Necala lobugebengu ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuba afakaze

Ngo umsebenzi iziphathimandla aphenya ngokuvamile kunezimo lapho izisulu noma ofakazi senqabe ukufakaza emacaleni ungaphansi kophenyo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imininingwane kulaba bantu singaba namaphutha abalulekile ukubaluleka probative ekukhiqizeni. Kule ndaba, umthetho sihlinzekela necala lobugebengu ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuba afakaze. Cabanga ngendaba uma kuziwa.

Uhlolojikelele

Ukwenqaba ukufakaza ungaboniswa amafomu ahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, izihloko, wabiza ngemibuzo, enqaba ukuvela. Ukwenqena ngabanye ukunikeza ulwazi, yazise kona futhi efanele, kungase kwenziwe ngqo umtjhutjhisi namkha ijaji, kanye ngqo umphenyi kokuqhuba ekambisweni. Umthetho usungula umbuthano lwabantu aphoqelelwe ukuchaza amaqiniso yobugebengu. Ukunqaba CC ukuba afakaze ngeke bajeziswe ngokuvumelana Art. 308.

Izizathu zokugwema izifundo

Enforcers, kokubili lapho besanda ka uphenyo, futhi ekupheleni kwayo, bayaqonda ukuthi ngobulungisa, okuyinto senze njengoba zinhlobo into zobugebengu ngaphansi Art. 308, kakhulu i- e ikhomishana isenzo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abantu abagunyaziwe ngokuvamile zama hhayi ukuze alungise leso simo, kanjalo sibonise ukubonelelwa ukuba izihloko, usulu ebhekisela bafeza izabelo zabo nezomphakathi. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, yokuthi isicelo ezingavamile of Art. 308 practice.

Kuthiwa esinye sezizathu for sokungasebenzi kokugcinwa lobugebengu Kugcwaliseka namandla komuntu ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okwenele zezisulu kanye nofakazi ukuziphindiselela kulabo ngokumelene nobani aphezulu balindeleke ukuba bakwazi ukunikeza ubufakazi. Ngenxa yezizathu inhloso okwamanje athuthukile uhlelo ngempumelelo ukuvikela abantu abangongoti bofakazi zobugebengu eRussia. Kwathiwa wasikisela ukuba ukuhlinzekwa eside ngokuvikelwa ngokwenyama zezisulu kanye nofakazi - ngempela inqubo eqolo. Empeleni, ngenxa yokwesabela impilo yakhe kanye nempilo obathandayo, izakhamuzi bakwazi ukuphunyula imisebenzi.

okuhlukile

Ukusungula isijeziso ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuba anikeze ubufakazi, Article 308 kwenza isabelo esibalulekile. Liqinisekisa ukuhambisana amalungelo esintu isakhamuzi. Ikakhulukazi, Art. 51 yomthetho eziyisisekelo uthi akukho muntu ovunyelwe baphoqeke zifakaza ngokwabo kanye nemindeni yabo. Umbuthano ichazwa UK yakamuva. Ziyakwazi amalungu omkhaya, indoda / inkosikazi yesikhulu esasingaphansi isakhamuzi, wabizelwa bephenywa.

I ngokucacile kwemitselela ukugwema

Ukwenqaba enkantolo ukuba unikeze ubufakazi angafiki umphumela wokulalelwa komlandu. izakhamuzi yokungenzi lwakha isithiyo isicelo yenhlawulo ukuba necala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathintekayo kwezezimali isimo. Ngakho, ukungavumi fakaza njengoba izisulu ezimweni kwesicelo srednetyazhkogo kanye nokulimala yokulimaza, lapho olimele wathola ngokuhamba ingxabano phakathi kwabo nabangane babo, kuhilela unreimbursed izindleko isabelomali ngokuqondene okuqukethwe izikhungo ethintekile umile yezokwelapha, i kokungenela esiphuthumayo kuhlinzwa. On ubugebengu, abenzi bokubi zazo efakwe umphakathi, abashushisi bafaka kumangala civil afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye ajezise abahlaseli zalezi zindleko. ithuba okunjalo kulahleka, uma ngenxa ukwenqena we kuncike ukunikeza ulwazi oludingekayo aphenya iziphathimandla angeke icala kumuntu othize.

