Manichaeism - a ... Incazelo, umlando, canons futhi ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Umlando njalo ebhekene ezihlukahlukene zenkolo, okuvela emfundisweni yobuKristu, ukuthi ngandlela-thile uhlanekezelwe. Abasunguli lezikole yokucabanga babezibheka izithunywa ayesenakho Nkulunkulu, esinikelwa ifa kweqiniso. Esinye sazo kwakungu-Mani. Waba nguyise eziqine ngesikhathi esikoleni yefilosofi Manichaeism, okuyinto babewuthumbile izingqondo zabaningi, ngaphakathi spite of eziningana ukubukwa fabulous nezingane ku khona.

I imvelaphi yemfundiso kaZiqu-njengoba baqede ubuKristu

под названием "манихейство" , широко распространившееся в своё время на Востоке и Западе, существовало скрыто, видоизменялось и в таких формах существует по сей день. Sezenkolo-zefilosofi imfundiso okuthiwa "Manichaeism", okwakuthe chithi saka esikhathini ngesikhathi sakhe aseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga, kukhona ezifihliwe, futhi ishintshe amafomu ezinjalo kuze kube yilolu suku. христианская ересь или обновлённый парсизм. Kwake kwaba nesikhathi lapho kukholakala ukuthi Manichaeism - baqede Christian noma abuyekeziwe Parseeism.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona iziphathimandla, ezifana Harnack abasiqaphelayo yona inkolo ezimele, uyibeka zilingana nezinhlobo bendabuko izinkolo zezwe (ubuBuddha, Islam nobuKristu). Мани, а место его происхождения – Месопотамия. Umuntu eyasungulwa Manichaeism - kuyinto Mani, futhi endaweni yomsuka - eMesophothamiya.

ukusabalala

Kancane kancane, lo mkhuba phakathi nalo lonke ikhulu IV, zasakazekela kulo Central Asia, i-Chinese Turkestan. Ikakhulukazi, ukuqinisekisile eCarthage futhi eRoma. Kodwa nezinye izikhungo yamasiko Western ithonya Manichaeism is yehlelwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eyaziwa lahlangana eSt Augustine Ipponiysky kwaba ilungu Philosophical Umphakathi iminyaka eyishumi kwaze kwaba yilapho ebuKristwini. Ngisho naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi benkolo ephezulu Islam kwaba ifilosofi East, Mani sasingakaze abalandeli kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka. Ngemva ke iqedwe. E-West futhi woMbuso WaseByzantium, wayengatholi sisavunyelwe ukuba sibe khona njengenhlangano yenkolo ezimele, futhi beshushiswa ngesihluku.

Ukushushiswa nokuhlekwa umphakathi imfihlo

Ngenxa yalokhu isimo inkolo iphuze kuphela njengoba umphakathi imfihlo ngamagama ahlukene. Kuyinto miphakathi waqala ukusekela imisinga entsha zezihlubuki, ngesinyenyela e-XI kanye no- XII eminyaka e-Europe ezivela eMpumalanga. подверглись на Востоке и на Западе, не смогли помешать развитию этой философии. Zonke ngoshushiso namaZoroaster futhi Manichaeism ezabekwa phansi kuya aseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga, ayikwazanga ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi nefilosofi. It kuye kwanda Pavlikian, bogomilstvo nangemva, kakade eWest, yaguqulwa zezihlubuki ngesikhathi Yama-Albigenses.

Izimfundiso futhi ngokuyisisekelo Manichaeism ekukhanyeni umlando ezikoleni zenkolo

Manichæism zingelashwa njengoba Zoroastrism aguqulwe okuyinto eziningi ukungcola namanye amafilosofi kusukela Iranian lasendulo ukuba umKristu. Njengengxenye umbono esikabili lokhu ifilosofi kuyinto okusikhumbuza nobu-Gnostic, elimelela izwe njengoba amabutho amabili alwayo - amabutho ukukhanya kuphelela khona ebumnyameni.

