Neurology: izimpawu cerebral umonakalo ebuchosheni

Kudokotela-dokotela kumele zisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu, ngisho nalapho ezibonakala abukho ubufakazi - noyedwa wayedinga usizo, ngisho nasenganeni, ngisho umuntu omdala, akuyona ngaphandle kokuqale ibonisane futhi basayine onguchwepheshe. Neurologist unesibopho ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo of the isimiso sezinzwa lomuntu - kokubili emaphakathi kanye neuropathy. Kodwa lena sphere olukhethekile zhinedeyatelnosti umzimba, kuba nesibopho sokubhekela konke izinqubo, ukulawula kanye ithi awaye khona. Futhi izimpawu cerebral ayizikhombisi yenkinga okungathí sina okudinga umsebenzi isazi sezinzwa nezinye Ochwepheshe.

Sifo Right - lokhu kubalulekile

общемозговые и менингеальные симптомы, для врача самое важное - установить причину их появления, связав ее с конкретным повреждением или травмированием опреденного участка головного мозга или его оболочки. Lapho sigcina isiguli izibonakaliso ezinje sobala zezinkinga, ezifana izimpawu palsy futhi meningeal kudokotela into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuze kutholakale imbangela ngokubukeka kwabo, ngokuxhumana a ukulimala ethize noma ukuhlukumezeka kusayithi ubuchopho opredennyh noma igobolondo layo. общемозговые симптомы при инсульте, черепно-мозговых травмах, токсических поражениях, опухолях, воспалительных и инфекционных заболеваниях, выделяется всего четыре: Izizathu eziyinhloko ukuthi zisenza sibe nezimpawu unhlangothi-cerebral palsy, kuhlasimulise okulimala ebuchosheni, izilonda anobuthi, izimila, ukuvuvukala kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo, eyakhululwa kuphela ezine:

• ukwephulwa liquorodynamics - ukukhiqizwa, ukuzungeza nokukhipha cerebrospinal reabsorption uketshezi - CSF;
• waqinisa intracranial;
• ukucasuka we ulwelwesi izitsha ubuchopho negazi;
• uphakamise izwi ingqondo.

Ngayinye yalezi zimpawu izimbangela ubuchopho akuveli ngokwalo - konke has incazelo. Thola nokuthi kungani ukuhlukumeza kwenzeka, ukuba linqume ukwelashwa okufanele lesi sifo, - umsebenzi isazi sezinzwa.

Yiziphi izimpawu ukulimala kobuchopho

uthi abaningi zinezikhathi nezimpawu ezifanayo, futhi zingase zingakutholi ngaso sonke ne-ukwephulwa isimiso sezinzwa. как быть нарушением работы пищеварительного тракта, так и иметь под собой нарушение деятельности мозга. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, isicanucanu nokuhlanza kungenzeka noma kwephule i- ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, futhi zisekelwe ukuhlukumeza zobuchopho. Cerebral izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa ochwepheshe ukuhlukanisa ngaleyo ndlela:

• ikhanda;
• isiyezi;
• ukwazi kahle;
• Ukudlikizela;
• isicanucanu, ukuhlanza.

ukwahlukana okunjalo - a global, into ngayinye ihlukaniswe yaba eziningana simtomov ahlukene omsakazo ezahlukene. Umsebenzi we-Uchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi izimpawu ukubukeka uthole isithombe esicacile kakhulu le nkinga. бщемозговые симптомы уже достаточно хорошо изучены, они имеют определенные признаки, по которым можно установить область нарушения. Eziningi zalezi zimpawu bschemozgovye wafunda kahle kakade, banayo izimfanelo ezithile ungasetha indawo lenkinga. izinhlelo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama syndromes lingaze futhi igama.

Neurology in aid

Ukuze udokotela-dokotela, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye lochwepheshe bezokwelapha, into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuze kutholakale imbangela yenkinga. Kwenze kudokotela oyisazi sezinzwa ngezindleko kunzima kakhulu. izimpawu Kubhekiwe kanye syndromes - it is kuphela ngemiphumela ukwephulwa isifo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuhlonza umthombo. Pathogenesis izimpawu cerebral zingase zihluke kakhulu, ngoba iyiphi thuthuva kuholele ukuvela izinkinga ebuchosheni. Kodwa ukusungula iphuzu ezithile ukubukeka kwabo, futhi yini eyenza leli phuzu avele - eyisisekelo kunazo. Sitholakele isifo esithinta izinzwa - kuba ngokucophelela kakhulu luhlolo olunzulu. бщемозговые симптомы могут иметь очень разные причины появления, но только от верно поставленного диагноза, который расскажет о причине их возникновения, зависит результат лечения. Mayelana bschemozgovye izimpawu ungaba izizathu ezingafani nhlobo ngoba ukubonakala, kodwa kuphela uphethwe kwesokudla, okuyinto lisitshela isizathu nokuhlanzeka kwangaphandle nokuziphatha kwabo, umphumela ukwelashwa incike.

