Le mpi eyinhloko kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. yezimpi ezinkulu neMpi Yezwe I.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, wonke umlando wesintu - uchungechunge izimpi futhi truces, ngezinye izikhathi izivakashi, ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside. Ezinye izimpi elahleka ezisenkumbulweni eminyaka, abanye Nokho ahlale ekulalelweni, nazo zonke kusulwe, ukhohlwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. A impi ukuthi kuye kwabulala abantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-20, nezilima impi olukhudlwana egameni okuyinto lyutovali hhayi kuphela e-Europe kodwa futhi e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, kancane kancane liyancipha ku esedlule. Futhi isizukulwane esisha hhayi kuphela akazi yezimpi ezinkulu kweMpi Yezwe I, kodwa awukwazi ngisho ukukhumbula nohlaka ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo leli khasi emlandweni, igcwele igazi futhi ugcwele wokushiswa neziqhumane izindlu.

abahlanganyeli

Kwamaqembu alwayo aye ahlanganiswa namanye zibe amabhlogo amabili - i Entente, lengxenye yesine (Triple Alliance). Ukwakheka waqale wangena Russian futhi imibuso British, France (kanye emazweni amaningi ahlangene, kuhlanganise USA, Japan). Triple Alliance waphetha Italy, eJalimane nase-Austria-Hungary. Nokho, kamuva Italy emiswa oMfelandawonye kanye oMfelandawonye waqala yoMbuso WaseTurkey futhi Bulgaria ngaphansi kophiko lwayo. Lokhu kuhlobana owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi Ikota Union. Izimbangela zempi, okwaholela yezimpi ezinkulu kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ngokuthi ezahlukene, kodwa cishe namanje akwaziwa ukuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi sezici ezimbalwa, kuhlanganise kwezomnotho, indawo. I abilayo emhlabeni yafinyelelwa lapho eSarajevo ubulele iNkosana Franz Ferdinand, banethemba elikhulu Austro-Hungarian Empire. Ngakho, waqala kusukela 28 July countdown impi.

Marne impi

Lona mhlawumbe yezimpi ezinkulu kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, kusukela ekuqaleni, ngo-September 1914. Arena yokulwa zenzeka enyakatho yeFrance, wathatha mayelana 180 km 5 iqhaza amabutho eJalimane futhi 6 eNgilandi naseFrance. Ngenxa yalokho, i-oMfelandawonye ephethwe ezithiya amacebo ukunqotshwa okusheshayo yeFrance, ngaleyo ndlela ukuguqula inkambo ikusasa empini.

Impi yase-Galicia

Lokhu amabutho ukusebenza kwe-Empire Russian yayimakwe njengokuthi izimpi eyinhloko kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ukuthi ungcwatshwa Eastern Front ekuqaleni we empini. I standoff yathatha iminyaka engaba ngu ngenyanga, kusukela ngo-August no-September 1914, futhi wathatha ingxenye abantu mayelana 2 million. -Austria-Hungary ngenxa ilahlekelwe ezingaphezu kuka-325 amabutho ayizinkulungwane (iziboshwa okufakayo) kanye neRussia yama - 230 ayizinkulungwane.

Impi yase-Jutland

Lena impi enkulu kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ukuthi babekuphi egcwele eNorth Sea (eduze Jutland nhlonhlo). Ukuchitheka Kwagqashuka phakathi navies Germany WaseBrithani-31 Meyi no-1 Juni 1916, ukulingana kwamandla kwaba imikhumbi 99 148 (ku ukuphakama ohlangothini British). Ukulahlekelwa nhlangothi zombili babe obonakala khulu (ngokulandelana, 11 imikhumbi abantu abangaphezulu kuka-3 ayizinkulungwane kuthabathela ecaleni German kanye nemikhumbi 14 futhi cishe 7,000 lokulwa British). Kodwa contender ukunqoba wabelane - nakuba eJalimane yehlulekile ukufinyelela target futhi ephule nokuvinjelwa, kodwa futhi ukulahlekelwa isitha kwakuyinto ephawuleka kakhulu.

Impi yase-Verdun

Lona omunye Amakhasi olunegazi kakhulu, kuhlanganise yezimpi ezinkulu kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, olwadonsa iningi 1916 (Februwari-December) e enyakatho-mpumalanga yeFrance. Ngenxa yalokho yokulwa sabulala abantu abangaba yisigidi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Verdun inyama grinder" kwaba kuzalwa kokunqotshwa Triple Alliance kanye nokuqinisa Entente.