и ещё некоторые религиозные школы. Loku kuhlukile namanye amafilosofi umqondo ababethi Manichaeism, Ubu ngisho ezikoleni lenkolo ethile. Ukuze Gnostic, i-Spirit ne daba - izenzo ezimbili zokubonakaliswa okukhulu zokuphila. Kodwa Mani ichaza ukufundisa kwakhe kulesi sikhundla zenkolo futhi yomlando owumphumela wawo wonke vulamehlo noma ukuphrinta. Wathi izimfundiso umusa nokuhlakanipha kuza ezweni kuyinto njalo ngesimo izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuvivinya umzimba ezithunyweni zika Nkulunkulu.

. Ekugcineni, kwavela ifilosofi "Manichaeism". Okunye lukhombisa ukuthi umsunguli ngokuthi ngaleyo ndlela yena uMduduzi ukuthi Kristu wathembisa "uJohane."

Imfundiso Mani (Manichaeism) is wacasulwa lo mbono: ngokoqobo yethu inhlanganisela okuyizinto ezimbili eziyinhloko - okuhle nokubi, ukukhanya kuphelela khona ebumnyameni.

Kodwa ubunjalo Khanyisa True ingenye futhi elula. Ngakho-ke, ingabe akukhona ukuba noma yimuphi sekwenza omuhle kwesibi. Ububi asivelanga ezinhle futhi kufanele abe nesiqalo efanele. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka siqaphele izakhi ezimele ezimbili zokuqala, akaguquki empeleni yayo futhi yakha emihlabeni emibili behlukile.

Genesise nokukhanya

учение о простоте сущности света, которое не мешает различать формы. Ngokusho imfundiso yokuziphendukela Mani, Manichaeism - isifundiso inkimbinkimbi okushiwo ukukhanya, okuyinto kungaphazamisi ukuhlukanisa bobunjwa. Nokho, endaweni enhle ekubeni isazi sefilosofi ihlukanisa ubuNkulunkulu kuqala uqobo ngokuthi 'iNkosi Kwezwe "," umoya ukukhanya "yakhe nombuso (ezulwini) -". Ezweni Umusa " Inkosi yokukhanya sinezici ezinhlanu zokuziphatha: ukuhlakanipha, uthando, ukholo, ukwethembeka, nesibindi.

Khanyisa emoyeni yenethiwekhi akuyona indaba lokusesha izakhiwo ezinhlanu ezingaphansi ingqondo: ulwazi, ukuzola, ukucabanga, ethule cwaka, ukuqonda. IPharadesi has izindlela emihlanu ezithile nenhlalakahle afana izakhi emhlabeni wangempela, kodwa kuphela izakhiwo ezinhle: emoyeni, umoya, ukukhanya, amanzi, umlilo. izinga Ngamunye ubuNkulunkulu, komzimba ether nokukhanya benawo sphere yayo khona Blissful lapho owandile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wonke amabutho sokuba nobuntu obuhle (ukukhanya) bukhomba ukuthi indoda yokuqala usebenza - Adamu wasezulwini.

bahlukene

, представляют тоже разделённым на составные части: яд (противоположность воздуху), бурю (вихрь), противопоставление ветру, мрак (антитеза свету), туман (против воды) и пламя (пожирающее) как антитеза огню. Dark World, M Manichaeanism ani, nazo ahlukaniselwe izingxenye: Isihlungu (kuqhathaniswa emoyeni), isiphepho (vortex) okungafani umoya ebumnyameni (ukukhanya upholavuthondaba), inkungu (ngokumelene amanzi) nelangabi (ushwabadela) njengoba bokungafani lomlilo.

Zonke izici ebumnyameni abuthele ndawonye futhi sigxile amabutho azo kokwesikhulu ebumnyameni, ngokuyisisekelo sokusabela ngaleyo - engemihle futhi ayikwazi wanelisa, egcwele. Ngakho-ke, uSathane uzama imingcele impahla yabo, ukuze ukukhanya.