izilonda Focal noma jikelele

Kuye indawo, kanye indawo izilonda ubuchopho kwempilo izimpawu manifest palsy futhi eqondile. Ziyahlukahluka qualitatively. izimpawu Focal e kokunqotshwa ingxenye ethile yobuchopho obhekene siqu umsebenzi walo ethile yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu ebalulekile kungabandakanya:

• aprakticheskie (focus isinyathelo nokunyakaza);
• ukunambitha;
• motor;
• ukuphefumula;
• ezibukwayo;
• olfactory;
• ngokwengqondo;
• inkhulumo;
• ukuzwa.

Ngokugcina ukulahlekelwa ukuphila kwanoma iyiphi imisebenzi ngaphansi umthwalo elilodwa noma kwenye ingxenye yobuchopho, sikwazi ukukhuluma omunye kwaba ngukulimala kwakhe. isibonisi Kuqiniswe izimpawu ubuchopho ebalulekile futhi kukhona ngokuvamile ndawonye, kodwa futhi kwenzeka ukuthi lapho begula noma belimele zenzeka uhlobo olulodwa kuphela uphawu.

izimila ebuchosheni

Iqiniso lokuthi umdlavuza kukhona phakathi ezivamile, ehlanganisa umhlaba labantu babo bonke ubudala, kusho okuningi. Umdlavuza abasebasha, nakuba izindlela zokuxilonga nangendlela yokuzelapha njalo ngcono, okuvumela ukubhekana yilesi sifo esesabekayo kwezinye izimo ngempela ngempumelelo. Brain izimila ungeyena owande kakhulu isifo somdlavuza, kodwa ukuxilongwa sekwephuzile, lapho isiguli kakade nzima kakhulu noma kungenzeki nhlobo ukusiza. не являются какими-то особенными, атипичными, что определяет сложность постановки диагноза. izimpawu Cerebral e izimila ebuchosheni akuzona ezinye ekhethekile, atypical, ebheka yinkimbinkimbi uphethwe.

Esimeni ebuchosheni ufise "ukuthula" yomzimba, futhi kungenxa yalesi sifo uxilongwe ku ezigabeni kamuva. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwezinye izindawo, ochwepheshe bathi, "eziyizimungulu". Ithumba umsuka, ezikhulayo, futhi ungaphenduli futhi musa ubike "master" yakhe, ukuthi kukhona okungalungile.

izimpawu Cerebral - ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu - ezihlobene nokusebenzelana ukukhathala, ukuphathwa ikhanda migraine, kodwa hhayi bephethwe isifo esibulalayo. Kodwa lapho isimo jikelele impilo is eziwohlokayo sina, kanye search for inkinga kuthiwa isikhathi futhi kuthatha phakade, umuntu isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele.

Izimpawu ze-umdlavuza zobuchopho nokuzivelelayo palsy, futhi eqondile. Odokotela namanesi baphikisa ngokuthi akunakwenzeka uma kwenzeka ukuthi unesimila ncamashi uthi yimuphi kubo ayoba oyinhloko futhi yiziphi yesibili. Konke kuncike izici ezithile nezimila, kusukela ezinye izimila zikhula kancane, ekuqaleni okubangela iziyaluyalu palsy. Futhi abanye - nolaka, umthelela ezinzima ku imfundo isikhungo, futhi kuphela ngaleso sikhathi, ngenxa yokukhula, okubangela izimpawu palsy. Ngekukhula isimila ukubonakaliswa zonke izinhlobo izimpawu kanye syndromes buyaqina, ngaleyo ndlela wayencisha kuye yethuba ekufezeni imisebenzi ethile. Ukuxilonga khona izimila engavumelekile itholakala kuphela uma siqhuba ucwaningo olunzulu usebenzisa ukuhlaziywa emitholampilo, ithuluzi nocwaningo hardware.

Obungapheli okulimala ebuchosheni

Obungapheli okulimala ebuchosheni - owande yokulimala kokubili kunomthelela oqonde ngqo ekhanda - buhlungu noma ukuwa - futhi engaqondile - lapho unyathela amabhuleki imoto lapho umgibeli egqoke nebhande lesihlalo semoto, noma uma siziphonse phansi sisuka ukuphakama phezu kwezinyawo noma ngemuva, okubizwa ngokuthi abangele ukulimala ebuchosheni. izimpawu Cerebral at TBI ngokuyinhloko ixhomeke ekutheni kube sezingeni ukulimala ebuchosheni ngenxa yokulimala.

