Alfons Dode: Biography emfushane, izingcaphuno

Works of Alfonsa Dode (1840-1897) wajoyina ukusakaza fresh ezincwadini French nazo zonke ziye zaba ngomunye wemikhakha ezithathela izingxenye ezingcono kakhulu-ke. Alfons Dode wazalwa esifundazweni eningizimu, futhi esivela zonke wildness umcabango a southerner, kodwa wazama ukubhala ngalokho azibona.

Esakhula

okhokho Daudet babe abalimi, okwathi ekuqaleni kwawo-wobunxiwankulu revolution sathuthela edolobheni of Nimes, lapho Alfons Dode wazalelwa emkhayeni umnikazi lebumbene indwangu endaweni yokukhanda. Omunye wabafowabo zazifa cishe umntwana. Lokhu senzakalo ukufa kwashaqisa umbhali esizayo, futhi kamuva yena uzokutshela ngakho in "The Kid" inoveli. Kulesi inoveli echaza eyihlane ifektri egcekeni, lapho afike achitha khona esengumntwana nangesikhathi lapho fancied yena Robinson. Kwaba mnandi futhi okuphumuzayo isikhathi, njengoba Alfons Dode akabonanga ukuthi uqhelelene kangakanani umkhaya zakhe zaba yincithakalo owavela emva 1848.

Lyons

Imboni sekuqediwe, futhi wonke umkhaya wathuthela Lyon. Abazalwane ababili, u-Ernest futhi Alfons Dode, wafunda bokuqala esikoleni isonto abese ngesikhathi Lycée. Izingane abazali abadla izambane likapondo uzamile yoca them futhi ukuxhumana nabo. Abazalwane bazisekela ku inhlamba ubumpofu. Nokho, Alfons ifike aphuthelwe izifundo eneminyaka engu-nantathu, wakhetha kubo kuze kufike emfuleni, izikebhe, tugs - a vortex yangempela yokuphila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uye afunde okuningi futhi baqala ukubhala izinkondlo. Wayengumuntu eyishumi nesithupha lapho esebenza kafushane uthisha, bese wazilandela umfowabo ngo-1857 e-dolobha.

Paris

Esikhathini inoveli, "The Kid" encwadini "engamashumi amathathu e-Paris" Daudet ngokucace lolu usuku lokuqala kuleli dolobha. Wabhekana wathola injabulo enkulu ukuhlangana no-Ernest. Nokho, ukhona kwaba polubogemnym, dabukisa - ukungondleki, ukungabi nendawo yokuhlala. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwathi lapho engakwazi ukukhokha irenti, bese ngachitha cishe ubusuku bonke phezu boulevards. Ngemva konyaka lapho waba nenhlanhla - wanyathelisa incwadi izinkondlo ezijatshulelwa baxgeki kanye nomphakathi. Ngemva kwalokho emenywa ukuba iphephandaba "Figaro". Bese - ngaphezulu. Yena nomfowabo laqala ukusebenzela uHulumeni Chancellery yomzimba zomthetho. Isikhathi emsebenzini kakhulu. Hle manje ubukeka Dode Alfons (isithombe). Ukuqhubeka ukubhala, Daudet ngokuvakashela Provence, Algeria, Corsica. Futhi kuyo yonke indawo kwenza okuvelayo, okuyinto ke igeleze phezu emakhasini imisebenzi yakhe - "Izincwadi ezivela esigayweni", "Nabob", "Tartarin ka Tarascon." Ngo-1867 Daudet emshadweni. Iyoba amadodana amabili nendodakazi.

Incwadi yokuqala

"Izincwadi ezivela esigayweni" (1865-1869), iqoqo tindzaba letimfisha - futhi lesi esokuqala umsebenzi obalulekile Daudet. Tindzaba letimfisha kanye inganekwane awalulahlanga ukubaluleka kwabo futhi izintelezi kuze kube namuhla. Lezi, izindaba ngomusa nokuyiqiniso, funny futhi abanonya kwesinye isikhathi siyadumala Daudet amukele ngaso isipho, Uxoxa abalimi Provence.

noveli yokuqala

Yingaleso noveli polubiografichesky "The Kid" (1868). Ziningi siqu, kodwa ngokuphelele ezihlonzwe ne iqhawe bengayi Daudet. Iziqephu eziningi engxenyeni yesibili yasungulwa ngokuphelele, kanye nesimo Daudet asishayisani nge umlingisi we hero. Lokhu lyrical ingane idayari ezikhulayo. Daudet wayengowokuqala eFrance awamukela lo indaba ephathwayo.

ukuzidela Tartarin

Biography Alfonsa Dode, njenganoma iyiphi umculi - owakhe lo msebenzi, futhi kungani bakhokha isikhala kangaka. Ngesikhathi inhliziyo yale ncwadi kuyinto amahlaya elikhazimulayo Provencal. Daudet kuchazwa impilo edolobheni elincane inert, uyisiwula, nabanomusa, indoda narcissistic emgwaqweni, okuyinto zaba Tartarin. It has a ensimini lapho ukhula yemifino baobab izihlahla, izikhali ezingavamile futhi kuyiphupho. Yena ngiphupha ukuya Shanghai, njengalokho enzile yena kakade ukuthi wayelapho. Tartarin Daudet ube - kuyinto wamacebo engenangqondo windbag. Nokho, wanquma ukushiya Tarascon yakhe bese uya Algeria, lapho French baphuthuma izinkulungwane, okwenza leli lizwe koloni lazo. Daudet uyadelela izindaba ukuthi French kuyiswe impucuko. Futhi kuvela ukubhinqa zezombusazwe.