Against isikhulu amnyama odlula ukulwa Adamu wasezulwini. Ukuba empeleni eziyishumi izisekelo ubuNkulunkulu ether, yena njengoMenzi izingubo kanye izikhali izithathela omunye ngezici ezinhlanu "umhlaba nobukhosi."

Umuntu wokuqala ubeka phezu igobolondo kwangaphakathi - "kwathula" futhi embethe ingubo phezu kwezwe. Khona-ke u-Adamu wasezulwini imbozwe isihlangu lwamafu amanzi, uthatha umkhonto umoya nenkemba yelangabi. Ngemva kuyisikhathi eside yena wahlula bese beboshwa ebumnyameni ezansi esihogweni. Khona-ke wathumela umhlaba paradisiacal kakhulu (impilo kamama), lwamabutho okuhle khulula Adamu wasezulwini weza emhlabeni lasezulwini. Phakathi ukulwa esindayo umuntu wokuqala walahlekelwa isikhali sakhe: yezinhlobo ngalo siqanjwe, exutshwe ebumnyameni.

umshini Umhlaba

Lapho ukukhanya kodwa iwine kule ndaba kunezinxushunxushu wahlala yifa ebumnyameni. Ephakeme ubuNkulunkulu ufuna ukukhipha kuwo amazwi okungokwakho emhlabeni. Angels wathumela ukukhanya, ukuhlela emhlabeni ebonakalayo njengoba umshini eziyinkimbinkimbi for the isizinda izingxenye ukukhanya. Мани) видит в световых кораблях — Солнце и Месяце. Ikhaya semoto emhlabeni Manichaeism (inkolo Mani) ubona imikhumbi ukukhanya - ilanga nenyanga.

Kugcine njalo ukudansela isiginci sakhe izinhlayiya yokukhanya yasezulwini emhlabeni, elise kunonyezi. Kancane kancane sihamba kubo Sun (iziteshi ezingabonakali).

Ngemva kokuba kakade ehlutshiwe, hambani ningene ezweni wasezulwini. Angels, ukuhlela kanye nendawo yonke ebonakalayo, bashiya. Kodwa emhlabeni wangempela sublunary alondoloziwe okwamanje zombili lezi zici: ukukhanya kuphelela khona ebumnyameni. Ngakho-ke, lapho khona amabutho zombuso futhi elimnyama, elalihlala kanye ugxile futhi ngaba elikhanyayo igobolondo Adamu wasezulwini.

Umhlaba abantu, nozalo lwabo

Lezi izikhulu amnyama (archons) ashaqe esifundeni sublunary futhi umthelela wabo ukuziphatha umsuka abantu Zomhlaba - Adamu no-Eva. Laba bantu babe ngokwazo izinhlayiya we "igobolondo" wasezulwini kanye yezicathulo ebumnyameni. Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, incazelo iqala like inganekwane kweBhayibheli division of isintu uKhayini no kaSeti inzalo.

Kwakusuka uhlobo uSeti (Shitil) bangaphansi ukunakekelwa njalo lwebandla lasezulwini, okuyinto ngezikhathi abonise leso senzo sabo ngokusebenzisa amalunga akhethwe (ezifana Buddha). Lona umnyombo yefilosofi imfundiso ethi has Manichaeism. , на первый взгляд, детское представление о бытии. Lokhu, Uma unganakile, bafundzi wempilo.

Ukungqubuzana ubuKristu

ukubukwa Mani sika maqondana ubuKristu ukudlula umuntu uKristu ngokwakhe ephikisana kakhulu.

