Sudan utshani: ukutshalwa technology, imbewu rate, imbewu kanye nezici yemvelo

Sudan utshani (noma amabele Sudanese, Sudan utshani) - eliphezulu ukuhoxa izitshalo. Sikhula ezimweni enhle kuze kube ngamamitha amathathu, ukwakha omunye impande 120 ngeziqu. Nge amasu okulima efanele kulinywe kunikeza umlando utshani waminyaka yonke ogcinwa aklaba izitshalo. Ngesimo silage, notshani, nenhlanga, fresh-usike mass green, isetshenziselwa fattening izinkomo.

Sudan utshani: izici begazi

Amabele sudanense kungokwalabo amabele bohlobo. Sikwazi ukukhula eqinile fibrous uhlelo impande ngu 2.5 m ukudepha nokunaba 75 cm. cylindrical Glabrous stem egcwele ezimhlophe parenchyma sithambile. Akuwona wonke izinhlobo ziphezulu. Kukhona compact plant ukuphakama esingaphansi imitha ne (amahlumela kufika ku-12) a amancane naphakathi (12-25) tillering. izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye shape ehlathini:

• Yimani niqonde.
• Recumbent.
• Reclining.
• Elikhulayo.
• Slaboraskidistye.

Efiswayo beveling slaboraskidistye ezihlabayo uqotho, amabele Sudanese kunjalo ngalezi zici ivamile. Ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, likhula eliphezulu kakhulu utshani Sudanese, isithombe okuyinto emangalisayo. Ngo-Russian ngokuvamile emfishane kutshalwa izinhlobo utshani Mironovskaya 8, 12, 100 Kinelsky, Aida, Hercules 3 Chernomorka, Volgogradskaia 77 azimuth Brodskaya 2 Innovator 151 Severyanka, Novosibirsk 84 Kamyshinskaya 51 Zonalskaya 6 nabanye.

izakhiwo yokudla okunempilo

Sudan utshani njengezinkabi hay imifino kuyinto ukudla omuhle okunomsoco. Oluhlaza amaprotheni mass - 3%, amaprotheni - 4.4% ushukela - 7,9-9,1%. Sudan utshani advantageously exutshwe okusanhlamvu, ikakhulukazi - alfalfa. Izingxube ezinjalo te okuningi nge-calcium, amaprotheni, i-nitrogen khulula izinto extractive. Ubuningi obukhulu mass oluhlaza, ukumelana kokudla futhi ikhono zikhule ngokushesha (phakathi nenkathi - izikhathi 4-5) ukwenza Sudanese omunye the best nedlelo utshani.

Ikhwalithi yokudla okunempilo hay zincike ugunda isikhathi. Uma ekuvuneni kwayo esigabeni buttonhole komkhiqizo ukuze ulondoloze amaningi okuluhlaza - 14-16%. amaprotheni nakakhulu (14,2-18,9%) iyagcinwa uma sika Sudan utshani ukuqala isigaba. Silage Kunconywa ukumba lapho okusanhlamvu kuthululwe. By the way, silage kunomsoco ifaniswe corn.

Ubuchwepheshe ukutshalwa Sudan utshani

Ukuze imbewu at kokumethemba elilungile kukhona imifino, okusanhlamvu izitshalo (ikakhulukazi ebusika). Okuphoqelekile pre-ukucutshungulwa ukhula. ESiberia Research Institute ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izimo amahlathi-asemaqeleni ehloniphekile imbewu isivuno etholwe emva umusi kumiswa Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi, ummbila.

Kubalulekile aphathe inhlabathi, ikhumbula uhlobo nokuklanywa. Khiqiza kuzo zonke ukwelashwa eyisisekelo Kwenziwa ekwindla. Lokhu ziyosiza umswakama womhlabathi elibala yasekwindla neqhwa. EWestern eSiberia (asemaqeleni zone) ekwindla ejulile (25 cm) eshayisa ensimini entwasahlobo ukugcina umswakama emikhondweni ezimbili kukhona spike-izinyo Harrow. Ukuhambisana, namasimu ugingqe abahleli ngaphambi nangemva ukutshala inikeza amahlumela ezinobungane.

Ngaphandle namaxhaphozi inhlabathi usuke hhayi afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye Sudan utshani. izici eziphilayo ukunikeza isivuno esihle ngisho emazweni nosawoti. The best esandulele uphizi uthathwa, pelyushka, vetch, alfalfa, iklabishi, amazambane. Kuyasiza sikhule okusabhontshisi, kanye namabele Sudanese.

