Lapho kwakukhona kwemashi eMoscow Tokhtamysh?

umkhankaso Bloody ngokumelene Tokhtamysh eMoscow kwenzeka ngo 1382. Imphathise indawo ngokushesha ngemva Battle of Kulikov, lapho amabutho Russian wahlasela AmaTatar. Dmitry Donskoy impumelelo ithemba izakhamuzi ubukhulu eMoscow, manje kwencika le Khan isiqedile. Nokho, impi siye saba buthaka isimo, futhi uma ngemva kweminyaka emibili Tokhtamysh kwaba ngaphansi izindonga eMoscow, abakhileyo emazweni Slavic ayiphethwe ukuhlela ukumelana ehloniphekile.

INGEMUVA ukushaywa

Engxenyeni ekhulwini XIV yesibili, zolotaya Orda wayengaselona isimo eyodwa. Khan baba namandla bokuzisholo. kweziphathimandla zempi eminingi temniki ephethwe ngamabandla abo siqu lapho ngezikhathi Uzame ukuba anqotshwe lonke zidlamlilo. Ngobusuku obandulela Battle of Kulikov isikhungo zezombusazwe ezimbili isungule ku Tartar asemaqeleni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kwaba Khan Tokhtamysh, owayesanda ashaqe inhlokodolobha lonke zidlamlilo. Imbangi yakhe kwaba umama - grey ezibalula inani, ngubani lalinethonya elikhulu phakathi kwezinhloko zamaviyo. It, nguyena oku holele lwesiTatar impi, empini odumile Dmitriem Donskim.

Njengoba ayenqotshiwe, Mamay ebalekela eCrimea, lapho baqoqa uhlala abayimizulane abaqotho. Njengoba sinefu encane, wazama bazivikele kuhlasela Tokhtamysh, owayefuna ukuqeda induna nje umphikisi wakhe. Le mpi yathatha indawo loMfula i-Kalka River, lapho unina waphinda wanqoba. Yena yagijima iphindelela eCrimea, lapho abulawa khona. Manje Tokhtamysh waba ukuphela kombusi Golden zidlamlilo.

Ukwenqaba ngincome Dmitry Donskoy

Ngemva kokunqoba kwakhe, uKhan entsha wathumela amanxusa eMoscow. Wathi iSikhulu eMoscow, manje ukuthi amandla zidlamlilo ibuyiselwe umbusi Russian kumelwe uqhube nokukhokhwa inkokhiso. Tokhtamysh futhi ubonge Don ngokunqoba Mamai - a umgabadeli futhi owenza. Dmitry ehloniphekayo sihlangabezane amanxusa, kodwa wenqaba ukuba ikhokhe intela futhi uyazisa yena selikhonza we Khan.

Lezi zindaba kuye kwaholela Tokhtamysh wagan 'unwabu. Wayengafuni ukuba bangayeki oludala, okuyinto Kwamiswa ngemva kwalowo mkhankaso we Batu ekhulwini XIII. Ngoba izikhulu Russian engaphezu kweyikhulu hhayi kuphela ngincome abayimizulane, kodwa ukubanika izinqamuleli lokubusa, okungukuthi, uma ikubona yena wahlala ekamu Khan. Lapho samukela ijoka Mongol esungulwe kuphela izikhungo eziningi Slavic kwezepolitiki ngo abaxabene futhi ayikwazanga baye bahlela ukumelana. Manje, iningi ezweni Russian munye azungeze eMoscow. Kwaba isikhulu wakhe wema ngasemnyango ikhanda labantu abayimizulane ukumelana. Ngakho-ke, kwemashi eMoscow Tokhtamysh isibe ngesilinganiso, okuyinto kwakudingekile ukuze kubuyiselwe ukubusa Khan. Noma kunjalo, yena namanje elinde isikhathi, ngesikhathi esifanayo uqoqa amabutho zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo.

umkhankaso imfihlo

Ngaphambi waqala ngo Tokhtamysh eMoscow Kazan babulawa bonke abathengisi Russian kanye nabahamba. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze anganikelwa lwamaSlav ukuze ufunde mayelana ibutho okwakuseduze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mikhumbi yomthengisi babe ibutho ewusizo Khan. On wale mikhumbi amaqhawe ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ezingadingekile awela ngisho iVolga futhi babe ibhange kwesokudla. Kamuva Umzila Army kushintsha njalo, futhi ugweme imigwaqo ematasa. Yonke into yayenziwa ngendlela ukuze ayehlasela babe emangalisa futhi ezingalindelekile.

