Uhlobo lwedatha nezindlela processing zabo

Bheka indawo ekuzungezile: zonke elisizungezile - kuyinto umzimba wenyama, noma ensimini. Sesiyazi ukuthi sokuqala e ukushintshana okuqhubekayo, ukunyakaza. Zonke lezi zinqubo ukukhiqiza amandla, okuyinto njalo isuka ifomu eyodwa kuya kwenye. Ngenxa yalokho-eneji kuveza isignali. Ngokusekelwe osekushiwo, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ngokuyisisekelo babe imvelo impahla.

Nxa isitshengiselo baxhumana umzimba wenyama, futhi ebhaliswe, inqubo ngendlela ehlukile kungahunyushwa kanje: izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zedatha elotshiwe umzimba wenyama. Yini esinayo ukuphela? Izincazelo esingaphezulu kwalemibandela. Hhayi buzo babe hlobo of idatha kuba, zingabantu amasignali kubhaliswe.

Operations kudatha

kakade Sishilo yokuthi idatha kungenziwa siguqulelwa tinhlobo letehlukene temisho, le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ulwazi, kuyilapho kuthatha indawo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi bahlanganise izinhlobo eziyisisekelo idatha, udinga ukwazi ukuthi bafake ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi, ezifana:

• Collection.
• Ukufometha.
• Ukuhlunga.
• Ukuhlunga.
• Ilondoloza.
• Ukuguqulwa.
• Ukuvikelwa.
• Ezokuthutha.

Manje i-pair of imigqa wokusebenza ngamunye. Zonke izinhlobo idatha ekuqaleni eqoqwe evumela buthelela ulwazi olufanele ukuze enze isinqumo. Ekhuluma ukufometha, ukubandakanya ukuguqulwa izinhlobo eziningana idatha engenayo ingqondo olulodwa, le nqubo kwenza kube kufinyeleleke kalula. Njengoba kulula ukuqagela, umsebenzi zokuhlunga ihlinzeka ulwazi ongaphakeme dropout. Ngu ukuhlunga ukuhleleka kuka liyayiqonda injongo yalezi lula. Ilondoloza ikuvumela ukuba ugcine semali idatha ngaphandle incurring izindleko ezinkulu kwezomnotho. Yonke imininingwane ifomu etholakalayo. Ukuguqulwa - inqubo zokuguqula idatha ngohlobo olulodwa kwesinye. Ukuvikelwa kusiza ukuvimbela ukulahleka, futhi lahlukene izinyathelo. Ezokuthutha ungakwazi adlulisele ulwazi oludingekayo phakathi amasayithi akude.

Imininingwane ngezigaba izinhlobo nezinhlobo

Kasibili zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu idatha zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili kahle esikhulu:

• Eziguquguqukayo.
• Njalo.

Yiqiniso mathematics, siyazi ukubaluleka kwalezi izinhlobo idatha. Eyokuqala yiluphi ulwazi ukuthi ivame ukuba ashintshe. I constants kukhona idatha efanayo musa ukushintsha, zingabantu unomphela.

Futhi, ulwazi sihlukene phakathi lezi zinhlobo:

• Izinombolo.
• Umbhalo.
• Isikhombi Soxhumanoningi.

Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama idatha enikeziwe ngesimo umsindo, izithombe kanye nezinye izimpawu. Uvela Eqinisweni lisho noma yiluphi uhlobo kolwazi, ihlukaniswe nezinhlobo:

• Byte.
• Yezinombolo.
• Usuku nesikhathi.
• Imininingwane elinengqondo.
• Into.

Coding. ikhodi kanambambili

Ngakho, sabuka izinhlobo eziyisisekelo elula izinhlobo idatha ohlwini, akhonjwe ukusebenza main, okungase kusetshenziswe. Manje sibheka yezindlela esephepheni. Ake sibone ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zedatha zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela binary code. Ukuze uqale nge siyowuqonda ukuthi ikhodi kanambambili. Asihambe!

Njengoba ungase ukuqagela, le ndlela kuyasiza zidlulisela ukwaziswa, okungukuthi, ukwethula ke ngesimo ikhodi. Kungani-ke kubizwa ngokuthi kanambambili? Iqiniso lokuthi ikhodi okunjalo ingaqukatha Izinombolo ezimbili kuphela - 0 no-1, okuyizinto inhlanganisela ezahlukene.

Sishilo kakade ukuthi ulwazi kungaba ezinhlobo ezahlukene, futhi ukuze wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo idatha efakiwe elizoguqulwa kwifomu olulodwa. kanambambili wekhodi amasu isetshenziswa Computing. Ngakho idijithi ngayinye kanambambili (0 noma 1) umele omunye kancane.

Kulula ukuba izibalo zethu: usebenzisa 2 izingcezu singatlolwa bunjesi ezine nje imiqondo, ezintathu-idijithi - ayisishiyagalombili, njalonjalo. Kukhona ifomula ekhethekile elikuvumela ukuba ungabhali uhlu ongakhetha in ekhanda lami, njengoba kuba kakhulu umsebenzi isikhathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho engenakwenzeka. Kubonakala sengathi lokhu: N = 2 ^ m. Kulesi ifomula, kukhona eziguquguqukayo ezimbili: N - is inombolo inhlanganisela kunokwenzeka, kanye m - nenani izingcezu, okungukuthi, bangaki amadijithi kanambambili sisebenzisa.

isakhiwo idatha

Njengoba sazi okwenzeka kuye uqobo, nanoma iyiphi idatha kulula ukusebenza uma systematized. Ungakhetha ezimbalwa ongakhetha elihlela ulwazi, okungukuthi, izinhlobo izakhiwo:

• Ukuthuthukiswa.
• Tabular.
• Phezulu.

Lapho sizama ukuhlela idatha, sibhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu ezimbili: indlela ehlukanisa ulwazi bese kanjani ukuthola lokho esikudingayo.

Manje, ambalwa imigqa mayelana uhlobo izakhiwo ngamunye. Okokuqala kuhla lwethu kuyinto komugqa futhi kuthatha kule ndawo ngesizathu esithile. Kuyinto kakhulu, sonke siyazi ohlwini, lapho uhlu ngalunye inenombolo ayo ethize.

Landelayo kuyinto ifomu tabular. Bungaba khona kanjani ukuthola ulwazi olufanele? Iseli ngalinye inekheli ukuthi inezigaba ezimbili (izinhlamvu, izinombolo, noma inhlanganisela yakho). Qaphela ukuthi etafuleni kungaba ezimbili noma multidimensional. Bobabili uhlobo lokuqala nelesibili isakhiwo Kulula ukusebenzisa: konke okudingayo - kuyinto ukwazi ikhodi ulwazi olufunayo. Nokho, kukhona nobunzima owakhiwa ushintsho. Uma ufaka ohlwini noma ithebula isici, kukhona isidingo sokushintsha amakhodi wonke amaseli.

isakhiwo phezulu isetshenziswa lapho izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Kodwa nge isakhiwo esinjalo kulula ukusebenza, kungashiwo kalula eqondiswa noma kulekelelwa.

isitoreji amayunithi

Ukuze sigcine idatha usebenzisa izinto eziningi ezilandelayo: Amabhithi, amabhayithi (okuyi 8 izingcezu), amakhilobhayithi (1024 bytes), wamamegabhayithi (1,024 Kbytes) gigabytes (1024 MB) kanye terabytes (1024 GB). Angikwazi ayeke khona, njengoba kukhona isidingo engasekho.