Kunstkamera e Saint Petersburg: Museum

Kunstkamera Petersburg (igama eliphelele -. Museum of Anthropology futhi Ethnography yaqanjwa Petra Velikogo, Russian Academy of Sciences) yasungulwa uMbusi uPeter Omkhulu Petersburg. Yavula ngo-1714.

Bangaphezu kwesigidi abantu zobuciko eqoqwe Kunstkammer okwamanje, kodwa amashumi ambalwa noma emakhulwini Museum curiosities ezifakwe kulo mbukiso, kwalethwa uPetru Elikhulu evela e eNgilandi Holland, lapho umbusi uzibophezele e 1698. Okuhambayo kwezilwandle yinkosi wavakashela iminyuziyamu, bayahlonishwa "ngokudlulele ezimangalisayo" iqoqo rarities futhi ekugcineni, nganquma iqine eRussia efana abantu Russian. Beqhutshwa lo mbono, uPeter waqala ukuthenga izinto ezingavamile, izincwadi ezindala, izikhali, amathuluzi, imishini - konke ezingase kusimangaze. iqoqo elikhulu kwalethwa eMoscow, esigodlweni. Ngakho lapho Curiosities - Museum wokuqala Russian.

indaba

Eceleni eqoqwe yezokwelapha yokwakheka rarities ezigcinwe utshwala Freaks ewusana, ubufakazi bezinto anomalies zemvelo, izinto zokuphila lasendulo futhi ukuphila kwabantu lasendulo. Amakhulu ziphephile esiyingqayizivele kwakheka isisekelo "curiosities iKhabhinethi" we Tsar Russian. AmaHholo sokuhlala of Peter eMoscow ayisaxhunyanisiwe behlaliswe ziphephile ezivela emhlabeni wonke ubani wathuma izithunywa, zathumela ukucinga futhi uthenge izinto ezimangalisayo. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke wanquma ukuba sithwale umcebo, "Ihhovisi inkosi sika" Petersburg ukwakha isakhiwo okukhethekile Kunstkammer. Lo mnyakazo senziwe 1714, zonke nemibukiso okwesikhashana ibekwa Summer Palace. Futhi lapho esigodlweni Kwakugcwele, iningi labo ibekwe endlini Boyar Kikin - okubizwa ngokuthi kikinskie Chamber. Labe banquma ukwakha isakhiwo sakhe Museum, futhi endaweni ekhethelwe bona abantu ukwakhiwa yayo emaphethelweni Vasilyevsky Island, phambi Winter Palace, esemgwaqweni ngaphakathi Hermitage.

Ukuqala ukwakhiwa

Peter Ukwakhiwa Museum uqalwe 1718 futhi yathatha iminyaka cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Ngesikhathi ukufa yombusi - e 1725 - saba ukwakha udonga kuphela. Umakhi kwaba Johann Georg Mattarnovi owadala kwiphrojekthi isitayela Baroque futhi sakha ukuba 1719. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, waqhubeka ukwakhiwa kwalesi Nicholas Gerbel. Ngo-1724 Gaetano Kiaveri wathatha ihhovisi umklami. Ngo 1726 ekwakheni Museum waqala ukungenisa ziphephile.

isakhiwo

Amabili isakhiwo ezintathu storey Museum uxhumeke umbhoshongo tiered nge Dome Baroque. Ziphephile luthathe wonke iphiko empumalanga eyinkimbinkimbi, ise entshonalanga Academy Russian of Sciences, i izindlu silinganiselwa yokwakheka Theatre, futhi wahlela Gottorp-Globe and Observatory ke, embhoshongweni uqobo. Ngo 1830, i-Museum of Curiosities e Saint-Petersburg ibilokhu ihlukaniswe yaba izingoma ezine Botanical ehlukile, ethnographic, etshalwe futhi mineralogical, ngamunye okuyinto kuleli cala liyingxenye iminyuziyamu main. Thematically Curiosities sinetigaba eziyisishiyagalombili:

• Umlando Kunstkammer. isayensi Russian kwekhulu XVIII.
• kwesigaba yokwakheka.
• I-Nyakatfo Melika.
• India nase-Indonesia.
• Japan.
• China futhi Mongolia.
• Afrika.
• Australia nase-Oceania.

umlando Kunstkamery

Museum of Curiosities Petersburg kuhlanganisa nemibukiso ezintathu: "Museum of M. V Lomonosova", "Observatory Astronomical we-Academy of Sciences Petersburg" futhi "Gottorp Globe-izinkanyezi". Lo mbukiso ibonisa ekuqaleni Kunstkammer, ulwazi oluningi enikelwe umsebenzi University kanye Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Observatory nesikhathi esiqondile yesevisi, Itholakala umbhoshongo maphakathi Museum, kanye nokuhlanganiswa emgqeni ezivamile Petersburg Meridian. Permament show Igumbi lenkomfa we Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

kwesigaba yokwakheka

Kunstkamera Petersburg (isithombe okwethulwa kulesi sihloko) has elakheke kwesigaba ethakazelisa kakhulu. Lapha kube nombukiso esikhulu kuqoqwa rarities normal odabuka yemvelo :. Lokhu sengozini yokwakheka, izibonelo sirenomelia, ngamawele Siamese, Cyclops baby lamb amakhanda amabili, njll Lo mbukiso okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa iqoqo anatomist Dutch Frederik Ruysch, okuyinto u aluthola uPeter Omkhulu ngu for isizumbulu e 1717 ngonyaka.

i-Nyakatfo Melika

Kunstkamera Petersburg kuyinto setfulo enikelwe izizwe North American zasendulo zaleli zwekazi - the Eskimo, amaNdiya, Aleuts. Lo mbukiso kufaka izindlu abantu enyakatho nenkabazwe, bakudala ukwakhiwa - inaliti isifo yaranga. AmaNdiya Yokuhlala kuboniswe indlela lezi izindawo zokulala, ephethe Umbala zakudala futhi ngaphandle. Futhi obonisa dress kazwelonke kwabakhileyo eNyakatho neMelika lasendulo, zenziwe kusukela isilwane izikhumba, uboya, izimpaphe isitshalo zesivikelo sesifuba.

