Imisebenzi kanye nomqondo wokusebenza

Kusukela ekuqaleni kokusebenza kwe-computer lidlule akunjalo eside ngezindinganiso emlandweni wesintu. Kodwa nakhu uhlelo lokusebenza ukuphatha kwabo, wangenela kude phambili. It is hhayi ezihlobene ngisho ne ukuthuthukiswa UBill Gates, uhlongoza ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Windows. Empeleni, konke kwenzeka ngaphambili kakhulu. Umqondo wokusebenza, udinga ukuqala ubuka kusuka uhambo iDemo ku umlando hlelo. Futhi lokhu akuyona yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo yesistimu yokusebenza, Ukwahlukaniswa esebenzayo kanye neminye imibandela ngaphandle kwalo ongalifinyelela.

Ezamakhompiyutha ekuqaleni kokudalwa

Uma sicabanga amakhompyutha isikhathi nesenzakalo yabo, ukusebenza kohlelo njengoba enjalo, khona-ke lingekho nhlobo. ikhompyutha Old kuyinto ezivamile computer uhlelo ekwazi ukumelana iyiphi imisebenzi zezibalo.

The elula idatha isixazululo IO ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona amakhadi Punch nephepha tape. Eyokuqala has a amaseli akhethekile ezingenalutho, alternation okukuvumela ukuthi ufake ulwazi ngendlela lelandzelana kahle. WesiBili bheke kokubonisa yi kusetshenzwe. Ngokwemvelo, le ndlela kwaba ungakhululekile kakhulu, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zaqala ukubonakala izinhlelo ezenzakalelayo angaphendula ngokushesha ukuze okusetshenziswayo bese imiphumela.

Entry level izilimi izinhlelo

Concept futhi yokusebenza nemisebenzi uhlelo akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngaphandle okungenani babe nolwazi oluyisisekelo izilimi izinhlelo.

Kwasukasukela omunye elula waqonda futhi wabhala izinhlelo kubhekwa ulimi Eyisisekelo. Yayibafundisa ngisho esikoleni esiphakeme. Ukusebenzisa ke ukubhala izinhlelo, kwakunokwenzeka ukudala ihluzo, ukudlala umculo (Nokho kuphela usebenzisa uhlelo Dynamics) nokunye. D. Mayelana yini esinayo namuhla, ngisho inkulumo alikwazanga. Umqondo nenjongo yesistimu yokusebenza kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ngisho bakudala izilimi izinhlelo Akasekho wakwazi ukubhekana kangcono nale abaziphathisiwe IO ukusebenza. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga kudingeka sisondele kuye kakhulu.

ukuguqulwa

Njengoba wazi, elula ngolimi izinhlelo imvelo, okungase ukusebenza ubani, angiyekanga ukuzama konke esinakho okwamanje. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, saqala ukuvela amaphekhi wolimi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngenhlanhla, kukhona lisasebenza (the Assembler efanayo noma Delphi).

Nakuba Assembler nhlelo zokusebenzisa okwamanje ngekubhala, nakuba izicelo eziningi kanjani lolu limi. Kodwa lapha ukudala ephelele uhlelo lokusebenza (noma, njengoba besho manje, i-OS), izilimi ezifana bengakwamukeli ekuqaleni. Yingakho nemiqondo eyisisekelo wokusebenza zishintshile kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kwacaca ukuthi kwawona yesistimu yokusebenza ibe uhlobo yokuxhuma isixhumanisi phakathi kwekhompyutha 'nensimbi' izingxenye, izicelo kanye nabasebenzisi. Ngakho-ke uvele okokuqala uhlelo lokulawula, okungase ngokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza kuqala. Yiqiniso, ngoba babekude kakhulu kakhulu namuhla.

