Ukufakwa isisekelo sendlu: amaphuzu ayinhloko

Ingxenye komhlaba wokwakha, okungukuthi isisekelo, kuthatha babekezelela umthwalo, ngokudlulisela kwaze kwaba phansi emhlabathini. Ukufakwa isisekelo namuhla kungase kwenziwe omunye izindlela ezihlukahlukene, futhi kungenziwa ngokuzimela. Omunye wabo ikuvumela ukwakha isizinda we tape, okuyinto ethandwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zangasese, njengoba kudinga sakugcina zabasebenzi. Ukwakheka kwabo kuhambisana ukutshalwa ezinengqondo kanye nokuqaliswa imishini akunzima kakhulu. Idivayisi lokhu design - inqubo elula anele ukuqaliswa okuhleliwe badinga kuphela ukufunda imisebenzi ubuchwepheshe. Lolu hlobo isisekelo selibekiwe ezomile hhayi ugonyuluka nenhlabathi, sengathi umhlabathi ezijulile iqina, ukwakhiwa izobiza ngaphezulu ngenxa yokuthi kumbiwa uzoba yenqwaba. Ngakho-ke, kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuqasha amasu esindayo ngilambatha.

Ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa strip isisekelo

Ukufakwa isisekelo iqala wokuhlanza futhi indawo isakhiwo. Enhlabathini kumele kumakwe ahlangene indlu esizayo uphinde ulungise izikhonkwane okuzokwenziwa etholakala phakathi intambo. Kubalulekile ukuhlola engeli, okuyinto kufanele alingane 90 degrees. Ilungiselela isayithi kufanele siwenze ube usayizi omkhudlwana ohlangothini ngalunye nge 2 amamitha. Hlola ngokunemba yomdwebo kungenziwa nokumadanisa diagonals.

Lungiselela emiseleni ayecashe kuyo futhi ukwakhiwa formwork

Ukukhweza strip isisekelo esigabeni esilandelayo Kuhilela ukumba umsele, le misebenzi kungaba kwenziwe ngesandla noma ngosizo i excavator. Kulo mBhalo phansi zigezwe futhi kuqondiswa lokwela. In the isinyathelo esilandelayo ungaqala ebeka isiguqo, ukushuba zazo kufanele azisizi 200 mm. Yenziwe Ingxenyana encane yalawo amatshe noma isihlabathi. Layer ukuthi amanzi batheleka, is ohlangene, futhi phezulu selibekiwe ifilimu plastic, okuyinto iba impahla ungangenisi amanzi. Kungenjalo, ukugcwaliswa zifike zivela ebusweni slurry usimende ukuze amanzi akungeni phansi, ngoba kungaba zilulaza izici ngamandla imicamelo.

Ukufakwa isisekelo sendlu esigabeni esilandelayo kuhilela ukuhlobisa formwork, esakhiwa planed ngakolunye uhlangothi amabhodi. ukujiya yabo ukuba alingane kumkhawulo amamilimitha angu-40 kuya ku-50. Ingasetshenziselwa ukusonga formwork iphaneli ibhodi ezensimbi. Izakhi kusekeliwe eqondiswa izindonga emseleni. Kubalulekile buyisana nge yomthofu wokumisa le verticality izindonga, kusukela ukunemba lezi nemingcele kuzoncika kwesikhathi okusebenzela kuyo isakhiwo esizayo. Kuyadingeka ukuhlinzekela khona amathuba ebeka amanzi futhi indle izinhlelo.