Ukuxukuzeka libhekene izimpawu cerebral emaphakathi noma abe mnene, futhi inqunywa ukulahlekelwa yesikhashana ngiqaphele (imizuzu 1-3), tachycardia, ukuqwasha, ukujuluka, ubuthakathaka, a izivakashi (amahora kungekho kuka 72) izimpawu eqondile.

Brain contusion ichazwa izimpawu evelele zobuchopho futhi lendawo: isisulu ilahlekelwa ukwazi pheze ihora, ayenakho nesicanucanu esibi nokuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe, izinhlungu zekhanda ezinamandla. Futhi, uma ukulimala ubuchopho ngokucacile wabonakaliswa izimpawu ebalulekile kulezo zindawo, eyawela ukulimala.

Kokucindezela zobuchopho kunqunywa khona hematoma kumiswa ithambo cancellous Yekhanda esingavumelekile noma ngenxa ukopha Umthambo meningeal. izimpawu Cerebral nokuhlukumezeka enjalo eshiwo ngokucacile e okokuqala ukuxilonga kubo. Futhi ngokuvamile, ekuqaleni nge ubuchopho ecindezela hematoma kwenzeka okubizwa ngokuthi isikhawu zinengqondo noma ngcono obonakalayo, isiguli alazi ukuthi ukuphila kwakhe engozini enkulu kakhulu, uzama ukugcina indlela yakhe yokuphila yangaphambili nokuphilela, kodwa Ukuwohloka masinyane kungaholela uma hhayi ukufa ke ekukhubazekeni. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, nokukhama ubuchopho edinga ngokushesha kuhlinzwa, nakuba kwezinye izimo yokuyelapha olandelanayo.

ukweyisa

Omunye amafomu ezivamile futhi owaziwayo ukulimala kobuchopho - unhlangothi. общемозгового расстройства при прединсультном состоянии известны абсолютному большинству обывателей: головные боли, головокружение, шумы в ушах, ухудшение работоспособности, нарушение сна. Izimpawu kuphazamiseka cerebral zisesimweni predinsultnom eyaziwa iningi ngokuphelele kwabantu abavamile: ikhanda, isiyezi, umsindo ezindlebeni, ukusebenza uwohloke izinkinga zokulala. Kodwa kaningi zinaka kancane, ngaphandle abangelutho futhi ningathwali ingozi. Stroke ochwepheshe efanayo obizwa nangokuthi ingozi cerebrovascular, okuyinto Nokho has kokumethemba, kodwa, njengoba kwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso njalo. бщемозговые симптомы при инсульте являются характерными для любого из двух видов мозговой катастрофы: Mayelana bschemozgovye izimpawu unhlangothi zibhekene ngqo noma ezimbili zama-ubuchopho nenhlekelele:

• oluhambisana unhlangothi - kubangelwa ukudabuka yegazi ebuchosheni;
• unhlangothi Ischemic - njengoba izibhelu ukugeleza kwegazi ngenxa ukuvaleka imithambo yegazi - futhi thrombosis atkroskleroticheskie uqweqwe.

Futhi imivimbo zihlukaniswe ngokuvumelana kobukhulu:

• omnene - ukubonakaliswa lingaze kancane waveza futhi lwahlolwa ukuze amaviki 3;
• ngomvimbo kobukhulu ngokulinganisela libhekene izimpawu ebalulekile kahle ichazwe, kanti kungenzeka izilonda cerebral ngingekho ngokuphelele, isiguli ezingqondweni sonke isikhathi;
• degree ezinzima unhlangothi libhekene ukuthuthukiswa global kuphazamiseka ukucindezeleka ukwazi isiguli ubuchopho,.

izimpawu Cerebral umonakalo ebuchosheni unhlangothi nobuntu ngokulinganisela umonakalo kabi engqondweni. Lokhu kuyinkinga ukuthi kungenziwa iyakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isicanucanu nokuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe, isiyezi. Futhi lezi instultov kobukhulu libhekene nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, short noma eside, ukozela noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, injabulo, umuzwa imfiva, nomlomo owomile, ubuhlungu iso, amajaqamba. izimpawu Focal kuncike ukulimala kwasendaweni futhi bamba izindawo ubuchopho ekubhujisweni emgodleni.