Ngokushesha ebanjwa ugunda lokuqala nelesibili, big mass oluhlaza luyokhula elilandelayo 2-3 cut uhlelo. Kunconywe ukuhlanza hay wotshani isimo. Asongwe sifanamsindvo ngokushesha futhi podvyalivayut kangcono ngesivinini omiswe zemvelo.

ukulungiselela imbewu

Imbewu Sudan utshani zilalela nokulungiselela seedbed. Etching is alternated nge ezishisayo emoyeni-Ukushisa, ziphatha microfertilizers. ishayela Imbewu etholwe begazi ndawonye ziqhume microelements te ne ukusetshenziswa sakugcina kukamanyolo.

Enye yezindlela ukwenza kusebenze izinqubo kwamakhemikhali bokuphila - sishaye ngaphambi kokutshala izixazululo ekhethekile equkethe boron (ungayithola enye zinc) kanye manganese. Ngo 2 amalitha amanzi usuhlakazekile 15-18 g potassium permanganate kanye evamile 6-9 g boron noma ukhethe nosawoti. Le mali kwanele ukusingatha 1 Quintal imbewu. Ukuze ngokulinganayo ukusabalalisa imbewu kahle enyakaza ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngaphambi ayihlwanyelayo, kufanele ezomile.

A more indlela yesimanje sokulungiselela seedbed - vernalization. Gilazi kuthululwe 20 amalitha amanzi wathela Quintal imbewu. Linda kuze kube yilapho imbewu ngokuphelele zimunce amanzi. Bese bethatha futhi benziwa yinqwaba amancane, ukugcina kulesi simo izinsuku 8 ebumnyameni 20-30 C. Ukuvimbela ukubola, mass njalo Ted, lokwela. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha izinga ukuhluma. Uma imbewu amabhu uphanga, raked yinqwaba. Vernalization ephumelela kakhulu ngoba imbewu izitshalo.

izinga seeding

Kuphela enhlabathini efudumele (+10 c) Sudan utshani itshalwe. Izinga zokutshala iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inqubo zokutshala. Nge ilungu inqubo eqhubekayo - in the uhla 25-30 kg 1 ha. Lapho shirokorjadnyj indlela e Ezindaweni ezinesomiso izinga isigamu - 10-15 kg. Lapho ngokuchichima umswakama imbewu ukubekwa ukukhiqiza ngomshini kumuntu ka 3-5 cm on omisiwe, nenhlabathi ukukhanya ukujula imbewu obutholakala ezijulile -.. 6-8 cm Uma Sudan utshani sihlwanyelwa ingxube nabanye Yamasiko, ngesilinganiso zokutshala kuyehla 15-25%.

ukulungiselela seedbed

ukulungiselela seedbed eyisicefe. Uma weqa esinye sezinyathelo kuzoncishiswa druzhnost ukuhluma, tillering, isivuno. Inqubo:

1. Shelling.
2. Ukulima Deep.
3. Early entwasahlobo ezinyantisayo.
4. Two-isikhathi pre-ayihlwanyelayo kulinywe.
5. Oku-ayihlwanyelayo inhlabathi titibonelo letinkhulu tekuvumelana.
6. Posleposevnoe nokupakisha inhlabathi.

Isikhathi kukamanyolo ukwandisa izivuno. amazinga Kunconywe ngayinye ehektheleni 1: 20-30 kg umanyolo, phosphate 30-45 kg, 30-45 kg nitrogen umquba.

izakhiwo awusizo

Ngaphezu isivuno obuningi green ifolishi mass, Sudan utshani Kusizuzisa eyawela enhlabathini, ukucindezela ukhula. Ngenxa nezimpande eziqinile fibrous isiko ithuthukisa breathability futhi umswakama umthamo zenhlabathi, uthukulula kubo, ekuthathweni kweenqunto kulula, namadreni umswakama ngokweqile. Ukuxega inhlabathi ngotshani ngempumelelo esiwuhogelayo, nenzuzo inhlabathi nezilwanyana ezincane nezibungu asakaze kangcono nge usheshisa ukucutshungulwa humus. Izitshalo ngokwabo mancane ogulayo, ukukhiqiza iyakhula.

Sudan utshani ikhono likhule ku nosawoti nenhlabathi zihlanganisa ivumela Ukujikeleza engafanele nezinye izitshalo nosawoti. Ezindaweni lapho ukuguguleka iqhubeka, kubuye kube wusizo ukuhlwanyela lo imbiza nge izimpande enamandla ekhasa ubambe izinhlayiya inhlabathi kusukela weathering, leaching.

Kodwa zikhona umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama. Thanda corn, Sudan utshani osuka inhlabathi microelements eziningi, impoverishing ke. Okuyixazululayo inkinga lokutshala ngokuhlanganyela a unyaka leguminous. Eliphezulu sigqoka fertilizer futhi ubuyisela ibhalansi amagciwane abe nenkani.