ngezigaba

Umthwalo ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuba afakaze Kuthi esingaphansi okuhlinzeka ulwazi olungamanga. Kulo mBhalo, isihloko uyawuthiya ngqo ukuhlonza weqiniso uqondisa aphenya iziphathimandla indlela engafanele. Ukwenqaba ukufakaza yiba nofakazi namtjhana yisisulu kuhilela ukugwema lula izakhiwo ogunyaziwe ngokuphambene zomthetho.

Nge ohlangothini umgomo sivezwe kula ifomu sokungasebenzi. Kwakuthiwa ngenhla ezingase ukungavumi ukufakaza kube zigutshuzelwe noma ngqo. Kulo mBhalo sihilela isitatimende kuvulwa isakhamuzi ukuthi ngeke ikwazi ukunikeza noma iluphi ulwazi mayelana naleli cala. Endabeni okucashile ukwenqena umhlolwa uqala ubheke kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Ngokwesibonelo, ingase ithi, akazange akhumbule noma abawubonanga lutho.

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama

Ubugebengu, ogama Ukwakheka kuhlinzekelwe Art. 308 kubhekwa ephelele esikhathini ukwehluleka. Ngeke kumelwe libhekwe njengelingcwele isenzo esingekho emthethweni yokubalekela isihloko avele ajenda. Kulokhu, lo isakhamuzi kungaba ngenkani umzimba yophenyo. Ungasebenzisi izindlela ngokomzimba nobuso, engafuni ukunikeza ulwazi eyaziwa kuye.

Ukwenqaba anikeze ubufakazi futhi kuthule ngezimo kunjalo

Umbuzo we umehluko phakathi kwalezi ubugebengu isikhathi eside isikhathi esanele kuyindaba ingxabano Ochwepheshe. Ngokwesibonelo, ubufakazi libike ukuthi wayengahlosile ulwazi ngalesi sigameko. Kulokhu, akabatsheli iqiniso. Ngakho, imiphumela yayo, abanye ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi ukuba afanelekele akunika ulwazi olungamanga. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, awathathe lesifanele ukwehluleka nangezenzo. Kulokhu, isakhamuzi akudali izithiyo ukuzimisela asebenzayo lweqiniso.

Lapho kunzima uvumelana nesitatimende engasoze ngokuthi wulwazi oluqondene isifungo sokukhuluma iqiniso okuzenzakalelayo. Ngenxa sokunquma umthelela ukuziphatha isephulamthetho enza embule lonke iqiniso. Uma izenzo zakhe ukudala izithiyo, basuke ithathwa njengoba ukwaziswa okungamanga. Uma ukuziphatha akusho neqhaza ukuhlonza kunjalo, khona-ke kukhona ukwehluleka.

ezimweni ezikhethekile

Uma ucabangela indlela ngenhla, cabangela isimo lapho isihloko kancane enikeziwe ulwazi lweqiniso, ethule ngesikhathi amanye amaqiniso abalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ufakazi wokuzibonela echazwe izenzo umbulali kweqiniso. Nokho, ayisho lutho iqiniso lokuthi umbango owaqala isisulu waqala ukuba alishaye owenze lokho. Ngenxa yalokho, inkantolo ingase ahlukanisa ubugebengu njengoba abazibulala kusukela Hooligan ukugqugquzeleka. Kulokhu eqinisweni it is hhayi mubi nakakhulu, noma ithambisa kubo (isibonelo, kuthinte isimo) noma ukhetha ukungabuthinti nhlobo okungukuthi ngenxa isenzo ngokusebenzisa kazwelonke ukuzivikela. Kulokhu, lohlolwako, hhayi kuphela awazange asize, kodwa futhi ukuba ngenkuthalo luvimbele iqiniso. Kule ndaba, akufanele athweswe icala ngokwehluleka, futhi amanga benziwa amahloni zolwazi kubalulekile.

