Metallic ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo nesibabule: Ukhona? Izakhiwo kanye amakhemikhali sulphur

Sulphur iyona 10th isici luningi kunawo wonke endaweni yonke. Kuyinto ayinaphunga, kuba kunganambitheki, plastic okuqinile ophuzi elikhanyayo. Lokhu sakhi esisheshayo, okuyinto ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, kuhlangene zonke ezinye izakhi, ngaphandle gas, igolide ne-platinum. ayebuthaka Metallic sulphur samanje kwezinye compounds sulphur kodwa hhayi ifomu okumsulwa. Sulphur livela ukulungiswa ahlukahlukene allotropic, ngalinye elikwazi uhluke solubility, amandla adonsela phansi ethize, leli lungiselelo crystal nezinye constants ngokomzimba. Lapho wadalula-mpilo okumsulwa, amandla omlilo kwenzeka nombala oluhlaza njengesibhakabhaka ukwakha a oxide nesibabule.

Ingabe ikhona sheen metallic kwi-sulphur?

Isicwebezelisi - yikhono into ukubonakalisa imisebe yokukhanya. Le mpahla kuyinto encike ngqo kwi ethize chemical izibopho in the amaminerali, ezakheke futhi ifomu. Metallic ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo sulphur kuhamba phambili ebonakalayo ngaphezu kuqhathaniswa asanda wajinge wanamatsela we ndlovu, lapho singena. Ngo yemvelo ifomu sulphur yayo ibonakala ngesimo powder aphuzi. Uma ingxenye sulfides nama-sulfate, ungakheka sebuningini amaminerali, ezinye zazo ziyizilimi imikhando owusizo kakhulu futhi ngokukhiqiza izinsimbi nonferrous. I sulfides metal kukhona sulphur isicwebezelisi - pyrite, stibnite, Galena, chalcocite, chalcopyrite.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Sulphur kungokwalabo iqembu izakhi chalcogen, enye ukuphi oksijini, selenium, tellurium futhi polonium. Igama elithi "chalcogen" lisuselwa emagameni amabili esiGreki asho "ore ukwakha." Ore kuyinto amaminerali yemvelo esetshenziswa njengoba umthombo for the element. imikhando Ziningi metal compounds noma metal ne-oksijini, nesibabule. Compounds equkethe okungenani izici ezimbili, enye yazo-sulphur, ngokuthi sulfides. Ngokwesibonelo, pyrite - mineral ukuthi uba nombala omuhle segolide futhi elicwebezela ngokukhethekile metallic, kuyinto yensimbi sulfide. Waziwa nangokuthi ngokuthi "igolide weziwula." Physical namakhemikhali isici izakhiwo-sulphur bebelokhu baziwa kusukela endulo. Ngokuvamile kuba powder brilliant ophuzi. Lapho kushe, uveza ilangabi ecacile blue yezwa nephunga enamandla kakhulu angafi.

Sulphur: ngokomzimba nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali

Izakhiwo sulphur kuyizici kungabonakala nasemkhakheni izinzwa. Lezi zihlanganisa umbala, ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo, izinga lokushisa okokuqandisa, ukuncibilika ukubila amaphuzu, ukuminyana, ubulukhuni futhi ukunambitheka. Yiziphi izindawo ngokomzimba nobuntu nesibabule? Ingqikithi uba nombala ophuzi eliphaphathekile, kunganambitheki futhi ayinaphunga, oncibilikayo emanzini. Kuyinto umqhubi abampofu ukushisa kanye nogesi. Metallic ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo sulphur kungabonakala nasemkhakheni kuphela compounds ethize. Ukubila iphuzu 444,6 ° C. Lapho ukuncibilika, nesibabule is kuguquka ophuzi uketshezi uketshezi lapho uthola luhlaza sinombala bese uba obunsundu mass viscous ezingeni lokushisa mayelana 190 ° C. Viscosity incipha nge okwandisa degree (angaphezu kuka-190 ° C) futhi ngesikhathi 300 ° C futhi iba sulphur ketshezi.

Yiziphi izindawo chemical sulphur?

Lokhu ezingaphathelana ukunquma indlela ukuthi kuyoba ukuxubana nezinye izinto, noma ngesikhathi ushintsho komunye kwakwakhe kwenye. Lapho sesazi kangcono ukuthi ukwazi uhlobo kule ndaba, ngcono siyakwazi ukuqonda ke. izakhiwo Chemical ingabonakala kuphela ngesikhathi yokusabela chemical, okungase kubangelwe izinguquko amandla omlilo, rusting, Ukushisa, ukuqhumisa, fogged, nokunye. compounds Akwaziwa ezihilela nesibabule: sulfite sodium, hydrogen sulfide (a igesi enobuthi lapho unuka njengetekisi amaqanda ebolile) kanye sulfuric acid. Reactivity impela high, ikakhulukazi okushisa aphakeme. Evuthayo, ke ihlangana izinsimbi esebumba sulfides elihambisana.

