Isakhiwo semininingwane

Imininingwane, kokuba ngesisekelo ezihlukahlukene electronic data interchange izinhlelo ihlelwe ngendlela ekhethekile futhi ubizwa ngokuthi egciniwe. Ukuze uqonde lokhu umqondo, kanye ukuqonda ukuthi yini isakhiwo database, kuyafaneleka sihlolisise lesi simanga.

Ngokuvamile, lapho udala egciniwe kumele zithobele izidingo ezilandelayo. Kufanele kube lula ngoba impatho futhi icwecwe, elingenalo Imininingwane eziphindaphindekayo. Esimisweni phezulu izakhi ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi izibopho akhiwa phakathi kwawo - kwengane nabazali. Okusho ukuthi, lolu lwazi itholakala ngenhla noma ngezansi mayelana uhlelo oluthile into. Kodwa omunye wabo uhlale main, okuvela kulo lonke uhlelo iqala. Ngenxa yalokho leli lungiselelo kolwazi amabhlogo elakhiwe isihlahla semininingwane isakhiwo okuyinto sici uhlelo ifayela ligcwaliswa kumakhompyutha.

Yolwazi, kwasakazwa inethiwekhi abe nezici efanayo database phezulu. Umehluko phakathi kwabo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi izakhi ingane yokuqala ungaba okhokho amaningi.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokucabangela ngokuningiliziwe isakhiwo nezinhlobo, udinga ukuchaza umqondo othile database. Asho ukuthini leli gama? Inchazelo elula lokhu: database - indlela ukuhlela futhi nokugcina imininingwane. Izinhlobo kanye nezindlela ukuhlela ulwazi kukhona impela eningi. Ngamunye wabo has target yayo ukuma, ihlangabezana nezimfuneko ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, idatha ngolimi-XML olwakhiwe njengoba nje nesihlahla, eye branched impande kanye ISIZINDA. Kodwa lena enye nje uhlobo isitoreji idatha.

Isakhiwo phezulu semininingwane elungiselelwe ukufunda, Ukukhetha idatha okusheshayo wokukhipha ukuba umsebenzisi. Kodwa-ke nezihibe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-computer, lula ngokwanele ukwenza imisebenzi ifayela ethize noma ifolda (okuyizinto izakhi isakhiwo phezulu), eside wahlanganyela kokuhlola uhlelo ngezifo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi uhlelo esinjalo ezingafanelanga Ukuhlelwa ngemihlobo okusheshayo ulwazi kanye, uma kunesidingo, nenqubo kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ratios yizakhi ezakheke kanjena ukuthi aphansi into, aba maningi lokushutheka yayo. Kuthinte ubudlelwano phezulu phakathi komzali nengane yakhe izakhi kohlelo.

Kuyaphawuleka omunye ngezigaba yolwazi. Kuzoboniswa ukuze ekugcineni ukucacisa inkinga izindlela ezikhona kolwazi USB. Ngu ubunjalo ulwazi supply semininingwane ihlukaniswe olwakhiwe (idatha njengoba ubuningi), lulwimi olwakhiwe (idatha umbhalo) futhi akusenjalo (iwebhu semantic). yolwazi ehleliwe kufanele amazinga eziningana lapho ulwazi amayunithi zitholakala. Lezi zihlanganisa inethiwekhi kanye database ephethwe yisigungu sesonto, lapho ukuxhumana asethwe phakathi amafayela ngabanye. Uma database phezulu iyafana esihlahleni, inethiwekhi sifana inethiwekhi. Ngesikhathi isakhiwo esifanayo semininingwane yakhelwe ukuze uqhube noma yikuphi vertex futhi phakathi pair of vertices kungaba izixhumanisi ezimbalwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ifayela eyodwa igcina ubudlelwano eziningi, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi uhlobo yayo azifani. Angase abe ilungu yamafayela (phakathi lapho uxhumano kuthiwa) noma umnikazi.

Kukhona zingubudlelwane imodeli egciniwe lapho ukuxhumana phakathi amafayela kuchazwa ngamandla ngesikhathi lapho isicelo senziwa. Yolwazi ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka uhlobo ulwazi oluqukethwe kuyo, kuya letinemaciniso, documentary futhi lexicographical.

Ngakho, i-database - uhlelo ehleliwe ngokukhethekile, ngendlela yokugcina ulwazi okungaba ifomu tabular. Isethi amathebula multiple kokuba uxhumano okunengqondo phakathi, futhi udale database.