I subjective ingxenye

Uma izenzo lesikwenta kungukuthi kunakwe izisusa ke. Ohlangothini subjective secala kusikisela ukuba khona ngenhloso oqondile. Ukwenqaba ukufakaza isihloko uyaqaphela ukuthi alinikezi ukwaziswa okubalulekile uphenyo futhi ufuna ke.

imikhakha esikhethekile sabantu

Umthetho ukusetha uhla izifundo ezingeke ngemibuzo. Ngokusho amalungiselelo zenqubo, abantu abanjalo bayizakhamuzi:

1. Ngenxa yokukhubazeka ngengqondo noma ngokomzimba abakwazi ukunikeza i-akhawunti ye-izenzo zabo futhi uphathe bo khe behavior. Lezi zakhamuzi abakwazi ukuqonda ngezimo zale ngozi, ngokulandelana, bengavumi ukukunika ukufundwa lesifanele.
2. Have amasosha omzimba nawo. izinyathelo zomthetho kubo yenziwa noma nge kwemvume noma eyicela.

Ubufakazi amasosha omzimba nelungelo ngokumelene self-incrimination

Sekuvele ukuthi isijeziso ngaphansi art. 308 ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa uma isakhamuzi akafuni ukunikeza ulwazi mayelana ngokwabo noma izihlobo zabo. Lezi zimo benezingane eziningi izici ezivamile, kodwa kunomehluko phakathi kwazo. umbuthano Ngokuyinhloko avelele abantu nemiphumela yezomthetho. Ilungelo osebenza ku ulwazi kuncike kakhulu izenzo zakhe. Ihlala eqinisweni lokuthi isijeziso asisebenzi ekuhlinzekweni ulwazi olungamanga, noma ngesikhathi zokungazimiseli ukukhipha imininingwane.

Ubufakazi amasosha omzimba udlulisela kuphela kulabo abazange benze izenzo eziphambana nomthetho noma akenzi njengenhlangano izmhiaka ekuqhubeni. Umthetho ukunika izihlobo nowakwakho / womshado ka isakhamuzi ilungelo hhayi uhlinzeke nganoma imiphi imininingwane. Ngakho, umthwalo ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuba afakaze ubufakazi okungaphansi kwenkululeko lezi abantu ingekho. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi isigwebo asebenza kubo ngokunginika ulwazi olungamanga. Ngakho, uma oshade naye noma isihlobo uyavuma ukuba afakaze, kodwa aqambe amanga, usuke bakhangwa art. 307.

Igcina Idatha Inqubomgomo

Nokho, uFakazi amasosha omzimba futhi ubabonisa iziphathimandla esenziwa imisebenzi babo bomsebenzi phathelana amaqiniso athile olufanele uphenyo ezaziwayo, yezingxenye ngesikhathi esifanayo imfihlo bavikelwe ngumthetho. Lezi izifundo zihlanganisa notaries, amalungu ephalamende, abefundisi, abameli kanye nabanye.

isiphetho

Umthwalo ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuba afakaze ubufakazi / isisulu ngokomthetho ikhona. Ngempela-ke practice is kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa. Kulokhu, izikhulu ogunyaziwe abavunyelwe ukusebenzisa ukuphoqwa zomthetho. Ngaphambi ekuqaleni izifundo kokuphenywa baxwayiswa mayelana nesibopho ngaphansi Criminal Code ngenxa yokwenqaba sokufakaza ukwaziswa okungamanga. Ngo Art. 308, ikakhulukazi, isinyathelo njengesijeziso umsebenzi omuhle, izimilo noma ayimpoqo, kanye ukuboshwa. Usongo lwezigebengu unswinyo, empeleni akufanele enze le nto njengento esetshenziswayo ukuze alawule ukuziphatha ngale ndaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isakhamuzi kufanele isivikelo ekuhlaseleni lobugebengu, ngokumelene okuyinto ubonisa nanoma yibaphi abangane bakhe, izihlobo kanye nabanye abantu abanentshisekelo yibhange.