Ukutholakala intfo lebaluleke kakhulu

Igama isici kutholakala ngisho umbhalo ngekweliBhayibheli echaza kokuwa imizi emibini kweSodoma neGomora, lapho Uziphahlaze owehla ezulwini umlilo nesibabule. zefilosofi lasendulo babekholelwa ukuthi konke yakhiwa izakhi ezine: umhlaba, umlilo, amanzi kanye nomoya. Nokho, kwaba khona abahlala nabizelwa izakhi ezimbili kuphela: isibabule mercury. ongqondongqondo okuqala ngokuvamile bedidekile ngokuthi yini ukuthini igama elithi "nesibabule" baba. Kubo kwaba udaba ivutha kahle futhi exuded semali intuthu. Kwathatha isikhathi eside ososayensi ukuhlonza izidakamizwa njengoba isici. Sulphur likhona amafomu amabili allotropic (-alpha kanye namafomu beta), nge izakhiwo ezahlukene ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali. sulphur isicwebezelisi kuwuphawu qualitative ka yokucucuza ukukhanya khomba amaminerali Ukwakheka lapho likhona. Ingxenye namaminerali opaque unekhono kubonise kakhulu ukukhanya futhi ube ethize metallic bukhanye.

Izehlo ngokwemvelo

Ngaleso sikhathi, imali sulphur zitholakala ezingqimbeni ebusweni Earth. Abakwazi itholakala kalula futhi esetshenziswa abantu. Namuhla ziphathelene lokhu kulukhuni kakhulu, njengoba okwamanje indawo yemvelo sulphur ore zitholakala iseduze mlilo. Ingqikithi ukhululeka asemigodini ngesimo igesi okuyinto emhlanganweni ngenxa yamakhaza emoyeni osemanzi ukwakha ezifakwa enhle ophuzi kanye emaphethelweni intaba-mlilo. inothile kusadingeka imvelaphi ngomshoshaphansi. Sulphur liyatholakala nasemiBhalweni eziningi namaminerali abalulekile: barite (barium yombala sulfate), Celestine (Sesithombe sulphate), cinnabar (mercury sulphide), Galena (sulfide phambili), pyrite (yensimbi sulfide), sphalerite (zinc sulphide) kanye stibnite (antimony sulfide).

sulphur isotopes

Kunezinhlobo ezine IKhompyuthaYami ngokwemvelo kuvele: sulphur-32, i-sulphur-33, i-sulphur-34 noma nesibabule-36, ihluke nomunye ngokwesibalo sako mass. Lona isibalo proton kanye neutrons Kuyi-nucleus i-elementi athomu. Isibalo proton ichaza isici, futhi inani neutrons e-athomu kwanoma iyiphi isici zingahluka. Kukhona futhi isotopes eziyisithupha enemisebe ukuthi asizange sibe izicucu futhi ihlaba umkhosi uhlobo oluthile ngemisebe. Omunye wabo - sulphur-35 - is isetshenziselwe ukuthengisa. Kwezokwelapha, le IKhompyuthaYami sasitadisha indlela uketshezi ngaphakathi emzimbeni. It Ubuye izicelo ocwaningweni lwezesayense kube inkomba.

isicelo

Sulphur obuncani esetshenziswa njengoba isici. I izakhiwo isici zihlanganisa ukuziphatha ethize sulphur ngesikhathi encibilika.

Enye ukusetshenziswa ebaluleke kakhulu wokuthola ikhambi laso, inqubo wanezela kuya iraba ukwenza kube nzima. Sulphur azigcina iraba kusukela ukuncibilika lapho sishiswa ngakho. Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso kaCharles Goodyear e 1839, ingenye lokuzuzwe umkhakha yesimanje.

Njengoba-zinambuzane, ingasetshenziswa ukubulala izinambuzane. Nokho, iningi iqhaza e compounds ahlukahlukene. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ngale kwalokhu sulfuric acid, iningi esetshenziswa ukuze kwenziwe umquba.

Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi etholakala futhi embonini kawoyela, womshini imikhiqizo yephepha, amakhemikhali wezolimo, epulasitikini, injoloba kanye nezinye izinto zokwenziwa. I isici esibalulekile kuyinto ingxenye amino acid ezimbili, cysteine futhi methionine. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi, it isetshenziswa wemithi, imikhakha yezokwelapha nezezimboni, e gaseous ifomu izidakamizwa isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti amakhorali, uketshezi kanye magciwane.