Izinhlobo Yenkomo ezingulubeni Breed: inyama-okunamafutha, inyama (ubhekeni). Izici kulinywe

Zonke izinhlobo ingulube zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: okunamafutha, inyama okunamafutha, futhi inyama. Ukutshalwa ezimbili zokugcina izinhlobo izindleko kancane ngaphezulu kuyabiza kakhulu kunesokuqala. Kunoma ikuphi, idinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela, yisiphi zohlobo ezingulubeni. Inyama izinhlobo nge umkhiqizo omuhle, ezifuywa eRussia ngendlela efanayo njengoba inyama kanye okunamafutha, kukhona eziningana.

imphawu letibalulekile

Of sebaceous ingulube inyama ungachazwa ngokuthi amafutha emzimbeni baye basakaza on the isidumbu ngokulinganayo. Yingakho igama labo lesibili - ubhekeni. Inyama yenkomo zohlobo izingulube:

• i umzimba side, kancane zinwetshwe buyabuna;
• nemilenze eside;
• iqolo ewumngcingo, emuva buyabuna;
• izimbambo side futhi hams;
• ikhanda engasindi.

Inyama namadwala okunamafutha zisetshenziselwa ezweni lethu zithandwa kakhulu. Khulisa kubo kancane kulula kuka ubhekeni. Ngakho kusukela lezi izingulube ungathola hhayi kuphela eliphezulu inyama namafutha kodwa futhi kuba umkhiqizo oluyigugu. Leli qembu kwezilwane unegama yesibili - jikelele.

Ukwahlukana izinhlobo inyama inyama-okunamafutha ngezinga elithile ezingafanele. Isidumbu izinga isilwane esekhulile ngokuya bathembele izici ekudleni. Ngezinye izikhathi, ubhekeni izingulube uthole eningi fat. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusukela sebaceous - inyama.

Yini zohlobo izingulube ezifuywa ezweni lethu?

ERussia, njengoba kwamanye amazwe amaningi emhlabeni wonke, ingulube kusakazeke futhi ingenye imisebenzi bendabuko wezolimo. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abalimi bejabulela inyama izinhlobo ezifana Landrace, inyama kom kanye ubhekeni Estonia.

Futhi, imindeni eminingi wahlanganyela ukutshala nzalo ethathwe Duroc izingulube. Ngiphephile chithi saka ezweni lethu futhi Urzhum zohlobo izingulube. Inyama yenkomo izinhlobo ezifuywa Yiqiniso, okuningi. Nokho, lezi 5 kukhona ethandwa kakhulu. Kepha inyama kanye okunamafutha amatshe, ezinye zazo kaningi eRussia sikhule esikhulu esimhlophe, Breit nasenyakatho zinhlobo laseSiberia.

Duroc izingulube kanye nzalo yabo

Lolu hlobo yabhaliswa 1883 ensimini ka-United States. Sici Its main esiwuphawu umbala engavamile abomvu ansundu. Duroc zohlobo has:

• umzimba ejulile nebanzi ubude ngokulinganisela;
• izinyawo enamandla kakhulu ubude;
• Iphrofayela athe lwalugobile ikhanda;
• izikhwebu alengayo phansi kuphelile.

Duroc ohlwanyela ezimweni Russian okulula wenzalo kungaletha kuze kufinyelele 7-9 amachwane. Nzalo zalolu hlobo ngokuvamile etholwe ukweqa nge krasnopoyasnoy ingulube. Ngakho obuyigugu kakhulu has F2 ezisencane isizukulwane sesibili.

Landrace ingulube zohlobo: Izici

Lokhu ezihlukahlukene iye ezifuywa e Denmark mayelana leminyaka elidlule. Lomzali wakhe steel Esibanzi izingulube White bese ugoba. Izici esasenza Landrace izinhlobo yilezi: lesikhumba elimhlophe nge elithambile bristle ibhulashi, athuthukiswe kahle ham obukhulu kanye amaphiko imisipha, eside, izindlebe pendulous. ukuthandwa kwakhe phakathi abafuyi bezingulube Landrace zohlobo wathola ngokuyinhloko ukukhuthazela, prolificacy, inzuzo enhle. Breed lula kunamanye izinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Iqiniso ukuthi landraces kakhulu ukumelana nezimo ezicindezelayo.

Fast-white

Lezi izingulube abangu ezifuywa eRussia. Zohlobo yabhaliswa ngo-1993. Elihluke izici zayo:

• umzimba wonke kakhulu;
• ham ezinkulu meaty;
• kancane alengayo izindlebe.

