Uyini ukwakhiwa capital? Into ukwakhiwa inhlokodolobha

Ukuze izakhamuzi futhi isimo sisonke kuyaphawuleka kulungiswe nokwakhiwa, muva nje eye aluthola wokuphuthuma ekhethekile. Kuwufanele kokuhlola kabanzi umqondo futhi ukujwayelana izici zayo.

Umqondo ukwakhiwa dolobha kanye capital ukutshalwa kwezimali

ukwakhiwa Capital kuyinto umsebenzi zikahulumeni, izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye izakhamuzi, okuhloswe ngalo ukudalwa amafa amasha fixed kokusetshenziswa ezimbonini, zamabhizinisi kanye, kanye sesimanje insiza endala. It kungenziwa ngokuthi omunye amagatsha ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhiqiza impahla ezweni kanye asisekelo sekutfutfukisa kwemikhakha eyehlukene yomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhonza njengelungu umthombo ukuveza ukunwetshwa.

Ukuze ukwakhiwa dolobha Lingase lihlanganise imisebenzi ukuqaliswa imibhalo project, umklamo kanye inhlolovo imisebenzi, okuyinto ayadingeka ukufakwa efanele futhi ukwakhiwa.

Kusisa kukhona izindleko lapho siqondiswa ukuba Expanded kabusha kwezimali ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi. Bahlanganisa imali esichithwa:

• ukuthengwa amathuluzi, imishini nemishini;
• izakhiwo izindleko, imikhiqizo kanye izinto;
• inkokhelo yokwakha kanye ukufakwa kwemisebenzi;
• nezinye izindleko.

Izindleko kungafaka yokufuna kwezimoto, imishini kwalungisa nokunye.

Umqondo wokwakha wokwakha

Ukwakha iqoqo wokwakha, ukwakhiwa ehlelelwe umhla noma kakade seluqalile. Kulokhu, kukhona eyodwa project kodwa kunemidanti engenziwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene lapho kwakwakhiwa. Into ukwakhiwa ubhekwa ngamunye isakhiwo eceleni elise kokuba iphrojekthi ehlukile futhi balinganisela.

Into ukwakhiwa capital isakhiwo, ibhilidi noma isakhiwo, ukwakhiwa ongakaqaliswa kuqediwe. It akufaki izakhiwo zesikhashana ezingaqinile, amatende zinsiza nezinye semi isakhiwo. Esikhathini umthetho Russian kusukela 2005 kukhona umqondo "into ukwakhiwa dolobha," esisetshenziselwa ngokusemthethweni kuze kube isikhathi samanje.

Izinhlobo ukwakhiwa inhlokodolobha

Kufanele sicabangele umqondo kabanzi. ukwakhiwa Capital uhlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• ukwakhiwa okusha. Lolu hlobo inikeza ukubukeka iyisikhungo ezintsha ngokuphelele ukuthi yakhiwa kulesi kusayithi efanayo.
• Ukunwetshwa isakhiwo ekhona. Kulokhu, isandiso senziwa izakhiwo phambi ayakhiwe ngu nokwakha izinto ezintsha ezindaweni zakhona.
• Ukwakhiwa kabusha. Le nqubo kuyinto ekuphuculeni izakhiwo ezikhona kakade. Ngokuyinhloko kulokhu akwenziwa nokwakha kabusha ngokuphelele futhi ngcono isimo lobuchwepheshe.
• Technical kabusha imishini. Le nqubo has izici ezicishe zifane kabusha. Umehluko ukuqaliswa ngcono zokwakha kanye izinto ngabanye. Le nqubo ivumela ncono timo tekuphila amabhizinisi kanye neqhaza ukuvela etimbonini letinsha.

Izigaba kanye netinchubo

ukwakhiwa Capital ikakhulu unezigaba eziningana:

• Ukutadisha izinqubo ukwakhiwa kwezomnotho kanye lobuchwepheshe;
• ucwaningo yobunjiniyela;
• ukudalwa iphrojekthi;
• inhlangano izinqubo ukwakhiwa;
• indawo ukulungiselela kanye nemishini ye izakhiwo zesikhashana ezingaqinile;
• isakhiwo main;
• sikhungo ukuze isebenze.

Kukhona izindlela ezilandelayo umsebenzi inqubo ukwakhiwa dolobha:

• Inkontileka. Uhlinzeka isiphelo sesimiso inkontileka omsebenzi, njengoba abasebenzi oyokwenziwa yizinkampani ezikhethekile noma kulo msebenzi wokwakha.
• Economic. Kulokhu, zonke izinqubo abazenzi in-house.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinqubo ezifana ukwakhiwa, kabusha, ukulungiswa Ukwandiswa kwezakhiwo kumele kwenziwe ongoti abanolwazi.

ukuphathwa

Capital Construction Management umzimba ukusebenza nokuphathwa idolobha ethize, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kufakwe emizimbeni esiphezulu kanye nezokuphatha wendawo ukuzibusa.

Izinhloso ezinkulu ukuphathwa siwukuba aziphathe futhi aqinisekise ukuthi imigomo kamasipala. It wenziwa ngenhlonipho ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo okuqondene nengqalasizinda yomphakathi. Projects nazo lwenteke ethinta ezomnotho, ihlanganiswe nokuthuthukisa umuzi. Capital Construction Management ukwenza ezindaweni ukuhlela enemininingwane yomuzi angaphansi isakhiwo.

Inani ukwakhiwa inhlokodolobha

Ihlala e yokuthi ukwakhiwa yalolu hlobo kuholela ukudalwa izimboni ezintsha, izinkampani nezinhlobo ezahlukene ezikhungweni commercial futhi ezemfundo, izakhiwo zokuphatha kanye yokuhlala, kanye kwenziwe ngcono izindawo ezikhona. umnyango ukwakhiwa dolobha inikeza ukudalwa amaphrojekthi kanye nokuqaliswa yabo. Facilities yalolu hlobo neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni phambili kanye nokuhlanganiswa amagatsha ezahlukene emnothweni kazwelonke.

Umqondo umthetho wokwakha

Umthetho ku ukwakhiwa dolobha predstavvlyaet isethi kwemithetho elawula nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana ezenzeka ukwakhiwa. Ngalo, oda kunqunywa ngezimali iphrojekthi. UMnyango ukwakhiwa inhlokodolobha kube ukusungulwa kwe-oda le-design kanye nokuqaliswa ukwakhiwa kanye ukufakwa kwemisebenzi. Ngokusho umthetho futhi ilawula ubudlelwane phakathi kuka-abaqashi emnothweni kazwelonke.

Imithetho ukwakhiwa dolobha yakhiwa imithetho ehlukene komthetho: civil, ezezimali kanye nezokuphatha. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile kuyinto uhlelo yayo imibhalo normative futhi lobuchwepheshe. Ngosizo lwabo, ukulawulwa Kwenziwa izinqubo okuyinto zihlanganisa ukwakhiwa bofeleba netinhlavu ukufakwa umsebenzi. Ekusebenziseni kwabo kufanele banamathele ezindinganisweni futhi izimo lobuchwepheshe. Basitshela hhayi kuphela inqubo ukwakhiwa, kodwa futhi ukuba izinto zokwakha, imiklamo kanye nemikhiqizo.

Ngemva kokubukeza izithombe, kungaqondakala esimele ukwakhiwa dolobha futhi yini izici banayo.