Le noveli "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" (Harper Lee): ukubuyekezwa. "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird": sakhiwo isifinyezo

Abantu abaningi ngaphambi ufunda incwadi ethile, zama yokuthola lokuqala Izibuyekezo zalo ezihlukahlukene. "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" - umsebenzi ukuthi uyabuthwa nezithameli esikhulu sabantu kufundwa happy kakhulu Kulokhu bamshiya umxhwele, ngakho-ke, kungokwemvelo ukuthi abaningi uzama ukufunda ngakho ngokuningiliziwe.

Umlando kumbhali

Njengabanye abaningi, umlobi walo msebenzi hlonishwa njengomphakathi "wayeyisazi incwadi eyodwa." Into wukuthi kule noveli "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" Harper kwaba umsebenzi kuphela, kodwa le ncwadi, okuyinto ekugcineni ngathola ukuhunyushwa egcwele cishe zonke izilimi zomhlaba, umlobi waklonyeliswa kunako we Pulitzer Prize.

Ngemva kwalokho Library Journal uye waqaphela umsebenzi ukuze noveli engcono abhalwe Melika kulo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umbhali waklonyeliswa Medal of Freedom futhi - aphakeme US umklomelo zomsebenzi.

Umbhali luqobo kuye ubeke ngokuphindaphindiwe ngempumelelo umsebenzi wakhe. Uma sikhuluma ngalokho noveli "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" okuqukethwe, le ncazelo yokuthi lezo nkinga ezinkulu emphakathini ngaleso sikhathi, kanye umbono wabo phezu ingxenye ingane, futhi noma iyiphi impumelelo yomsebenzi wethu Harper ayengakulindele. Ngisho ngaphezulu: kumbhali ukholelwa ukuthi le noveli sibheke ezandleni a baxgeki for okusheshayo "ukufa." Kodwa yacabanga ukuthi incwadi usekhona umuntu ongakuthanda, futhi eminye namanje waqhubeka nokubhala. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokubhala "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird," usho ezithenjwayo komncane kunabo, kodwa ekugcineni uthole okuningi kakhulu.

Iyini le ncwadi mayelana?

"Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" - inoveli, esanyatheliswa kakade kuqhathaniswa ezikude 1960. Umbhali waleli ucezu kuyinto American ngegama Harper Lee, wona uqobo kungokwalabo uhlobo lokukhishwa inoveli zemfundo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngokungafani kakhulu nezinye namuhla yobuciko ezaziwayo, lo msebenzi cishe ngokushesha lwamukelwa ngokomthetho uMkhandlu-umphakathi wezwe lonke, futhi kamuva ngonyaka wathola le Pulitzer Prize.

ngokukhethekile kufanele ikhokhwe yokuthi izinhlamvu futhi indaba kusekelwe kokuma siqu umbhali umndeni kanye angomakhelwane imindeni yakhe eduze lakubo. Ngokuvamile, lezi izinkumbulo, ngokuvumelana iningi umbhali, zivela 1936, lapho eseneminyaka engu-10 kuphela ubudala. Nakuba incwadi ekuqaleni yiso imfundo, abafundi babo bonke ubudala uthola Izibuyekezo evumayo kakhulu. "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" manje yohlelo oyisibopho esikoleni ngoba US okwamanje ke sifundwa kuwo cishe u-80% inani eliphelele ezikoleni zaseMelika.

Le noveli yaziwa abaningi ngoba wonke umqondo walo eziyingqayizivele amahlaya nokufudumala esiyingqayizivele. Isimo esinjalo usebenza kokugomela naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-inqubo yokufunda kuxoxwa izinto ezimbi kakhulu njengesifo ubuhlanga kanye ukudlwengula. Ubaba umlandzi, ogama lakhe Attikus Finch likhona imodeli zokuziphatha ukuze umfundi ngamunye, futhi simele Ngokwesibonelo eziyingqayizivele ummeli ngokwethembeka. In amazwi alo mhlaziyi yasekhaya E. B. Kuzmin, Harper Lee nalo kunikeza isifundo kwabantu okusezingeni eliphezulu nesibindi civil, ngoba Atticus, eqinisweni, yilokho ngokuphelele evamile futhi indoda ukucasha, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuboniswa ngemehlo izingane ababhekene eyodwa eshisayo ukuziphatha kwakhe futhi ekugcineni beba okuthile okubalulekile ngempela.