India nase-Indonesia

Nabantu baseNingizimu Asia emelelwa Kunstkammer ngekwehlukahlukana kwalo: lapha ekhaya sezizwe zakwa lasendulo, futhi izitsha nezikhali ukuthi kutholakale ukudla ngawo ukulwa. Isikhundla olukhethekile esichasiselweni Armoury India nesikhundla engonxantathu indlela imimese ethile ngokuthi "Kris" - esibi, abangenasihe izingalo ezibandayo, olufana nolimi ilangabi. Kodwa iningi izinkulumo nemibukiso kwesigaba ngokuthula. yaseshashalazini kabanzi limelelwa veshalah ekhethekile ukubola yaseshashalazini zasendulo besilisa amasudi kungowesifazane, hang emaphaphethi. A ibangana kude kuyinto kwasusa ukusebenza enkundleni yemidlalo yase-izithunzi. Izinto eziningi izinkuni ezibaziweyo yaletha esuka ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene Indian.

Japan

Household izinto Japanese lasendulo Ainu abantu ababehlala iziqhingi Japanese ezikhathini zasendulo, ethulwa esigabeni wezwe YeJapan ethnography. ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa abezindaba Japanese ukudoba nokuzingela. Lo mbukiso iqukethe ukudoba yangempela ngenela, izingwegwe bakudala, amanetha futhi ezihlukahlukene izicupho, wafika Kunstkammer izikhathi elikude, ezinye ziphephile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 eziyinkulungwane. Eceleni embukisweni zempi nezikhali samurai Japanese. Kunstkamera Petersburg kuyinto Samurai izinkemba "Katana", elihlanganiswa imimese miniature "kusungobu" ukuzibulala isiko - Harakiri. Kukhona imimese zesifazane isiko, amancane ukuze hhayi zibonakala ngisho isandla besifazane, kodwa nokho ababenalo ukufa. Ngakho ummese kwaba owesifazane okwanele Samurai clan uthinte entanyeni, futhi yayifa.

China futhi Mongolia

Kunstkamera - Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe, elinikeza China njengezwe ngobumba discoverers, kasilika futhi neziqhumane. amasethi Antique china egcwele ukuchayeka esihle. izinkomishi Lapha, abaningi futhi Saucers, ikhofi amabhodwe ushukela nezitsha. Izidlo eqoqwe futhi ehlukaniswa izikhulu okubonwa zobumba inkomishi umlimi elula kakhulu yizicukuthwane kakhulu ezahlukene. Lo mbukiso kuveza Cloisonné abadumile Chinese, imikhiqizo ezenziwe amathambo, netshe, nokhuni. kasilika yemvelo, nokwelukiweyo ngu ezandleni Abeluki lasendulo ayikashintshi eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule, kusenzima sibe nemibala emihle. A indawo ekhethekile mbukiso nesibuko-a-solar amanzi heater. Le divayisi cishe kuyo yonke imizi Chinese: Nenkabazwe izibuko, sihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi imisebe yelanga kubonakala kusukela izibuko, uqoqele isixha futhi okwesikhashana iketela eshubile.

Kunstkamera Petersburg yiyona embukisweni-Mongolian, lapho umbukiso eyinhloko qhugwane - yokuhlala Nomad okungase eligoqiwe bese uyiswa kwenye indawo. Lezi la maqhugwane ziye zanda kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu xv. Eside Amabha lokhuni uya nehele wakhonza njengoba nje nengaphakathi ke Uhlaka slatted embozwe wawungathi futhi ligate izindophi. I-yurt eyayibekwe ngendlela yokuthi wayehlala phambi komnyango zibheke eningizimu. Beka odongeni elibhekene nomnyango, kwathiwa wabhekwa njengonodumo, futhi ngokuvamile Kwakuhlezi izivakashi abathandekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhala elingaphakathi leli qhugwane ihlukaniswe neengcezu kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Phakathi ekhaya yayiyisikhungo, endaweni njengengcwele.

Nomads ngokuvamile washintsha indawo yokuhlala, kwakudingekile ukuba afune amadlelo ezinkomo. Futhi ebonisiwe amathuluzi-Mongolian ukulima, ihhashi Izihlalo zamahhashi, amahhanisi zokulala ngoba amahhashi.

Afrika

Kunstkamera - Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe, nakho Inekamela enikelwe ezwekazini lase-Afrika. Lunikeza emlandweni wabantu abamnyama abahlala eminyaka ambalwa adlule eningizimu iSahara. Kukhona amathuluzi okulima bakudala, amageja lokhuni edonswa izinkabi ube esenikeza tintfo letisetjentiswa malanga onkhe kanye artefacts, eziklanywe eyenziwe ebony.

Australia nase-Oceania

embukisweni Australian bahlanganisa ikakhulu zokudoba futhi imishini ukuzingela, ngawo abomdabu uthole baziphilise. Abaningi abantu base-Australia bebelokhu abatshuzi, futhi amapharele kuvuna kusukela ekujuleni kolwandle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwadingeka amadivayisi ezikhethekile, okuyinto emelwe kulo mbukiso.

Kunstkamera Petersburg, imibukiso okuyiwona bevela emhlabeni jikelele, sanda ukuchayeka kwabo.