Ukusetshenziswa izinhlelo kuqala ngocingo Ukuhwebelana

Inkampane yokuqala ukuqala usebenzisa nemiqondo eyisisekelo wokusebenza, kwaba inkampani yocingo American-AT & T

Lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba isikhathi onjiniyela baye bazama ubuchwepheshe ukuze ukushintsha ucingo ukuxhumana phakathi ababhalisile. Uma umuntu uyakhumbula kuze kube ama-movie kuleyo minyaka kungabonwa opharetha ukuthi ukuxhuma ababhalisile ngokusebenzisa Imigudu ekhethekile afakwa cell ethize elihambisana inombolo ye ucingo angenayo naphumayo.

Umqondo wokusebenza, kulesi simo zingancishiswa kuphela kuyazenzakela inqubo uxhumano ababhalisile ngaphandle iqhaza opharetha. Ezweni computer kunenkolelo yokuthi uhlelo Kusetshenziswe-AT & T, babé uhlobo sibonelo izinhlelo yesimanje Unix ezisekelwe (okuyinto ngenhlanhla osebenza ku Linux eziningi ozithandayo).

Windows: Indlela Kuqalwe

Kuyini namuhla uhlelo lokusebenza? Umqondo, imisebenzi eyisisekelo - konke lokhu akunakugwenywa ngaphandle kuvisisa onjani revolution izwe ikhompyutha, i-Microsoft eliwenzile umuntu komholi walo, bese-Bill Gates. Yena waqala ukuphakamisa indlela edidiyelayo ukuqonda ukuhlobana amakhono ama-computer futhi ikhasimende ubani ubukele imiphumela yezenzo zabo phezu qapha.

Ngakho DOS uhlelo yadalwa. Kwasebenza, kodwa kuphela ngezinto imiyalo wangena ngesandla, kodwa "umuntu omdala" Norton bazama ukwenza okuthile obumbene ukuze wonke aphakathi zingalawulwa lilonke.

Manje umqondo yesistimu yokusebenza (OS) akuyona bengenalwazi umkhiqizo ezifana esiyingqayizivele like Norton uMlawuli, ngoba izicelo eziningi ezifana abaphathi ifayela yawudala e ngomfanekiso "kakhokho Norton sika."

Yebo ukuthatha ngisho ezifana izicelo owaziwa ezifana Windows Commander noma Ubude uMlawuli, okuyinto ekusebenzisaneni baye elifanayo panel ezimbili lathathwa Norton, ngokuhlanganyela okhiye umsebenzi, okungaba aphoyintimenti ngqo, noma enze ezinye izenzo lapho sicindezelwe kanyekanye ne-Shift noma Ctrl .

izinhlelo Into ngamakhasimende

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbono nhlelo zokusebenzisa kushintshile futhi. Ukusebenzisa imiyalo elula esibonakalayo mafutha kwaholela yokuthi Microsoft iye yasungula uhlelo umqondo omusha ngokuphelele ukuze kube nokuxhumana phakathi kwamakhompyutha kanye nabasebenzisi.

Kungokufanayo Bill Geyts wanika umsebenzisi esibonakalayo sokuqhafaza, ngemuva okuyinto wafihla uhlelo ukubulawa noma ezinye izinqubo isofthiwe. Kulokhu, uhlelo lwe-Windows ezisebenza, umqondo okuyizinto ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuya ulimi lokwakha (C + / C ++), wayegila ngempumelelo nazo zonke "hardware" izingxenye amakhompyutha, ukubeka ekusebenzeni ngendlela efanele futhi efanele firmware ekhethekile, namuhla ezibizwa ngokuthi abashayeli. Ngakho sekungenzeka ukuba ukuxhuma ngokuphelele kunoma iyiphi idivayisi (ngisho neuropathy).

Isibonelo elula kungenzeka amaphrinta esifanayo, video amakhadi, esikhiphekayo abezindaba , nokunye. D.

Kodwa kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Yingakho Onjiniyela software udale "ibhuloho 'ekhethekile uthola igama IDirectX. Abakhi imishini emisha futhi waqala ukuveza imishini usebenzisa Plug & Play okujwayelekile (ipulaki and play). Manje kwaba ngokwanele nje ukufaka umshayeli idivayisi, ukuze lusebenza kahle ohlelweni.