Mhlawumbe yingakho ngisho izingane ashiye le noveli wokubuyekezwa okuvumelekile. "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" asikisela ukuthi ingane ngayinye has a umuzwa wobulungisa, okuyinto abazalwa naso sokwazi uNkulunkulu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaphansi kwethonya izwe nezwe, izingane ziqala ukuthola zonke izinhlobo ubandlululo, kancane kancane kakhulu futhi imizwa ngaphezulu nalo muzwa.

Imiklomelo kanye Imiklomelo

Ngokwe-Air Force okufushane konyaka 2003 kule simo phezulu 200 emhlabeni izincwadi kule noveli wathatha isikhundla lwesithupha, futhi ekuqaleni 2016 ukusakazwa kwalo Imininingwane ifinyelele khona amakhophi ayizigidi ezingu-30. translation Russian umsebenzi kwenziwe Raisoy Oblonskoy futhi Noroy Gal, ukuthi kungase kube ezithakazelisayo ngalabo abaqhubeka bedle omuhle walokhu inoveli, futhi okusele kwawo wokubuyekezwa okuvumelekile. "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" - ingenye yalezo zincwadi ukuthi ziyadingeka Ukufundwa wonke umuntu. Nokho, Ngokusemthethweni, lo mbono isekela uhulumeni wase-US kuphela.

Umbhali wadala izinhlamvu esekelwe bangempela, kuyiqiniso eyaziwa. Ngakho, sibonelo of dill, umngane ngiswa abasemqoka abazizwa, kuyinto umbhali American okuthiwa Truman Capote, ngawo kumbhali wayengumngane esemncane, njengoba wayephila komakhelwane.

Futhi kokukhuluma kuwufanele yokuthi Finch - akuyona abavele bakhethwa nesibongo, uyise isidlaliso Harper sika.

umlayeto lomcoka

Encwadini "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird," indaba lumayelana indaba ethinta inhliziyo umndeni ukuthi uhlala edolobheni elincane elibizwa ngokuthi Mayombo, Alabama. Zonke isenzo senzeka khona phakathi namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu elidlule, phakathi neNkathi Yokuwohloka Okukhulu, futhi indaba ngokwayo usitshela intombazane eneminyaka engu-iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.

Esikhathini "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird," indaba ebonisa abafundi emangalisayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokubikezela izinto ezididayo nezingathembekile emhlabeni eziphikisanayo, okuyinto uyawavula amehlo umntwana, nalo futhi egcina kanye umfundi. Kulesi yonke kukhona zonke: inkinga of omdala nokwesaba yezingane, elibuhlungu kanye ukoma ekufuneni ubulungiswa, banikezwe yinkimbinkimbi umndeni nezinkinga zobuhlanga, kuba nezokusigcoba kakhulu ngesikhathi eNingizimu Melika.

Le noveli "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" iqukethe maphakathi umlando ecaleni umuntu omnyama, osolwa ubugebengu ukuthi awuzange kutifaka kubo. Nokho, uyise ka-umlingisi losemcoka, kuyinto ummeli, phela, wanquma ukumelela insizwa nokulwisana izinyo kanye nail ukuthola ubulungiswa. Nakuba kwabaningi kuba ihlaya.

Kuyinto onjalo 'Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird "isichasiselo kungaba cishe ukuchaza zithembiso eziyisisekelo umsebenzi.

indaba

Incwadi iqala indaba ukhokho ozala Finch, owayebizwa ngokuthi Simon. Yena wayengumbulali Methodist, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uzama kugwenywe ezibangelwa ukungabekezelelani ngokwenkolo eNgilandi, ekugcineni okwaholela ukuba Alabama. Lapha aluthola Engcebweni yakhe futhi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ayenakho izinkolelo ezithile ezingokwenkolo, wanquma ukuthenga i-a izinceku ambalwa. Empeleni, lena kuphela ngesakhiwo, ositshela umfundi ukuba aqonde umsuka umndeni ngendlela abalingiswa abasemqoka. Iqala kanjalo-ke Harper Lee "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird." Yini bhuku ekuqaleni ayinawo umbono ophelele.

Indaba eyinhloko iqala cishe iminyaka emithathu emva inkathi eyayinzima kunazo zonke Okukhulu Kwezomnotho futhi iqala Meykomb, okuyinto futhi eziqanjiwe ukuze ibekwe ngumlobi ngokuthi "ukhathele impilo ende." Ngokusho umlandzi, umuzi isimo Alabama.