Kom lokhu zohlobo ngokuthi ngenxa izingulube bakhuluphalise kuze ekuhlatshweni isisindo kungaba nangesivinini kunalokho ezinye zezilwane. Izinzuzo zalezi izingulube kuthiwa wenziwa kuhlanganise ukukhuthazela. Ngokuzalanisa ezimhlophe kom kungaba yisiphi isifunda wezwe lakithi.

ubhekeni Estonia

Izilwane zalolu hlobo esizuzwe ngamanga ukweqa Landrace, nesikhova esinamadlebe amade European, isiFinnish, isiJalimane, futhi ezinkulu izingulube emhlophe. Lolu hlobo unezinkolelo zonke izici ezithandwayo lozakwabo yayo. Izici nobuntu Estonia ubhekeni zohlobo kukhona iindlebe pendulous efana hams Landrace, isikhumba pink, evuthiwe kanye amathambo kancane mncane.

Estonia ubhekeni zohlobo ingulube mazombezombe ungachazwa ukudla, okusheshayo kwesisindo (kufika ku 330 kg), nangezinhlaka (12 izingulube) nokukhuthazela. Abanye babethi ke kusimo ubuthakathaka izikhonzi nokuwohloka we sacrum. Kulesi zohlobo zikhona imigqa embalwa: Picker, Sieber, pirate, njll ingulube Estonia, phakathi kwezinye izinto, livame ukusetshenziswa le hybridization kwezinye izindawo zezwe lethu ...

ingulube Urzhum

Lolu hlobo wadalwa Kirov isifunda bhalisiwe e 1957. Izici zako zimi kanje:

• omkhulu, skeleton anolaka;
• ikhanda ezomile nge empumulweni side;
• okujulile, umzimba eside;
• unciphise emuva;
• abakhululiwe esiswini voluminous.

Lolu hlobo kuyinto ethandwayo ngokuyinhloko ngenxa precocity nekhwalithi omuhle kakhulu inyama. Urzhum izingulube avunyelwe aqukethe kuhlanganise nedlelo nobuchwepheshe. Izinzuzo lokhu zohlobo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, faka ethule onesimo nokukhuthala ohlwanyela maqondana inzalo. Isisindo esivamile Izinkunzi zalolu hlobo kuba 310 kg. Hlwanyela ngesikhathi kungaletha kufika ku-12 amawundlu.

Elikhulu ingulube White

Abamele lokhu zohlobo okungenisiwe eRussia in the 80s of XIX leminyaka. Nokho, ukusatshalaliswa ekhethekile ezikutholile ngaleso sikhathi. A yesibili enkulu ingulube ezimhlophe ezweni lethu aseqalile azalela iminyaka kwekhulu elidlule 20. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana kwaba uwukuphela zohlobo ingulube ifektri e-Russia. Inyama izinhlobo wakhulela ezweni lethu namuhla, yebo, nokunye okuningi. Nokho, emhlophe enkulu namanje uhlala ethandwa kakhulu.

Izici zayo ezivelele yilezi: nombala omhlophe, umthethosisekelo eqinile, ikhanda ukukhanya nge ebunzini omkhulu, izindlebe enkulu, hams eside ezibanzi emuva, athuthukiswe kahle futhi ongaphakeme, unyawo lwesokudla ephakanyiswe. White ingulube zohlobo bubaluleke ngokuyinhloko earliness. Phila isisindo Izinkunzi omdala ongafinyelela 350 kilograms. Kwesibeletho ngesikhathi esisodwa kuletha 11-12 be uzale amazinyane amaningi.

Breit-okunamafutha inyama zohlobo

Lokhu ezihlukahlukene iye ezifuywa e Yaroslavl esifundeni. Ngenxa abalimi umzali abakhethelwa Danish Landrace, elikhulu White kanye lendawo izinhlobo. The main izici esisihlukanisayo we Breit-sebaceous inyama izingulube:

• umbala omhlophe;
• usayizi esikhulu;
• ekhanda iphrofayela lwalugobile;
• eside izindlebe ukulengiswa;
• ububanzi nasesifubeni obunzima, walala;
• emuva kwemisipha.