isimiso

Duzane kusukela 1877, umlobi Alfons Dode, ezingafani ekuthola ungenayo impilo enhle, ubekela ngohlelo lomsebenzi kanye nokuphumula. Uma umsebenzi umxhwele kuye, yena evuswa 4:00 ekuseni kuze iphelela eziyisishiyagalombili. Khona-ke, ngemva ikhefu isikhathi esingangehora, ubizwa waphinda abavusa ukuze amahora ayishumi nambili ngosuku ke ukuphumula amahora amabili, futhi futhi sisebenze amahora 14 kuya 18, bese kusuka 20 kuya phakathi kwamabili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ehhovisi oda ekahle. Esikhathini kusuka 1877 kuya 1889, wabhala nantathu amanoveli, kodwa futhi izinkumbulo, tetindzaba, tindzaba, futhi izihloko.

ubungane bomuntu siqu

Umlobi iyaduma kakhulu. "Wakhe" Ed sikubone. Goncourt, eZola, Flaubert, Turgenev. Turgenev ushaya kuye ngolwazi lwakhe encyclopedic. Ngokuqinisekile akhuphukele zasebuntwaneni omkhaya wakhe ubuhlobo Russia. Umalume wakhe uWilliam wabaleka France wamavukelambuso futhi ngagcina eRussia. Petersburg, waba umnikazi esitolo esikhulu umphakeli Imperial seNkosi. Khona-ke bemthwesa icala lokwakha itulo kanye badingiselwa eSiberia. Wagijima waya komngcele China wabanjwa futhi ngaboshwa. Ngidedelwa kuye uMbusi u-Alexander I, ihlala esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kusukela ebuntwaneni Alfons Dode wafunda ngokusebenzelana Russia, futhi kamuva, izincwadi zalo, ezidumile ikakhulukazi e-France, "Amanothi we Hunter". Futhi manje sesiwancamulile, in the circle labangane, bexoxa nazo ngumlobi, ubani ngemva kokudla kwakusihlwa, ongabeka amazwana imisebenzi okhazimulayo Goethe. Lemihlangano kuthuthukisa bonke ababhali ezinhlanu, ukwandisa HORIZONS zabo. Turgenev kwakwaziswa kakhulu Daudet. Nansi indlela yena ubeke amazwana amanoveli akhe: "Uma" Fromont futhi Risler, "zimelela emgceni locondzile, i-" Nabob "kufanele ufanekiselwe WW, futhi eziqongweni lezi zigzags itholakala kuphela lokuqala rate ithalente."

Indwangu Omkhulu nomphakathi

Le noveli "The Nabob" (1877) yabhalwa kunzima. Umlobi kuvezwa ukukhwabanisa kwandile, okuyinto laligcwele ubuqotho yokubukisa. Bamazwe bazo zonke izinhlobo abekade amandla. Ziyakwazi amagugu noma izihloko wathenga futhi bahlaselane bodwa, zatholakala izihlalo cushy. bemibuso zabo zangaphandle ukufihla imvelo abangelutho. Marcel-Bruno Gensoul noveli kwakungokwelambu abadayisi umndeni izinzipho abampofu ibuthuntu. Yena speculates eTunisia waphindela eFrance multimillionaire. In Paris, akulindele ukuthenga udumo, ukuqashelwa. Kepha waba ngokushesha sizungezwe isixuku ezidla obhekana nazo. Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-Marcel-Bruno Gensoul - Redneck muncu. Uzama ukuthenga zonke ukuze ube iphini. Kodwa, ukukhohliswa zonke, efa kuphela. Kungenjalo sibangelwa isiphetho umngane zakhe zangaphambili futhi manje isitha okumunyu - the umnikazi Emerlenga. Uba omunye tycoons eParis.

Isithakazelo empilweni yesimanje

Waveza inoveli lwembhali "Sappho" (1884). Daudet yathatha omunye kwabenzalo Eqinisweni eyihlazo kunazo zonke - ngomzimba, hhayi ukuze uveze imininingwane namanzi, bese ukumambula umuntfu lofundzako loko lokushiwo ka inhlekisa futhi ihlushwe kukhona nabesifazane ababemkhalela, bephoqeleka ukuba adayise imizimba yabo ukujula. Ngaphambi umfundi kukhona ekumeni kwabarhwebelana eyinkimbinkimbi, zobugovu futhi unonya. Ngokuxhaphaza laba besifazane, bona kalula abaphonse, awusona ubumpofu nokuhlupheka. ifa ovamile ezingozi - mgwaqo, elambile, ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokuguga.

Alfons Dode: izingcaphuno

Izinkulumo eziningi umbhali waya kubantu futhi baba aphorisms. Singagcina ngokubu- uhlu ambalwa:

• "Ngenhlanhla kuphela eseyenza inhlekisa le nokushiyeka abanawo ngokwakho."
• "Tailwind uthunyelwa kithina Providence, futhi akazange ukumelana."
• "UMthetho, isinyathelo! Kungcono wabona ukhuni, into ukuphupha, okungenani igazi angami lihambe ngemithambo!"

izincwadi Russian kwekhulu le-19 futhi asinike brilliant, ikakhulukazi njengoba silifunda yokuqala. Kodwa France futhi ngekhulu le-19 wanikeza Umthala abalobi enkulu, kuhlanganise Yiqiniso, yigama Alfons Dode. Biography emfushane, bukaJehova kubonakala emisebenzini yakhe emihle kakhulu, unikezwa kulesi sihloko. Washona ngineminyaka engu-57 futhi wangcwatshwa emathuneni of Pere La Chaise.