Ngokwemibiko ethile, naye wayekholelwa ukuthi uKristu wasezulwini ethatha isinyathelo emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa enguJesu. Noma kunjalo, ayixhunyiwe ngaphakathi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ngesikhathi kokubethelwa kukaJesu yashiywa dengwane. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, indoda egama layo linguJesu neze. Kwakukhona kuphela zomoya zasezulwini kaKristu, ebonakala njengamaqhawe indoda ghostly. Mani wafuna ukushabalalisa umqondo of incarnation noma langempela uxhumano waphezulu futhi natures wobuntu kaKristu.

извлечь и собрать все светлые элементы, заключённые в мире земном (человеческом). Nokho, ngenxa yemizamo yakhe kwakuyiyona imfundiso, lapho bebehlala khona: iqedwe ngendlela efanayo ... Uma ukudalula Manichaeism kafushane (ekukhanyeni emfundisweni yobuKristu), singasho ukuthi izingelosi kufanele kukhishwe futhi ukuqoqa wonke izakhi ukukhanya, ebiyelwe emhlabeni lasemhlabeni (womuntu). Lapho sekuseduze kwaqedwa le nqubo, yavutha zonke ngamazulu nomhlaba okungokoqobo. Injongo yalo yomlilo - ukwabiwa esidlule, abasasele kuwo izinhlayiya ukukhanya.

Umphumela walokhu uyoba isitatimende okuphakade ngaphakathi emihlabeni emibili, womabili siyohlala ngokwahlukana kwemibandela futhi ephelele kusuka komunye nomunye.

Manichaeism ngekusasa

Ukuphila ukuthi ethanda ukuza emva lezi zenzakalo ezichazwe ngenhla, uzobe okusekelwe ezimisweni of webumbacambili: umzabalazo phakathi kokuhle nokubi, umoya futhi ndaba. Ukuthuthukisa wezulu, kancane nahlanza Okuningi ngokwempilo yangenyama futhi ngokwengxenye ngemva kokufa (at sizi ezahlukene, okuyizinto imibono enkulu nokunyanyisayo) ifakiwe ePharadesi Umusa.

Imiphefumulo nge kwenchubo Infernal phakade igxilile endaweni yobumnyama. Izidumbu zabantu abangu-zombili izinhlobo imiphefumulo bayobhujiswa. Ukuvuswa kwabafileyo, njengoba ebuKristwini, Mani ezikhishiwe.

Ukuzila futhi ohlangothini isiko

Ngo Manichaeism, njengoba kunoma iyiphi imfundiso, kukhona theory kanye umkhuba okuyinto kuyehla kube ukuphila injabulo.

Ukuze lokhu atehlukanisa kokugwema inyama, iwayini nobuhlobo bobulili obuseduze. Labo abangavumelani esimweni ukubamba, akufanele kufakwe inani lamakholwa, kodwa futhi nethuba ukuzisindisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze asize umphakathi Manichean.

Amakholwa zingena ngaphansi kwezigaba ezintathu:

• Catechumens.
• Kukhethwe.
• Ephelele.

Lesakhiwo abe ngumpristi Manichaeism futhi awuzange ezimiselwe abambe. Nokho, ngokuvumelana Britannica, kukhona izinkomba ababhishobhi Supreme uMbhishobhi Omkhulu, ababesezweni okusha eBhabhiloni.

Ngo Manichaeism esontweni omkhulu we party ingafinyeleleki.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi Late Ephakathi kwaba isiko izandla ngokuthi "induduzo" futhi imihlangano umthandazo bagcwala emaculweni ekhethekile sihambisana umculo wezinsimbi, iphinde ifunde izincwadi ezingcwele aseleyo we umsunguli wenkolo.

Fragments lemibhalo Manichaean atholakele ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka. Le ndawo ibigcwele ekutholeni Chinese Turkestan. Futhi ngo-1930, i-Coptic zebungu translation Mani imibhalo kanye abafundi bakhe bokuqala atholakele. Kwathi e-Egypt. Utfola kungenzeka hlandla nye of imininingwane nokuphila umsunguli Manichaeism, futhi ngokuyisisekelo izimfundiso.