubomgomo yentela kwanoma yiliphi ilizwe. Uthi loans uhulumeni kumele zisetshenziswe kuphela utshalomali, hhayi ukuze athole imali ukusetshenziswa zamanje. Ngakho-ke, umthetho osemqoka - kuyisisekelo ibhajethi olinganiselayo. ukuzinza isimo incike ratio usayizi kukahulumeni imali kazwelonke. Incazelo Wegolide inqubomgomo yentela iqukethwe theory komnotho omkhulu. Ukwenyuka kwemali uhulumeni kuholela ekwandeni e kwenzalo ekhokhelwa izimali, okuyinto kunciphisa inani lotshalo mali emnothweni.

I enhle lokonga

Ngesisekelo umnotho - kuba zavela kancane kancane. Umthetho osemqoka uthi ilungelo izinga lokonga, okuyinto ikhulisa ezingeni njalo ukusetshenziswa noma inikeza ukukhula yakamuva. Ngokwesibonelo, isetshenziswa imodeli Solow. Futhi, umqondo ingatholakala ngomsebenzi kaJohane von Neumann futhi Alle Morisa. Nokho, okokuqala igama elithi "i-golden umthetho lokonga" lalisetshenziswa Edmund Phelps ngo-1961.

Isicelo imithetho emazweni ahlukahlukene

Ngo-1997, khona-ke-Shansela ye-United Kingdom Treasury Gordon Braun yamemezela isisekelo Ibhajethi entsha. Ngakho "umthetho osemqoka" ngesandla ukukhanya we Labour Party isikhathi eside eziphendulwa umoya zaqala ukusetshenziswa osopolitiki British. Ngo-2009, ukuze esikhundleni umthetho osemqoka e-UK wafika isimiso utshalomali esimeme. State zokweboleka unyaka ngamunye akufanele idlule 40% efanelwe it kweSamba soMkhiqizo.

EJalimane ngo-2009, ngokuphambene, abe isichibiyelo ngokomthethosisekelo silinganisa isabelomali. It yakhelwe "bese wehlisa ijubane" ukukhula ezikweletini. Reform kumele iqale kudala njengoba 2016. E-Fulansi, webhajethi onokulinganisela 2011, ezathi endlini encane ephalamende. Nokho, ongakabi sacala kusebenta ngoba inqubo ukuchibiyela umthethosisekelo awukapheli. Spanish iSigele ezathi aziwuthandi ukusungulwa ukulinganiselwa kusilela kwesakhiwo. Lesi sichibiyelo uMtsetfosisekelo ngeke sesingasebenza ngo-2020. E-Italy, isibopho ibhajethi onokulinganisela amandla kusukela 2014.

Ngakho, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi umthetho osemqoka emnothweni - akusiyo nje umqondo theory, kodwa futhi ngempela yimpumelelo simiso esiwusizo, okuyinto manje isetjenziswa emazweni amaningi athuthukile.