Kuzoqalwa nge-Windows'98, abashayeli amadivaysi ezivamile futhi ezithandwayo elahlanganiswa ukufakwa iphakethe ngokwayo izinhlelo zokusebenzisa. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngisho for zobuchwepheshe mobile akudingekile ukufaka abashayeli ngesandla.

Umqondo wesistimu yokusebenza multi-tasking

Abantu abaningi abasebenzisa i-computer izinhlelo kancane abaqondi, yini ehlangene multi-tasking uhlelo. Ngamagama alula ke zingachazwa ngezinqubo ukusebenza izinqubo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ithuba benze imisetjenzana ehlukahlukeneko, okuyinto anikezwa ku arsenal. Ngakho, ngalo kanye 'Isistimu "ibe yisikhali esinamandla ukwenza izenzo ezehlukene, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo third-party ukuthi abathola isahlulelo e okuzenzakalelayo ke singanikezwanga, nokunye. D.

Asebenzayo: umqondo, ngezigaba

Njengoba for wokusebenza wamanje, kodwa namuhla eziningi lapho. okuncintiswana naye ngqo ale Nhlangano Microsoft - Apple yinkampani ekhiqiza amakhompyutha kanye namadivayisi eselula. Ngokungafani Windows kuba uhlelo Mac OS X ezisebenza, okuyinto (Isimanga siwukuthi) kudalwa ngomfanekiso we "amawindi".

Okuwukuphela kwento Kuyaphawuleka Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuze kube manje lena ephephe kunazo yesistimu yokusebenza emhlabeni. Ngoba akusona into amagciwane zidalwe, basuke kule ndawo nje awasebenzi.

Wokusebenza zamadivayisi eselula

abakhiqizi imishini mobile nazo uyasala. Umqondo futhi umsebenzi yesistimu yokusebenza kusukela lo mbono kumelwe ukwakha kuphela kulokho iqoqo OS kunjiniyela usise yena. Kuyacaca ukuthi smartphone noma ithebhulethi efanayo ngeke ukuhlangabezana isikrini evamile nge inkinobho efanayo "Qala" njengoba Windows (ngisho nangemva 'eziyisikhombisa ", futhi yashiywa dengwane).

Kodwa umqondo yesistimu yokusebenza kukhawulwe ukusetshenziswa amawijethi noma izithonjana, ngokuchofoza okuyinto ungabiza ethile isicelo, umsebenzi noma uhlelo.

Okuvame kakhulu kulesi sici kungenziwa ngokuthi "OSes» uhlobo Android, iOS, Windows Mobile, Blackberry nabanye. Njengoba ubona, ngisho nabahlonishwa zomhlaba Computing Ushiye umqondo wokuthi ngisho nomqondo onjalo yesistimu yokusebenza, Ukwahlukaniswa uhlobo elisebenzisekayo (noma etholakalayo ukuba abantu babulawelwe kuzo) izicelo, nokunye. D.

Ngokuvamile, kukhona manje ngisho nokuqhuba uhlelo olukwazi ukunciphisa ezinye "OSes". Abanaso zidinga ukufakwa kwi drive kanzima futhi kungenziwa eziqhutshwa kusukela kunoma iyiphi abezindaba esikhiphekayo. Umqondo wokusebenza, kulesi simo akunakwenzeka ukuhambahamba ngaphandle kukhulunywa lokhu imikhiqizo eyingqayizivele isofthiwe njengoba BeOS. Kwabaningi-ke ayaziwa, kodwa yathi ukulanda "OSes" nge disc noma ye-USB drive, ungakwazi ukulungisa izinkinga eziningi e-Windows efanayo. Lapho ukusebenzisa, nje Bypasses Windows ukuqalisa wemboni (nge amalunga yohlobo ehambisana embukisweni ukulayisha BIOS).