Isizinda yemali

Cash okungukuthi ngaphandle simiso amabhange, kanye izinqolobane of ngamabhange, okuyinto lilondolozwe vaults we Central, ibizwa ngokuthi base yemali.

Cash - iyingxenye oqondile supply imali futhi zigcine yasebhange nomthelela ikhono ngayinye amabhange ukudala ezifakwa entsha, ngaleyo ndlela kwande supply imali. Central Bank uyakwazi ukulawula supply imali ngokuyinhloko inqamula ithonya isizinda yemali. ushintsho Its nigqoke imali supply Okuphindaphinda umphumela.

Ngenxa yalokho, inqubo ushintsho supply imali zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili:

1. Ekuqaleni, base ngezimali is Ushintshe ngokwenza izinguquko kwezibopho Central Bank amabhange kanye isimiso sabantu (umthelela ubukhulu imithombo yemali).
2. Esinye ushintsho supply imali ngenqubo Okuphindaphinda phakathi ngamabhange. Futhi base yemali kanye Okuphindaphinda kuyinto amenable ukuba yemali Inqubomgomo amathuluzi.

Ukuze izinhlelo yesimanje yemali zinezikhathi i ukwenza imisebenzi yabo kuphela uma usekelo lemali elilungile zemali in kwegazi (ohambelana nezidingo zomnotho). A inquma lizinga futhi ilawula ukukhululwa kwe-zemali in kwegazi Central Bank.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izinkomba ezokwenza baveze supply imali:

1. Imali - konke imali yomnotho kazwelonke, okuyizinto kwegazi, kokubili imali kanye cashless amafomu. umthamo wayo kuthonywa izici eziningi: ivolumu GDP kanye nezinga lokukhula kwezomnotho, isakhiwo emakethe ezezimali kanye esikweletu uhlelo yasebhange kanye nezinga labo ukuthuthukiswa, isilinganiso non-cash futhi imali kunyatheliswa imali, umgomo wezimali, yezezimali yezwe, izinga lapho ikheli imali, ibhalansi kazwelonke izinkokhelo kanye nokunye okufana nalokho.
2. I yemali base - elithile komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali isimo, okuyinto esetshenziswa ukubala supply imali. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakukhona okuthiwa "izinga legolide" - wukuqinisekisa yonke imali ezweni legolide. Khona-ke, base yemali zazilingana ivolumu yegolide.
   Manje isimo saphela ukunikeza zezimali zabo zegolide, owethulwa nomqondo Fiat igolide credit. "Isizinda Monetary" imiqondo washintsha futhi ukubaluleka uqobo. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, amathuluzi ezifakwe kuleli isitokwe empeleni ukuthi asetshenziswe ngamabhange deku imali eyengeziwe ngoba impatho. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izincwadi kwezomnotho entshonalanga libhekisela izimali ezakha base yemali CB, - "yamandla aphezulu imali".

Iyini indima supply imali futhi base yemali enhlanganweni yemali kwegazi yezwe?

Kuyinto elula ukuba sicabangele lo mbuzo, abalingisa Central Bank-balance sheet. Okubekiwe futhi amanothi ngamabhange, okuyinto agcinwa Central Bank, base yemali futhi, eqinisweni, izikweletu zemali etholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo Central Bank, ngakho-ke, kukhonjisiwe izikweletu zalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zingabantu umthombo CB.

ukusatshalaliswa kwezinsiza kubonakala Bank yefa. Ngokucacile lwefa yayo ukuthengiselana kuwukuthi uba umbolekisi kuphela ngamabhange futhi uhulumeni wombuso. Lapho Central Bank ikhipha lezi ababoleka, kuba loan, ngokuyisisekelo Loans emnothweni.

Umthamo imali langempela ayesekhona ababhekene nazo emazweni asethuthukile mncane impela futhi kuphela amaphesenti ambalwa ngokuhlobene Imininingwane imali ukuthengisela, kodwa yemali base amanothi sinefu elikhulu isisindo ethize , futhi ngenxa yalokho, kukhona emazweni amaningi lube umthombo oyinhloko nomnotho Central Bank.

IBhange sehlukaniswe ezisalayo kanye wokweshumi. inqolobane okuphoqelekile ngamabhange sibambelela Central Bank ngesicelo yayo, futhi ngokweqile uwedwa. Kodwa labo nabanye futhi ebalulekile base yemali.