Nizhny Novgorod futhi Ryazan ubukhulu esisogwini imingcele empumalanga yeRussia, futhi owokuqala osengozini. Kwakumelwe esizimele eMoscow. Nini ngesikhathi sokugcina bezwa indlela Khan ekuqaleni kwazo ibutho elikhulu, ababusi kweminye yale mizi wathumela asemazweni ukuhlangabezana umphehli wodweshu. Nizhny Novgorod izithunywa ezingabanjwanga nge Tokhtamysh njalo ushintshe umzila wabo.

Ukukhaphela Ryazan isikhulu

Ryazan Prince Oleg Khan wanquma ukuba kubonanwe ubuso nobuso. Wathola Tatar ibutho Awukude elizweni lakibo. INkosana uzwakalise ukuthobeka kwakhe namaphoyisa futhi ulivumile leli izifundo Khan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ryazan utshelwa asemaqeleni abantu amazibuko ephephile futhi evumelana ngaphesheya koMfula Oka. AmaTatar kahle lezi amathiphu wahamba ubukhulu Oleg Ivanovich ngasohlangothini lwasempumalanga.

kulezi zinsuku kuphela, Dmitry Donskoy ngafunda ukuthi kwemashi eMoscow Tokhtamysh kakade uqhubeka ngamandla, futhi amabutho esondela emingceleni isimo. Lezi zindaba ezibuhlungu ubanjwe yonke ezibiyele singalindele. Kwacaca ukuthi ukuze abe ukumelana namandla kuze AmaTatar kufanele ukuqoqa ngaphansi omunye banner onke amadoda empi, kuhlanganise labo emizini enyakatho. Ngakho-ke Dmitry Donskoy waya ahlele izidlamlilo (kuqala Pereyaslavl, sabe Kostroma). umzala wakhe kanye nemngani abakhulu isikhulu izinduna uVladimir Andreyevich ngenhloso efanayo, waphuthuma ku Portage Lamsky.

Ababaleki eMoscow

Khonamanjalo Tokhtamysh kwemashi eMoscow baqhubeka. Han ekugcineni awela ngisho Oka ashaqa Serpukhov. Nokho, umgomo wakhe oyinhloko nje kwaba eMoscow. AmaKristu, awele AmaTatar endleleni, waphakamisela abulawe. Zonke izakhamuzi zakule ndawo, emizaneni nasemadolobheni amancane bakamalalahlengezela wabalekela eMoscow, benethemba lokuthola indawo yokuhlala phakathi kwezindonga Kremlin.

Ngo 1367, lapho namanje Dmitry Donskoy kwaba ushintsho olukhulu ngempela insizwa, ngokusuka kwakhe, waqala esikhundleni izinqaba ezindala zamapulangwe, okuyinto ababange besakwazi ukuvikela dolobha uma kwenzeka impi. Abakhi wasebenzisa izinto ezintsha - itshe elimhlophe, ezazilethwa edolobheni ehlobo nasebusika kusukela ngasezinkwalini eseduze. Kusukela ke kwakhiwa ezibiyele entsha. mashi Tokhtamysh ku Moscow kungenzeka kushabalele ngenxa Ugange olubanzi inqaba entsha.

Muscovites abuthele Chamber

Ukufika elikhulu labantu ngabafokazi dolobha kuye kwaholela isiphithiphithi. Izakhamuzi badabukana baba zingxenye ezimbili. Omunye wafuna zizikhiyele emzini futhi ukuvikela kuze kube sekugcineni. Okunye watatazela futhi bakhetha ukushiya inqaba. Hike Khan Tokhtamysh eMoscow abaningi bethukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphila edolobheni sasishwabene ngenxa yokuntuleka igunya elimiswe ngokufanele. Dmitry Donskoy futhi uVladimir A. zaziseza ezisenyakatho, kubutsela amabutho.