Ukugxilisa bathulula ukhonkolo

isisekelo ukufakwa ubuchwepheshe cishe njalo kuhilela ukufakwa zalapho, okuyinto ozokwenza iyunithi. Inkantini uya uzimele, futhi inani indawo yabo, kanye ubukhulu kufanele licaciswe kuphrojekthi. Uhlaka kumele yakhiwe ezimbili mpo ukuqinisa emapheshana, aphethwe ndawonye Amabha ovundlile. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi uma ethela ingxube obunamandla bokuthi kuyodingeka ubude obungaphezulu kuka-1.5 amamitha, ikhambi wakubo. ke Kuyancomeka ukusebenzisa umshushuluzo ephathekayo. Kulesi sigaba, ingxube ithululelwé ku formwork, lapho ukushuba we izingqimba kufanele kube cishe 20 amasentimitha. ungqimba ngamunye ohlangene, okuyinto evimbela ukwakheka voids. Ngenxa yalesi shuttering odongeni rattles. Isixazululo akufanele kube ketshezi.

ungangenisi amanzi

Ukufakwa isisekelo ungangenisi amanzi kuhambisana nemisebenzi eyenziwa zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 ngemuva ethela. Ungasebenzisa ibitume-mastic, isetshenziswa izindonga zangaphandle. Ngalesi Ukwakheka banamathela ungangenisi amanzi impahla, indima okuyinto ingaba njengesihluthulelo ukufulela impahla. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ikhwalithi nenkanuko edlulele impahla kungaba ihlolwe.

umsebenzi Final

Ngemuva kokuqeda zonke manipulations ezichazwe ngenhla engenziwa backfill, esetshenziselwa esihlabathini inqubo srednefraktsionny. It is ohlangene ngongqimba futhi sigcwale amanzi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba ukuqapha isimo ungangenisi amanzi, akufanele lilimele.

Ukwakhiwa isikulufa-inqwaba isisekelo

Izinzuzo lokhu izizathu ezisobala, ijubane umsebenzi kufanele zabelwe phakathi kwabo, ukuthembeka, izindleko ongaphakeme, ukuqina kanye nokwenzeka idivayisi ngesikhathi ugonyuluka entwasahlobo inhlabathi. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokuqala kubalulekile ukuba aqoke emakhoneni ngezikhonkwane isakhiwo esizayo, phakathi kwazo owelulela intambo bese usetha nezinye nezikhonkwane okuhleliwe. Endaweni yabo kukhona imigodi ngemba lapho esikhathini esizayo sihlela ukusonta inqwaba. I emgodini ukujula kufanele kube ngu-20 amasentimitha. isandla isigwedlo okufanele isetshenziswe isikulufa yinqwaba, kungenziwa kanje: in emgodini zobuchwepheshe ekupheleni engenhla inqwaba kumele kube valve ifakiwe, egqoke izingcezu Scrap kusuka ezimbili ezinhlangothini tube sikwele. Bayoba ukwenza isigwedlo. Ingxenye esijana isigwedlo, umzamo kancane iyadingeka ukushaya. Usayizi elikhulu imikhono okunjalo kuyoba izinkomba 3 metres. inqwaba ngamunye kufanele basonta emhlabeni axis awo. Ukuze afeze le misebenzi ngokusebenzisa omunye umuntu, kuyilapho zokusebenza yesithathu ukulawula isimo sezulu mpo esebenzisa ezingeni.

Uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa screwing manual, ukuphambuka we mpo akumele leqe 2 degrees, kungenjalo ukusatshalaliswa umthwalo kuyoba engalingani kanye yinqwaba kuthiwa zikhubazekile. Ukukhweza isikulufa-inqwaba isisekelo esiqhutshwa ngayo ukuze onqenqemeni engezansi element laliphansi ezingeni inhlabathi okokuqandisa. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lesi sici sendawo ethile. Uma kuziwa eRussia emaphakathi, kuba 1.5 amamitha. Uma yinqwaba ngeke unqobe ezingeni okokuqandisa, kubalulekile ukuthi baye baphumelela inhlabathi okuqinile. Lokhu kuzokusiza uqonde uma into iyeke ukungena kalula emhlabathini. Uma uhlangabezana amatshe, inhlabathi kumele asuswe ukwesekwa kanye isikulufa futhi kancane engela. Ngemva inqwaba igibele thwi ezingeni edingekayo.

ukuqondanisa isisekelo

Ukukhweza isisekelo inqwaba-uhlobo isikulufa izakhi kulandele ilungiswe ukuze ezingeni elithile. Ukuze ulawule kulula ukusebenzisa ovundlile ezingeni wokubacindezela, ngezinye izikhathi Limiselelwe ithuluzi yokululama. izingxenye Aerial kufanele alingane ngamasentimitha angu-60. Nge grinder metal kungenziwa wasika ezingeni elithile.