Inzuzo enkulu yale ingulube ibhekwa okuzala eliphezulu. A queen kungaletha nangezinhlaka amabili ngonyaka ka 11-12 be uzale amazinyane amaningi.

enyakatho eSiberia

Lolu hlobo sathathwa ku Novosibirsk esifundeni. Umzali ngoba babe zendawo, hhayi elikhiqizayo futhi, kodwa kahle ingashintshwa ukuze abandayo sezulu izingulube ezinkulu Izinkunzi White. I izici enyakatho elandelayo eSiberia: ngokuvumelanayo eyakhelwe umzimba, umthethosisekelo eqinile, emuva ezibanzi, iqolo side, imilenze enamandla, athuthukiswe kahle hams. izingulube lwesayensi lokhu zohlobo ngokuyinhloko wenzalo (kufika ku-12 be uzale amazinyane amaningi), indlela lativa ngayo ezolile futhi okusheshayo kwesisindo (kufika ku 360 kg).

Ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe inyama kanye nenyama-lard izinhlobo

Fattening kwezilwane wenziwa ubuchwepheshe ezimbili eziyinhloko: inyama kanye ubhekeni. Kuze engu-izinyanga 2.5-3, lo isabelo nsuku zonke ezingulubeni kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo ezilandelayo:

• okuphakelayo - 1.3 kg;
• Potato - 250 g;
• skimmed - 1 kg;
• beetroot - 250 g

Okulandelayo, landa abasha empeleni idluliselwe inyama noma ubhekeni fattening. Zokuhlatshwa ngokuvamile ikhiqizwa lapho isisindo yengulube ifinyelela 100-120 kg.

fattening yenkomo Ikakhulukazi

Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo okuqukethwe kuhlanganisa nezikhathi ezimbili eziyinhloko. Esikhathini wokulungiselela isigaba isisekelo nge inyama isabelo fattening zimumethe okuphakelayo oluhlaza futhi amnandi (30%). Lokhu kungaba imifino impande, amakhabe, imidumba eziqongweni t. D. Winter futhi ingasetshenziswa silage futhi utshani sakusihlwa. Amaphrotheni ngayinye okuphakelayo iyunithi ngalesi sikhathi kuzakuba mayelana 115 g

In esigabeni yokudla fattening yesibili uba isisekelo okuphakelayo kanzulu (85-90%). Elivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu okusanhlamvu ingxube (ukolweni, ibhali, ummbila, i-oats). Ukuze asindise kungenziwa wanezela bran. Ngezinye izikhathi, esigabeni sesibili nezingulube ezidla amazambane. Kodwa kulokhu hhayi ngaphansi kuka-50% of the Ukudla kufanele kube ugxilisa. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina "imenyu" ezingulubeni ngempela sikhiphe nobe ngusiphi supplements kanye ukudla, kungaba kubi kakhulu ukunambitheka inyama (inhlanzi, bran, soy, amabele).

ubhekeni fattening

Lokhu ubuchwepheshe ivumela okuqukethwe ukuthola ingulube esihlwabusayo kakhulu nge mncane yamafutha amaningi emzimbeni. Izingulube for fattening ezikhethiwe eneminyaka engu-izinyanga 2.5. Kulokhu, ngempela wawungabavumeli nezintibane. Ekudleni nsuku zonke izilwane nge inqubo enjalo libukeka kanje:

• skimmed futhi igxile (ibhali edingekayo) - 1.5 kg;
• ifolishi green - 3 kg;
• impande izitshalo - 2 kg;
• Salt - 20 g

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, izingulube, njengoba inyama fattening, ayifakiwe soy Ukudla, bran, inhlanzi nokunye. D.

izingulube fattening up okunamafutha Imibandela ngu

Lobu buchwepheshe livame ukusetshenziswa ezikhulayo inyama-isinqumelo izinhlobo. Kulokhu, nezingulube ihlatjwe ngemva kokuba afinyelele isisindo mayelana 200 kg. Ukuze yokudla kwezimiso ezikhethiwe ukuze okunamafutha stokilogrammovye amachwane. Ngesisekelo ukudla kwabo esikhathini esizayo ezakha okune esiningi carbohydrate. Lokhu kungaba beet, ummbila, amazambane, Molasses nokunye okunjalo. D. ugxilisa Futhi unikezwa. Ekuqaleni fattening njengoba zokugcina ngokuvamile zisebenzisa kakolweni corn, ekugcineni - unyaluthi nebhali.

Ekuhleleni ipulazi kwasekuqaleni, yebo, udinga ukuthola ncamashí ukuhlelwa, okuyinto esimweni sakho kungaba zohlobo engcono ezingulubeni. Inyama izinhlobo, libhekene ukukhiqiza kakhulu, wenzalo okukhuthazela, kunezindlela eziningi. ukunakekelwa kahle sikhathi yokudla efanele nge efanele ngokukhetha abasha ukwenza ipulazi inzuzo futhi engabizi.