Stroke uphethwe Kwenziwa kuphela isikhungo sezokwelapha ezikhethekile. Uma une isikhathi ukuletha isiguli luhlolo nokunakekela eziphuthumayo okuthiwa zokwelapha iwindi inkathi ephakathi 3 emahoreni angu-6 kusukela ukuqala ukulimala kobuchopho ngenxa yokushaywa unhlangothi, imiphumela lesi sifo ingancishiswa kakhulu. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinga lokufa kusukela unhlangothi kuyinto yesibili kuphela ischemic yisifo senhliziyo nezifo zenhliziyo.

izifo ukuvuvukala

Mayelana uphawu yizinambuzane encephalitis ukukhuluma okuningi futhi njalo lapho kuqala entwasahlobo ukufudumala, isixwayiso ngengozi abesabekayo umkhaza ukulunywa - abathwala lesi sifo. Kodwa encephalitis - iqembu Izifo ukuvuvukala kobuchopho. Basuke ihlukaniswe aphansi nezamabanga aphakeme, ngoba ngokuvamile ukuhlonza imbangela ukuvuvukala izilonda ubuchopho bengayi. Nge ukuthuthukiswa kwe-izilonda etiologies ahlukahlukene izimpawu cerebral zihlanganisa:

• ukuphathwa ikhanda;
• isicanucanu;
• umkhuhlane;
• nokuzwela ekukhanyeni (photophobia);
• ukwazi kahle;
• ukozela;
• zesifo sokuwa.

Uma lesi sifo siba ezinzima, kungagcina paresis kanye nokukhubazeka, intamo ukuqina, ikhoma, izinguquko igazi cerebrospinal fluid, okubonisa ukuvuvukala. Siza ukuxilonga wokubhoboza cerebrospinal fluid kanye resonance kazibuthe nekhompyutha tomography. izimpawu Cerebral e Izifo ukuvuvukala kobuchopho futhi ukuhlolwa emitholampilo kungathola bha imbangela kanye ejenti causative futhi imise ukwelashwa.

izilonda anobuthi

Ubuchopho lidinga njalo umoya-mpilo umncane futhi izakhi eziphumayo elamukelayo lusuka igazi. Kodwa ngendlela efanayo ekwindla ubuchopho kanye izinto ezingadingekile - ubuthi ubuthi ukuthi ngandlela-thile wangena igazi. Ukuthuthukisa ukulimala kobuchopho anobuthi. Ochwepheshe ukukhomba izinkinga ezimbili nale nkinga:

• encephalopathy anobuthi;
• entsefalopolineyropatiya.

Umzimba akunandaba indlela ubuthi efika kuye, usabheka ngokunamandla kwakuwukuhlasela ezinjalo. Okokuqala ubuthi anobuthi kuthinta amangqamuzana obuchopho. kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside ezinobuthi, lapho izinguquko kungaba engelapheki. Izinto ezithinta nomthelela omubi ubuchopho bomuntu, zingabantu:

• utshwala;
• izinto kwezidakamizwa lwesitshalo noma zokwenziwa umsuka;
• izinsimbi ezisindayo;
• idlanzana elithile ukuthaka imithi noma isikhathi eside reception engalawuliwe;
• ubuthi.

izimpawu Cerebral umonakalo ebuchosheni lapho zihlatshwa ezinobuthi futhi enobuthi zimi kanje:

• ukuphathwa ikhanda;
• isicanucanu;
• isiyezi;
• ukwazi kahle.

Kulezi izinhlobo ukulimala kobuchopho lu- kubonakaliswe disorder eqondile. Ochwepheshe utihlukanise tibe ezintathu:

• cerebellar-vestibular eziyinkimbinkimbi - umuzwa okuthiwa lokudakwa;
• eziyinkimbinkimbi gipotolamichesky - ichaza kokunikezwa kwe-ngxenye - ubuchopho esifundeni elawula homeostasis futhi neuroendocrine umsebenzi wonke umzimba;
• eziyinkimbinkimbi extrapyramidal - ukuhlukumeza motor umsebenzi ezicutshini lwamathambo.

izilonda Toxic ngomshini ukuthola ezinobuthi, kanye nezindlela hardware ezifana MRI.

meningitis

Neurology ahlukene isigaba avelele izifo ezifana meningitis. относится к воспалительно-вирусным поражениям нервной системы и головного мозга, но имеет свои характеристики и последствия. Nakuba okuhlobene ukuvuvukala igciwane lohlobo we isimiso sezinzwa kanye nobuchopho, kodwa has izici zayo siqu kanye nemiphumela. Ngakho, lapho Menig, noma yini kungase kube, kuthinta emgodleni ubuchopho, kunokuba ubuchopho, nomgogodla. Ochwepheshe ukukhomba ezimbili izinhlobo meningitis:

• meningitis;
• pachymeningitis.