Brusilov wokuhlasela

Le mpi ka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala nge iqhaza waseRussia eNingizimu-Western Front wayengomunye walaba kakhulu emikhulu isinyathelo sezempi, ihlelwe umyalo Russian ngqo. Ukuqala amabutho esiphathiswe Jikelele Brusilov, wethulwa June 1916, phezu kwesigaba Austria. izimpi Bloody ngempumelelo obuhlukahlukene kwaqhubeka kuwo ehlobo futhi kwekwindla, kodwa namanje aphume impi-Austria-Hungary kuhlulekile, kodwa ukulahlekelwa omkhulu of the Empire, Russian yaba enye yezindawo yelikhono ezaholela February Revolution.

ukusebenza Nivelle

okuhlaselayo Inxanxathela yakhelwe sikushintshe lokho manje izimpi phezu Western Front, lahlelwa ngokuhlanganyela iBrithani neFrance, futhi yathatha-Ephreli Meyi 1917, futhi embukisweni amandla abo kakhulu lidlula amakhono eJalimane. Nokho, ukuze afeze intuthuko brilliant kuhlulekile, kodwa isibalo izisulu iyamangalisa - amabutho oMfelandawonye elahlekile abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-340, kuyilapho amaJalimane sivikele - 163 ayizinkulungwane.

The main tank izimpi seMpi Yezwe I.

Ngesikhathi the First World ngenkathi bekholelwa amathangi asikafiki, kodwa kwadingeka ukuba kuqashelwe. Septhemba 15, 1916 okokuqala enkundleni yempi kwesokunxele British Mk.I, futhi imishini okungenani 49, 18 kuphela bakwazi ukubamba iqhaza (17 Kwatholakala ukuthi kube nemaphutsa ngisho nangaphambi ukulwa, futhi 14 itjhuguluko engekhe yalungiseka wanamathela endleleni noma aphume inkonzo ngenxa umonakalo) , kodwa kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo uye waletha ukuxakeka phakathi kwababusi isitha namaJalimane wafohla umugqa 5 km ukujula.

Le mpi sokuqala senzeka ngqo phakathi imishini is closer kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi, ngesikhathi Wheeler Breton ngo-Ephreli 1918 ngokuzumayo wabhekana ezintathu Mk.IV (England) kanye ezintathu A7V (eJalimane), okuholela ithangi ngalapha nangalapha zacekeleka phansi, kodwa umphumela jikelele kunzima ukuhumusha esivuna ngenye inhlangano. Ngosuku olufanayo, "esibi" ngesiNgisi Mk.A, owayehlushwa asalelwe umhlangano A7V kuqala. Nakuba isilinganiso kwaba 1: 7, kodwa inzuzo uhlala ohlangothini isibhamu "German" kubuye kusekelwe kanye wezikhali.

Ukungqubuzana abathandwayo livelile, futhi ngo-October 8, 1918, lapho i-British wabhekana 4 Mk.IV futhi inani elifanayo okufanayo amathangi German (ethumba), ukulahlekelwa ezivele nge zombili. Nokho, impi eyinhloko kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kwesokunxele engasekelwa esiyingozi izimoto ezintsha zempi.

The First World kuye kwaholela ngokuwa kanye ezine kwemibuso emikhulu - eBritish, WaseTurkey, Austro-Hungarian no isiRashiya, futhi wahlupheka abawinile e ebusweni Entente, futhi yahlulwa ubuso eJalimane, e-Austria-Hungary, ukuze amaJalimane isikhathi eside ezihlelwe ophucwa ithuba ukwakha umbuso elihlomile.

Izisulu impi yaqala amasosha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-abazihlelele abayizigidi ezingu-12 no-10 emhlabeni wonke ifikile Lesi yisikhathi esinzima kakhulu sokusinda nokulungiswa kwesimo esidalekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwaba phakathi neminyaka 1914-1919 kwakukhona ukuthuthukiswa lubonakale izikhali, umshini ukukhanya izibhamu asetshenziswa nini ngokokuqala ngqá, amabhomu iziqhumane, beziphawuleka emigwaqweni impi futhi amathangi, futhi isibhakabhaka - ezindizeni waqala ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa emoyeni ngoba amabutho. Nokho, izimpi olukhulu kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kwakukhona kuphela harbingers impi ukuthi zenzeka emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili.