Izitshalo: incazelo

Ukulinywa kwezilwane kungenye yamagatsha amakhulu kwezolimo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko uhlala ukuhlinzekela i-giant (esilinganisweni somhlaba wonke) imfuyo yokudla kwemfuyo. Akuyona indima yokugcina ekuxazululeni le nkinga enzima idlala ngotshani lwezinyosi. Ukuhlukahluka, okunomsoco, ukungazitholi kwezitshalo kusiza ukubhekana nalolu daba ngempumelelo.

Izitshalo

Umndeni wezitshalo unamalungu angamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi ayisikhombisa kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi nanye nesigamu. Zinezicelo ezahlukene:

• Ukudla (ukolweni, rye kanye nabanye);
• Ifolishi (timothy, hedgehog nezinye)
• Sebenzisa njengezinto zokwakha (bamboo);
• Ukukhiqizwa kwephepha (papyrus);
• Njengendlela yokulwa nokuguguleka komhlabathi (uhlelo oluyimpande elinamandla luvumela izintambo zesihlabathi ukuba ziboshwe);
• Utshani (lapho udinga ukumelana nokunyathelisa);
• Ukuhlobisa (ngokuyinhloko ukuhlobisa izitshalo ezinkulu noma izindawo zokupaka).

Izitshalo nazo zingasebenza njengokhula. Bahlambalaza izitshalo, izivande zemifino kanye nezinye izitshalo zamasiko. Ummeleli okhanyayo uhlaza utshani. Nakuba le mifuno ivame ukusikwa ku-hay futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuzalisa amahhashi.

Eqinisweni, utshani obuntshani obuncithakalo bubuntshani obuvela emndenini wezitshalo, ezisetshenziselwa ukondla izilwane zezolimo. Kungaba hay, ukugqoka okuphezulu okwesibhakabhaka, amadlelo, isililage noma okusanhlamvu.

Zisatshalaliswe emhlabeni wonke, zikhule ngokuphelele kuwo wonke amazwekazi, kuhlanganise nase-Antarctica. Lesi sizwe esibizwa ngokuthi i-Antarctic pike, noma i-Antarctic meadow, futhi singeniswe ngonyaka-bluegrass. ERussia, izitshalo zommbila zisebenza cishe ngamaphesenti angama-30 e-acreage. Amadlelo emvelo namasiko asetshenziswa kabanzi.

Kunzima ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kwezitshalo. Ziwumthombo wokudla okubalulekile, okunomsoco kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zasemapulazini. Akunakwenzeka ukwakha isisekelo se-fodder esithembekile lapho kungekho khona noma ukungabi khona kwemifula yemvelo namadlelo, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kokuhlwanyela utshani obunamanzi. I-Agronomy isebenzisa ikhono labo lokushintsha ukubunjwa kwamakhemikhali enhlabathini, ukuyilungisa nokwandisa isivuno sezitshalo ezalandela.

Izinhlobo zokusanhlamvu

Umndeni wezitshalo zefolishi umele inamba enkulu yezitshalo. Zinezigaba eziningana:

• Ngesikhathi sokuphila:

- Yonyaka;

- okungapheli;

• Ngohlobo lwe-tillering:

- rhizome;

- ukuvula okuxekethile;

- obunzima;

• Ekuphakameni kokuma utshani:

- egibele;

- aphezulu-aphezulu;

- izinhlanzi;

• Uhlobo lokulima:

- amasiko;

- ukukhula zasendle.

Incazelo yezinhlamvu:

• Isiqu. Shayela utshani, ngokuvamile ogobile, ohlukaniswe ngama-nodes. Ngokuvamile, indwangu ilula, ayinayo, kodwa kunezifomu ezifana nezihlahla - u-bamboo. Ikhula ngokushesha, ukuphakama kungafinyelela ngamamitha angu-30.
• Amahlumela. Zingaba izitshalo ezikhiqizayo nezitshalo. Ukufaka amagatsha endaweni ye-inflorescence noma endaweni yokulima.
• Amahlamvu. Ngokunciphisa, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwe-petiole sessile, ubulili abuvaliwe. Shiya kusuka ku-node ngayinye eyodwa ngesikhathi, ngokuhlukile. Zihlelwe emigqeni emibili ehlukile esiteshini.
• Izimpande. Isistimu iyakhathazeka, ingenisa futhi igcine amanzi kanye nezondlo.
• I-Inflorescences. Kunezinhlobo eziningana: ama-panicles, izindlebe, ama-cobs, ama-brushes, ama-sultan (ama-spicy panicles). I-inflorescence jikelele iqukethe izimbali eziningana.
• Izimbali. Njengomthetho, abantu abesilisa nabesifazane (kuqukethe i-pestle ne-stamens), ama-unobtrusive, amancane, achazwe ngokucacile nge-noanth no. Ukuzivocavoca noma umoya-impova.
• Izithelo. Ama-grain abizwa (e-parlance ejwayelekile - okusanhlamvu), i-pericarp ayifani nezehlukaniswa nenzalo, i-ovary iyisidleke esisodwa (emgodleni owodwa kukhona i-ovule eyodwa).

Ukhiqizwa kubonakala ngokwemvelo, ngembewu noma nge-rhizomes.

Kuphela

Ubusika obungapheli obushulayo bukhula emadlelweni emvelo nasemasimini asendle, isetshenziselwa ukuxuba utshani. Abamele: i-hedgehog, i-ryegrass, i-timothy, i-bonfire, i-beardless, i-foxtail nabanye. Ingakwazi ukukhula ngokuphumelelayo nokukhiqiza izinkathi eziningana. Ngenani leminyaka lwenzeka:

• Ukuphila isikhathi eside - eminyakeni 2-3;
• Isilinganiso sempilo ende - iminyaka engu-4-5;
• Isikhathi eside-esingaphezu kweminyaka engu-5.

Zonke izimbila ezimila zihlala zingcolile. Ukutshala impova kwenzeka ngesikhathi samahora. Ukuze utshani utshani, ukuhlwanyela kwembewu kuyinto evamile.

Ngonyaka

Imifino yonyaka iphelela unyaka owodwa. Abamele leli qembu lezitshalo bahlanganisa i-mogar, i-corn, iSudan utshani, i-ryegrass yonyaka, i-millet yase-Afrika, amabele, ama-oats nabanye.

Zivame ukuhlwanyelwa ekubunjweni kwemixube yotshani, isibonelo, amabele okuvunwa kwe-silage. Utshani waseSudan unikeza isivuno esihle se-hay esinokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni aphezulu. I-mogar iye yazibonakalisa esakhiweni somthumbi ohlaza. Iqala ukuhlanzwa ngesikhathi sokulahla i-panicle, idliwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zokulima. Izilwane nezinyoni.

Izilwane zasendle

Izitshalo nazo zingasendle. Lezi zitshalo zanda ezindaweni ezise-steppe nasehlathini. Ziyodwa yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zokudla hhayi kuphela izilwane zasemapulazini, kodwa futhi nezinduna zasendle. Uhlelo lwezimpande ezithintekile lugcina inhlabathi, kulondoloze ama-expanses angenamkhawulo we-steppes efomeni layo langempela.