La mazwi abhekisela ukuvuvukala isifo meninges esithambile futhi arachnoid kanye igobolondo kanzima ngokulandelana. общемозговые симптомы. Ukuze uhlobo meningitis ngamunye ejwayelekile ukuthi izimpawu cerebral lesi sifo. Neurology ikhomba izindlela eziningana ukushiyana kwezidalwa meningo-izifo, omunye ogxile ukuhlonza ejenti causative - pathogen. общемозговые симптомы при менингите. Kuye ngalokho Võsa isifo babonakalise isithombe emitholampilo kanye nezimpawu cerebral ka-meningitis.

• Meningococcal meningitis libhekene okungazelelwe, izinga lokushisa emzimbeni lunyuka ngokushesha, ikhanda, futhi ukuhlanza njalo ngenxa anda ingcindezi intracranial. Ukuze lolu hlobo zinezikhathi zibhekise ethile ukuthi unike udokotela ithuba ngokushesha ukuphakamisa uphethwe eyanele - ikhanda aphonswe emuva kuya emuva, imilenze uxhumeke kwi-isisu, okuyinto kubuyiswe, futhi ngemuva kuyinto arched. Lokhu okuthiwa izimpawu meningeal umonakalo ebuchosheni. Ngokuhamba sifo avele ukwazi kahle - delirium, ukudideka, ukukhubazeka, ikhoma angagcina. Pristupopobraznye avele ukuquleka, ezinye zazo kungasho ukufa.
• Serous meningitis kubangelwa enteroviruses futhi poliovirus. Ukuze lolu hlobo isifo libhekene zimpawu ezilandelayo cerebral: ikhanda kanye ukuhlanza ngemva kwesikhathi prodormalnogo lesi sifo, imfiva, ukuthuthukisa izimpawu ezivamile meningitis - ukucindezeleka nasentanyeni, emhlane arched. Ukuze lolu hlobo isifo, uhlobo lwegciwane, zihlanganisa isifo sofuba kanye viral meningitis.
• Meningitis kubangelwa protozoan izimuncagazi intracellular. Lolu hlobo sifo libhekene i ukubukeka sokuqala ubuhlungu emisipheni nasemalungeni, isitshele ngezigigaba isimungumungwane uhlobo, okusho ukukhuphuka ezinye izindlala lymph. Khona-ke kukhona izimpawu cerebral ezifana ikhanda nokuhlanza kanye meningeal izimpawu - Intamo yayo iqina, imilenze insaliwe.

Nanoma yiluphi uhlobo meningitis kuyingozi ngoba imbangela isifo kunzima ngempela ukuthola kusaqalwa lesi sifo. Ekwakhiweni ukuxilongwa ezanele kudinga izenzakalo ezithile zokwelapha - izibonelo zalokho cerebrospinal fluid, esibizwa ngokuthi i-wokubhoboza lumbar. It ikuvumela ukukhomba ejenti causative amise okusezingeni eliphezulu nokwelashwa izinga. Meningitis njengoba eyingozi yezinkinga zayo ngenxa hhayi ngesikhathi esifanele okuqalwe ukwelashwa okufanele noma ukwelashwa okungafanele.

Ukuhlonza Ukugula inkinga

Ezinye izimpawu cerebral iningi ngokuphelele zabahlali abavamile waqonda iwubala, a izivakashi ephathelene nezinkinga zokuphila. It ubuhlungu bekhanda nesicanucanu - ne pereutomlyaemostyu, ukudla okungenamsoco, ukucindezeleka. Futhi iningi bamshaya indiva kubo, ukuthatha imithi lingaze futhi ngaphandle kokucabanga ngaso ucinge yekucala yenkinga. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpawu cerebral elandayo, zikhona izimpawu ebalulekile izilonda ubuchopho, inkinga iba efanele, kodwa ngokuvamile isikhathi sakhe ngokwanele ikheli ibonakala aphuthelwe. Ngo sitholakele izinkinga zezinzwa kufanele usebenzise zonke izindlela kungenzeka ukuthi inqubo yokwelapha yesimanje ine - izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene cwaningo ihadiwe zokuxilonga MRI-uhlobo CT. In Just isikhathi ukubeka okuyikona kuzovumela ukuba ukwelapha lesi sifo ngaphandle kwemiphumela impilo yomuntu futhi ukuphila.