Concreting nasekubulaleni strapping

Isikhala elingaphakathi yinqwaba engamukeleki kushiywe kungabhalwe lutho, njengoba lokhu kungadala ukugqwala we ebusweni futhi kunciphisa ukuphila service. Ngaphakathi izakhi zigcwele grout, inqwaba ngayinye kufanele ashiye cishe 1.5 amabhakede ingxube. Futhi uma indlu ngempela ezisindayo, isisekelo isihlenga zingenziwa metal, ngenkathi ungakwazi ukuphuma for ukwakhiwa lula ngakho. Kulokhu, umsebenzi wayo kuyoba afeze lokhuni noma lwensimbi strapping headroom. On yinqwaba salokhu bafakwa headroom, okuyinto ziboshelwe nezikulufi okuhlanganisa izingodo square nohlangothi lokuzibona-150 mm. I kwaphumela emalungeni esibophezelayo kufanele luphathwe itiyela. In the isinyathelo esilandelayo, ungaqala ukwakha izindonga zendlu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isisekelo inqwaba isikulufa emva kokuphothulwa design nikwazi ukusikhuthazelela umthwalo, ilungele ukusebenza. Ukufakwa isisekelo isikulufa-inqwaba isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho ukwakhiwa kufanele igcwaliswe ngo esikhathini esifishane.

Ukwakhiwa screw isisekelo

Lapho screw Kwenziwa ukufakwa isisekelo, kubalulekile ukwenza ukwahlukanisa, kuphela kanjalo indlu kuzosithinta phansi. Ukuze uqale ezokhipha base ezifanele izinto azoyibopha zonke izisekelo khulula emi. I ungangenisi amanzi selibekiwe ukwahlukanisa. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa polystyrene amabhodi noma amaminerali uvolo. Ngemva kufanele uqale ukusebenza yokuqedela usebenza ngaphambili.

Ukwakha sleeve se isisekelo

lezisekelo okunjalo asetshenziswa esimweni lapho base kufanele ibe namandla eliphezulu. Idivayisi senziwa usebenzisa kwagcizelela uhlelo abalwazi kahle ulimi. Ngenxa yalo mklamo uzolunga ukulalela isikhathi eside. Lezi zisekelo azenzelwa ukwakhiwa ngabanye. Basuke ingasethiwe phezu subsidence futhi ugonyuluka nenhlabathi, ubuchwepheshe sihlinzekela ukufakwa ikholomu. ngaleyo ndlela Fundam ekhiqizwa usebenzisa grade ukhonkolo M-200, watertightness ezingaphathelana sihambisana B2 isiqu. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, uzilungiselele ebusweni okungukuthi angabekwa futhi ohlangene. In the isinyathelo esilandelayo imigodi kuthiwa ezaziwumbile, okuyinto uphawu esebenzisa uhlalwane. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukufaka amabhlogo. Amatshe isiguqo kungenziwa esikhundleni ukulungiselela isihlabathi, okuyinto efakwe isizinda kanye nezihloko. imishini ekhethekile ephakamisa edingekayo ukufeza le misebenzi. Ukufakwa senziwa indawo izimbazo, okukhulunywe ingozi emaphethelweni ingilazi. Basuke sisetshenziswe ngaphambi futhi silukhumbula. Stakeout izimbazo kufanele kumakwe yezinhlamvu kanye Intambo yomthofu wokumisa, futhi ngesikhathi ukufakwa kwe-okuthiwa ukunakekelwa izicathulo okufanele zithathwe ukuze eksisi phansi ingilazi futhi ifaniswe isikhungo izimbazo. Ngaphandle kosizo ezengeziwe ngeke zikwazi ukwenza ukufakwa imishini. Isisekelo lolu hlobo futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kungavamile ukwakhiwa yangasese.