Kuyini akhicite imibhalo, izitayela kanye izitayela imisebenzi abalobi Russian kanye izimbongi?

I izinhlobo eziyinhloko kwezincwadi - iqembu imikhiqizo efana ncamashí isethulo esisemthethweni kanye nesitayela. Ngisho nangesikhathi u-Aristotle lahlukaniswa laba izinhlobo izincwadi, ubufakazi lokhu - "Poetics" of isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki, indatshana temibhalo kwemvelo, eyabhalwa eminyakeni engamakhulu amathathu ngaphambi kukaKristu.

Uyini uhlobo ezincwadini?

Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi kuhlehlela emuva ezikhathini zeBhayibheli, abantu ukufunda nokubhala izikhathi. Birch amagxolo, equkethe okungenani umbhalo - kuba izincwadi, ngoba ukubhala unemicabango sendoda ukubonisa izifiso zakhe kanye nezifiso. Imemorandamu, uhlu lwezikhalazo, imibhalo yenkolo zalotshwa isethi, futhi kanjalo kwaba uhlobo lokuqala etemibhalo - amagxolo. With ukuthuthukiswa lokubhala ilandisa uhlobo eqale. Ngokuvamile ebhaliwe kakade wazala ezinye zezimpawu tetemibhalo, badedelane ngomusa yokukhuluma, allegories engokomfanekiso.

Uhlobo esilandelayo izincwadi baba amaqhawe, yezinganekwane oludumile heroes nezinye izinhlamvu zezikhonzi zomlando. Hlukanisa emkhatsini wetinhlobo letihlukene tembhalo angabhekwa izincwadi zenkolo, incazelo izenzakalo zeBhayibheli, ukuphila abefundisi ephakeme.

Ukufika zokunyathelisa ngekhulu le-16 kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha izincwadi. Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka le-17 kwakhiwa etemibhalo Amathrendi, izitayela tetemibhalo.

Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi ngekhulu le-18

On umbuzo yini Izinhlobo e izincwadi kwekhulu le-18, ungaphendula ngokungananazi, ukuthi izincwadi isikhathi sehlukaniswe izici ezintathu eziyinhloko: idrama, lelandzisako amavesi senkondlo. imisebenzi Ukusangana ngokuvamile wathatha ngesimo kwesifo, ngesikhathi izinhlamvu indaba eziye zafa, kanye umzabalazo phakathi kokuhle nokubi baba ezibhubhisayo. Maye, izimo emakethe etemibhalo ebizela othile imigomo yabo kakade. Uhlobo ukulandisa ezolile, futhi, wathola abafundi bayo. Inoveli, novellas futhi tindzaba letimfisha babebhekwa njengabantu "phakathi", kuyilapho nezinhlekelele, izinkondlo kanye izinkondlo okubhekiselwe kubo ngelithi "okusezingeni eliphezulu" uhlobo izincwadi netinsimu satirical futhi amahlaya - ukuba "ongaphakeme".

Ivesi - ifomu bakudala zezinkondlo, elalisendlini vogue at amabhola, imicimbi yomphakathi kanye neminye imisebenzi ephezudlwana dolobha yezikhulu. I izinkondlo uhlobo yevesi kwase izimpawu yevesi syllogistic lahlukaniswa laba izingxenye onesigqi. isitayela Mechanical, ebulalayo ezinkondlweni kweqiniso, ngiye eside wabizela imfashini.

izincwadi ubudala 19-20

Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi kwekhulu le-19 kanye nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 e izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene, ethandwa kakhulu inkathi yokuchuma Pushkin futhi Gogol, bese - ku Silver Age ka-Aleksandru Blok futhi Sergeya esenina. Drama, amaqhawe kanye izinkondlo lyric - yilokho Izinhlobo izincwadi kwesikhatsi lesengcile kanye ngonyaka ngaphambi kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule.

Esihlatshelelwayo nakanjani uyoba ngokomzwelo, ukuze ibe eyakhayo futhi okunenjongo. izigaba zalo zazikunye ODE futhi Elegy, futhi ODE - simangele nomdlandla, silokhu sithi futhi waphakanyiselwa isikhundla heroes.

Elegy Lyrical isekelwe esimisweni yevesi ithoni edabukisayo ukudabuka, ngenxa okuhlangenwe nakho iqhawe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwaba yini imbangela - izimo siqu noma nokungezwani universe.

Uyini uhlobo ezincwadini zanamuhla?

Izinhlobo ezincwadini zanamuhla nazo eziningi, phakathi kwabo kukhona ethandwa kakhulu, ledzinga izilaleli ebanzi:

• Usizi - uhlobo zemibhalo drama, lapho ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo, nge ukufa esiyisibopho namaqhawe.
• Comedy - omunye ezihlukahlukene uhlobo idrama, okuphambene le nhlekelele indaba ujabule futhi ngempela enesiphetho esijabulisayo.
• Uhlobo tale - movement etemibhalo izingane, ukuthuthukiswa yabo okudala. Ngo uhlobo yobuciko eziningi etemibhalo.
• Epic - uhlobo kwezincwadi nengqondo komlando, uchaza izenzakalo ngazinye ezikhathini ezidlule ngesitayela yiqhawe ke sibonisa inani elikhulu kwezinhlamvu.
• Uhlobo inoveli - i-eseyi lelandzisako inkulu, amaningi uzungu imigqa, imininingwane yokuphila umlingisi ngamunye ngabantu ngabanye nanjengeqembu, a propensity imitsetfo yekuhlatiya izenzakalo.
• Indaba - ukuma uhlobo Ngokwesilinganiso, eyabhalwa isikimu okufanayo inoveli, kodwa ngomqondo sikubeke ngaphezulu. eyodwa njengoba umlingisi losemcoka, kanti bonke abanye zichazwe "ukuxhumanisa" kuso ngokuvamile ivelele endabeni.
• Indaba - uhlobo amafomu elincane lelandzisako, sifinyeto izenzakalo. icebo layo ayikwazi baqhubeka, iyona quintessence nombhali, kuba njalo ifomu esiphelele.
• Inoveli - uhlobo olufana indaba, umehluko kuphela nokucija ngesakhiwo. Novella ezahlukene ezingalindelekile, isiphetho esingalindelekile. Lokhu uhlobo kuyinto okuvusa usinga ezinhle.
• Uhlobo indzaba - indzaba lefanako, kodwa ngendlela kokwethula lengemaciniso. Indzabambhalo hhayi ehlotshisiwe isivinini inkulumo, imishwana ephezulu ukuzwakala bokubanga.
• Ihlaya njengoba zemibhalo kuyinto engavamile, akusiyo orientation accusatory kunomthelela udumo, nakuba play satirical ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu wamukela kahle.
• Detective uhlobo - the likufuna mkhuba kwezincwadi ngesikhathi sokugcina kakhulu. Izigidi enoqwembe oluthambile izincwadi abalobi okudumile njenge-Alexander Marinina, Daria Dontsova, uPolina Dashkova kanye inqwaba abanye, baba reference abafundi abaningi Russian.

isiphetho

Izinhlobo kwezincwadi Russian zahlukahlukene, ngamunye lungaba ukuqhubeka yokudala, okuyinto nakanjani yasetshenziswa abalobi nabahlaziyi yesimanje kanye izimbongi.