Hike Khan Tokhtamysh eMoscow ophoqelelwe abakhileyo ukuqoqa Chamber. Ekugcineni, ngo-ivoti, kwanqunywa ukuba uvale wonke kweminyango esuka edolobheni bese ulinda isitha izingalo. Nokho, izicukuthwane amaningi namanje kwesokunxele enhlokodolobha. Phakathi ebukhosini sekungene amahemuhemu isikhulu nje babaleka emzini, ukuyishiya bezophanga isitha.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ivula kwaba nesiteleka ethandwa waqala, okwakubekelwa aqondiswe ngokumelene boyars asele. Njengoba uhulumeni ekugcineni wadlulela Chamber, ukuthi eqinisweni ekuqaleni amalungelo sabantu. Lapho kwakukhona ukushaywa Tokhtamysh eMoscow (1382), abaningi enhloko-dolobha babengawulungele esiphuthumayo. Nokho, ezinsukwini zika-ukuvinjezelwa namanje ngithole Owesilisa owamemezela yena abe ngumholi. Kwakuwusuku Grand UMbusi Lithuania awns owawungumnyaka umzukulu Olgerd abadumile. Zonke emaphandleni aseduze babeshiswa ngesinqumo sakhe. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze kuncisha AmaTatar indawo yokufihla ikhanda kanye nokudla ngesikhathi iJerusalema livinjezelwe.

Ukuqala ukuvinjezelwa

Izinyathelo ezinjalo babe umhlatshelo kudingekile, okwaholela umkhankaso Khan Tokhtamysh eMoscow. Unyaka ka ukuhlaselwa amaTartar wahlala emlandweni usuku wezwe ngengoma. Ekugcineni ngo-August 23 Khan ibutho wasondela eMoscow. Ngalesi sikhathi izakhamuzi zedolobha sengilungisile amatshe, amanzi ashisayo ne resin, ukubonakalisa ukuhlaselwa isitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando ukuvinjezelwa lungaqukatha kokusetshenziswa kokuqala kwe-Russian Gunners isibhamu. Konke lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze ayeke kwemashi eMoscow Tokhtamysh. Unyaka ayehlasela zikhunjulwe ezihlukahlukene tricks abantu isiRashiya, lapho balwa abaphikisi ezingalindelekile.

ukukopela amaTatar

lokushaya lomuzi owathatha izinsuku ezintathu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, le AmaTatar walahlekelwa eziningi abantu ngenxa ukuhlaselwa ezindongeni. Nokho, ibutho Khan isenethonya esesabekayo. Agasti 26 eMoscow wathumela izithunywa, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abantwana Nizhny Novgorod Prince. Bacela ukungifundela izakhamuzi zedolobha ukuvula isango. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izithunywa wathembisa ngokuthi ngeke abachitha igazi Muscovites. I phama, bebona akukho ukwesekwa kusukela isikhulu sakhe, owayebizwa kude babekholelwa ukuthi ikhono lokukholisa.

Ligede evulekile. Ekwenzeni AmaTatar kwesokunxele ithimba eliholwa Ost. Zonke embasi utholakale eshaywe waze washona ngokushesha. AmaTatar baphuthuma ngesango ovulekile futhi zalwa kubulawa abangenasihe kwabahlala kuwo kuthakazelise. Yaphela kanjalo-ke umkhankaso Tokhtamysh eMoscow. Usuku lokukhumbula lesi senzakalo iye yachazwa ezinhlwini ezingu zemihla njengenye umngcwabo emlandweni Russia.

Imiphumela umkhankaso

Ngemva eMoscow elathunjwa futhi zishiswe, ibutho Tatar lahlukaniswa laba amayunithi eziningana. Baya olungavikelekile angomakhelwane nemizana. Ngakho sadumala uVladimir, Mozhaisk, Zvenigorod, eSt George sika. Omunye Tartar ibutho wahlulwa Vladimirom Andreevichem ngemva kokuba yayiseduze zazikhishwa Lamsky. Khona-ke Tokhtamysh efundile kusondela Dmitry Donskoy, owayehola emashalofini zakamuva Kostroma. Han banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i ukunikeza impi jikelele. Yena ngokuphepha ushiye Rus, endleleni eya Kolomna kuphangwa, ukuthatha naye abathunjwa nezithunjwa eziningi.

Esikhathini esizayo, Dmitry kwadingeka isikhathi ukuqaphela ngokwako owumthelela zidlamlilo. Umzabalazo sokuzibusa kwakuseza. Moscow walishisa kabusha ngokushesha, kodwa inkumbulo Tatar massacre wahlala isikhathi eside e imemori abantu bomuzi. Zidlamlilo Ubude wabulala abantu 24,000.