Njengoba umlingisi losemcoka noveli livela Jean Luiza Finch, ngubani wayeneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kanye ohlala endlini efanayo noyise, Atticus, nomfowethu omdala Jim. Uyise wasebenza njengoba ummeli, futhi encwadini, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ibekwe njengoba indoda njalo fair, ehlakaniphile futhi sibe nomusa kumuntu izimiso eziqinile zokuziphatha nezingokomoya.

Jim Jean ngokuzumayo nomfana okuthiwa dill ovakashela ngamunye Meykomb ehlobo ukuvakashela u-anti wakhe. It kuvela ukuthi bonke abantwana singesabi kakhulu umakhelwane wazo ngegama Radley, aze amnikeza isidlaliso Boo. Sam Radley kuyinto 'idla yodwa futhi azivamile ukuboniswa iso.

Abadala Meykomba, isimiso, ezama ngazo zonke izindlela ukugwema ukuxoxa lo Scarecrow, futhi iminyaka eminingi, kwakunabamemezeli abambalwa kuphela abangabodwa usulibonile, kodwa abantwana ngenkuthalo vusa umcabango nomunye amahemuhemu ezahlukene mayelana nokubukeka kwakhe, ukuba kanye kungenzeka umbangela kude kangaka. Ikakhulu, amathuluzi asetshenziswayo ziphuphe ngezinto ngendlela ongasebenzisa zizame ukusiyenga bamkhiphe endlini. Ngemva amaholide amabili ehlobo ne dill, Jim Jean wabona ukuthi othile njalo kubenza bangabi izipho ezincane isihlahla, etholakala eduze nendlu Radley. Ngakho, izikhathi eziningana indoda ongaqondakali kuyabasiza izimpawu ezicacile ukunakwa, kodwa izingane badumazeke ukuthi akazange alinge avele phambi kwabo mathupha.

Ngalesi sikhathi, Atticus wanquma ukuthatha ibhizinisi ukulahlekelwa, bazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuvikela amalungelo Tom Robinson - black, wedlula ngecala lokudlwengula owesifazane osemusha zaseCaucasia, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu abangayazi abanamathela isikhundla ummeli, futhi umelana ngisho kakhulu ke. Abanye kunezingane njalo bakugcone mfowethu nangokuthi dadewethu ngoba izenzo likayise, futhi Jin uzama ukuya ngokuvikela isithunzi ngobaba wakhe, yize yamtshela ukuthi lena akuyona kuwufanele. Atticus yena ebhekene neqembu abantu ababhekana ngaso sonke yena ukuba Lynch Tom, kodwa ingozi wayephezu ngemva izingane ezintathu lenhloni isixuku, baphoqeleka ukuba sibheke isimo esasiqhubeka ngokombono uTom Atticus.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-Pope akazange bathande ukuhilela izingane zabo ukuba zokulingwa Tom Robinson, dill, Jim Jean ngakhetha ukuzifihla emphemeni. Atticus ukuthi abashushisi, okuyinto Meyella noyise okuthiwa Bob Ewell (futhi owayengumphathi isidakwa sendawo) ozama kwethuka ikhasimende lakhe, futhi kuvela ukuthi Meyella oyedwa wazama ukuzicelela Tom, kodwa ngemva kokuba uyise wabanjwa lokhu, ukuthi ngesihluku emshaya. Naphezu khona kobufakazi abalulekile kakhulu ubumsulwa ikhasimende lakhe, Atticus akazange ukuphatha ukukholisa amajaji whereupon Jim Atticus udumazeke kakhulu kuleli lobulungiswa US, njengoba uTom esikhathini esizayo esiseduze okukhomba ngenkathi izama ukuzibalekela.

Nokho, lokhu akugcini indaba "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" - umbhali (Harper Lee) ezama buyisa ahluleli. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi leli cala iwine, idumela Bob Ewell sika yacekeleka phansi ngokuphelele, futhi wanquma okuziphindiselela. Emgwaqweni emhlanganweni, lapho esephimisela ngokomphakathi ubuso Atticus sika, bese uzama ukuba singangeni ngenkani endlini kaJehova Ijaji, esongela futhi ngomfazi Tom Robinson, wayengumfelokazi. Ngemva kwalokho wanquma ukuhlasela labo abangakwazi ukuzivikela ngokuphelele Jean noJim ngesikhathi ziya emakhaya abo ngemuva kokuphela party esikoleni we-Halloween. Kungazelelwe omunye kufika ukusiza izingane, futhi indoda ongaqondakali ithwala Jim ne nokuphola kwengalo ephukile endlini lapho umfana uyazi ukuthi wasiza ngempela Boo Radley efanayo.

Ngemva kwalokhu, umvuthwandaba "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird." Umbhali (Harper Lee) Ulandisa ngendlela sikaZwelonke Meykomba ubona ukuthi Bob Ewell bafile empini, bese phikisana Atticus mayelana ngokuhlakanipha noma Jim Radley umthwalo. Ummeli, ekugcineni, banquma ukuvuma ukusebenza version of the sikaZwelonke ngalokho Ewell nje ngephutha wawela phezu ummese wakhe, kanye Scarecrow ucela Jin ukuba amphelezele endlini yakhe, futhi ngemva uthi goodbye kuye emnyango, abawuboni ngokuphelele iphele. Jin ivuliwe kompheme Radley uqobo abathanda ukuphenya nokuzama ukuqonda indlela ukuphila ubukeka ngokombono umnikazi wendlu, ezisola nangokuthi babengenawo ithuba umbonge izipho wenza kubo.

ukuhlolwa

Umkhiqizo "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" izingcaphuno ngakho uthathe ingqondo baphathe anencazelo ejulile, ukuthi kakade 1962, iqondiswe nguRobert Mulligan wanquma ifilimu inoveli ifilimu yakhe entsha. Iqhaza main e movie wanika Gregory Peck futhi isithombe ku ukuphela kwenzakala emangalisayo yimpumelelo, ukuze uqokelwe "Oscar" kanye ezigabeni ezahlukene ayisishiyagalombili. Le filimu iwine ngezigaba ezintathu:

• Umlingisi Kuhle;
• kwenkundla engcono;
• Kuhle kwaguqulwa Webhayisikobho.

Ngenxa yalokhu, kusukela "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" izingcaphuno yaqala ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke, futhi i-movie kuze kube manje njalo temabhodlela izilinganiso ezihlukahlukene amabhayisikobho engcono ezikhishwe emlandweni cinema American. Ngokuvamile, ngisho nakwamanye amazwe, lokhu iphethini yaziwa njengenye omunye wemisebenzi emlandweni cinema emhlabeni wonke.

Kungenxa yalesi sizathu lithathelwe "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" Kunconywa ukuba ibukwe, kanye ukufundwa inoveli.

Ubonani lapha?

Cishe wonke umfundi sale ncwadi sinikeza kwakuhlala isikhathi eside.

Kungokwemvelo ukuthi "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" incazelo awakwazi ukuveza okushiwo umsebenzi, ngakho mhlawumbe isizathu ukuyifunda othile ukuba abe nobufakazi abantu bahlatshwa umxhwele le noveli. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izimpendulo, ngaphandle ezingavamile, abasele omuhle kuphela.

Nokho, abanye abasebenzisi kusikisela ukuthi "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" ukuhunyushwa isidlaliso umlingiswa oyinhloko akuyona ngempela lesifanele, kodwa bona ngokwabo ngokuvamile bathi lokhu neze kuthinta umbono jikelele kanye akusho bonakalise umbono incwadi ukuhumusha Russian.

amaphuzu asemqoka

Uma sikhuluma izici eziyinhloko yale ncwadi, ogujwa abafundi, kuyafaneleka ezimbalwa:

• Ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa. Le noveli ingafundwa izingane kanye nabantu abadala nentsha, kanye nabantu abadala ngeke ngisho wenze noma yiziphi izibonelelo lokuthi umkhiqizo ekuqaleni okuhloswe kuphela njengoba izincwadi zezingane.
• Diversity. Lapha sibheka nesibalo esikhulu izinkinga, okuyinto ilula kakhulu futhi kuyaqondakala zichazwe imininingwane, futhi ngisho noma ubheka ukudluliswa zabo kungaba kakade uthole indzaba ezinhle.
• Umlando womuntu ophilako. Ngo inqubo kokufunda kuba sobala ukuthi umbhali ebekwe imibono ukuza kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe. Ngesikhathi kudalwa "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" ngalokho ukubhala, umlobi akazange acabange - ayekwazi.
• izikhathi Kubi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi incwadi izingane yokuqala sika ngisho abadala ngezinye izikhathi uqaphela ezinye izikhathi okwesabisayo ukuthi ngempela zibonisa ngokoqobo yethu nawe. Futhi lokhu awasebenzi sihlukunyezwa mayelana ukucindezelwa kwabantu abamnyama, futhi, isibonelo, emkhathini owenziwa Scarecrow - nendoda ongaziwa abahlala endlini belusizi futhi waphila ukuphila ngedwa.
• Imfundo. Njengoba lokhu kuyinto inoveli ezemfundo, isihloko unikezwa ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngisho inkinga yokucindezela abaNsundu ukuphela iya endleleni. Atticus eme phambi kwethu njengesibonelo ungubaba omuhle, futhi kuvela ukuthi ngisho kudingeka ukufunda noma yimaphi amabhuku ku Psychology usakhula, ukuze bagcine ngandlela-thile yokuthola ulimi olulodwa kanye nomntwana, kwanele ukufunda lencwadi, ngoba akukho ibinzana eyodwa walizwakalisa Atticus mayelana nemfundo yezingane zabo, akakwazi ngokuthi ayilungile, silly noma angadingeki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ekugcineni, uzizwa ntofontofo ingane, hhayi abazali.
• Ubandlululo. Kuthintwa umbhali kanye lesi sihloko ngobuqotho ukuthi sifaneleka ikakhulu uthi aseningizimu Melika kahle leyo minyaka.
• sengqondo 'uHerd. Ingane uthulisa isixuku esikhulu ngamazwi alula singathi, uhlukanisa wabayisa izingxenye ezincane futhi wenze wonke umuntu ucabanga ngalokho okwenzekayo.

incazelo emfushane

Kuyilungelo futhi ezimnandi encwadini, ngokuvamile ibuke, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi alinge ukuthenga nokufunda. Kuthatha umfundi ebuntwaneni bese sibonisa indlela isisekelo selibekiwe ngenxa yokuphila komuntu ngamunye, ngoba izingane nibheka umhlaba ngeso abadala futhi wenze eziphethweni zayo, ekuboneni amanga kancane futhi ngokushesha ubona ukushayisana phakathi kwe ngamazwi nangezenzo. Yingakho ingane akanakukhohliswa, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uhlale phambi yena.

Abantu abaningi bangathandi Isihloko sale ncwadi, ngenxa igama elifanayo, futhi edwetshwe isembozo izingane eziningi hhayi izinhlangano emnandi kunazo, nakuba abanye baphendukela efanayo ngisho kancane ethakazelisayo. Ngenhlanhla, umsebenzi ngokuvamile kufakwe yokwakheka amaqoqo ahlukahlukene, futhi abaningi ngokwethukela ebhekene bese uzama ukufunda.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abanye abantu abaye bahlola noveli "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" okuqukethwe, ngisho kancane nomona ngalabo abangakazizwa ukufunda, kodwa ngemva kokutadisha lonke icebo namanje kabusha funda izikhathi eziningana encwadini, ezama ukugxila ukunakekela kwakhe ezinye emaphuzwini angekho obala, amaphuzu, ezimali Pick phakathi kwemigqa.

Yini esingayifunda?

Empeleni, lo mkhiqizo zingatholakala eziningi imibono ewusizo ngokufundisa, mayelana nemfundo yezingane zabo, kanye umbono phezu kwezwe futhi aliziphikisi lokhu kubukwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha ungabona ubudlelwane ekahle umndeni, okuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingane nabazali, kodwa futhi enhle kakhulu umfowabo ubungane udadewabo, lapho esekulungele ukumelela nomunye nakuzo zonke izimo, kodwa omunye akazange bazenza icala.

Yilokho Angase aphendukele inoveli "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" abuyekezwe umfundi abavamile. Lena incwadi waba nomuzwa Amazing nje ingezwe esikoleni olusemthethweni hlelo USA kanti futhi mhlawumbe kufanele aye enezelwa ku izinhlelo kwamanye amazwe, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi hhayi zonke izinkinga ke amakheli ehambisana ezweni lanamuhla . Incwadi "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" kukhona sidluliselwe zonke izingane nabantu abadala, yingakho-ke ukufunda kubalulekile hhayi kuphela izingane kodwa kuwo wonke umuntu.

Leli bhuku afakwe ohlwini inkomba singakufundanga lokho ngempela eliningi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ekugcineni banombono ngaleli bhuku. Inani elikhulu of amabhonasi kanye nokubuyekeza ikakhulukazi omuhle - lena kuphela isisusa olwengeziwe ukuze ulifunde yayo kulabo namanje singabaze ukuthi ufunda inoveli Harper Li "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird." Yini incwadi, ukuyibeka ngamazwi nje kancane kanzima - kungcono uyifunde ngokwakho.