Kuyini isithonjana? Inkinga ikuphi-ingabe le ncazelo futhi yini ukuthuthukiswa bekulokhu ezweni lanamuhla

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi isithonjana ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukubheka esidlule.

Zesikrini namakhasi isihloko yesandla yasendulo

Njengoba kwabika i-izichazamazwi zethu nama-encyclopedia, kudala, lapho kwakungekho ibhizinisi ukuphrinta, nangenxa yevangeli futhi kosanta akopishwa ngesandla, le mibhalo yesandla abangu ehlotshiswe imifanekiso, izithombe zangemuva, sihenqo nemifanekiso amakepisi, wenza ngemibala egqamile. Vele ehlotshisiwe nesembozo, endpapers futhi Amakhasi isihloko izincwadi.

Kusukela impande minium Latin, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "cinnabar, minium" - upende obomvu - zwi ezincanyana yabadobi lisho izithombe ngokucace. Ngaphambi abantu besikhathi ngasinda labo emincanyana ekuseni, okuyinto namuhla izikhumbuzo zomlando.

Isibonelo ephendula umbuzo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi miniature endulo, kuyinto isilondolozi isihenqo Ostromir Gospel 1057 - ingenye ncwadi emidala kakhulu esekhona.

Isithonjana e Fedoskino isitayela

Kancane kancane kwaba khona ukudluliselwa yegama elithi phezu ubukhulu bento. Namuhla, umbuzo yini ezincanyana ngamunye uzokutshela ukuthi into encane kakhulu, kodwa amahle. Kwathi ngenxa yokuthi ekhulwini le-18 kwaqala ukuvela ezihlukahlukene art izinto ezinokuphakama Ubukhulu ezincane kakhulu, kodwa enziwe ukunakekelwa okukhulu, uju kanye umusa.

Ngokwesibonelo, edolobhaneni Fedoskino yomthengisi Korobov ihlelwe ukukhiqizwa kozyrochnoe e 1795. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, liphefumulelwe evakashele Brunswick ifektri Johann Shtobvassera, Korobov kuveza kabusha ukukhiqizwa yayo. Manje lapha ayaqala ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo encane eyenziwe papier-Mache - isinemfu thimbles, amabhokisi, bisernitsy ukuthi ukuhlobisa yezicathulo, imidwebo kanye ukuvenisha.

Phakathi nale minyaka, umbuzo othi "yini miniature" waphendula: "Small, ukucinga indikimba yendaba exquisitely nokuziphatha." Umdwebo Fedoskino kakhulu baziswa kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule. Bona kuvezwa izigcawu wakhe kusukela ekuphileni kwezakhamuzi zakhona: elidonswa amahhashi, itiye, abantu nemikhosi, ukuphola. Iqembu abaculi abanamakhono futhi manje ngiqaphile emasikweni Fedoskino imidwebo isitayela, futhi uyaqhubeka ukwakha ezincanyana abathandi okuthokozisa ujabula yobuciko esihle.

Imifanekiso e amabhodlela amancane

Ngakho, incazelo yegama elithi miniature namuhla - kungcono omuhle wobuciko kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, lapho umusa, ukubulawa ngokucophelela kanye nosayizi esincane kakhulu.

Okuthakazelisayo kulokhu umsebenzi Japanese umculi-umqophi Akinobu Izumi, ngubani emangala izwe nge esingenakuqhathaniswa ithalente miniature ukubaza yabo amabhodlela amancane.

Ngo Isigaxa nge ukuphakama esicacile 22 mm no-12 mm Akinobu ububanzi uphatha ukuletha izwe lonke! ibhayisikili Tiny amathambo we Tyrannosaurus Rex, izibalo encane abathandi futhi Viking umkhumbi, ebhentshini, okuyinto ezincane kuno ikhanda umdlalo, ibekwe endaweni esitsheni Akumangalisi encane esobala, abakwazi ukushiya umuntu isibukeli ngabandayo.

Incwadi-emincanyana

Ngisho izincwadi ezingaphezu yesiteleka ezincane ezenziwe izingcweti ngempela. Funda okuthile kuwo kungenzeka kuphela uma usebenzisa ingilazi eqinile kakhulu. Ezinye izincwadi bakwamukele Ngamafuphi, kuyilapho abanye zigcinwa ebhokisini izindandatho.

Empeleni, yini lapho simangale lapho wonke umuntu kusuka ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni tale izimpawu Lefty zigcwele savvy! Yebo, inkosi Russian - wabobonke abathengisa!

emincanyana etemibhalo

Kancane kancane igama elithi "Okuncane kakhulu" lwangena kwezinye emkhakheni wezobuciko, isibonelo, umculo nezincwadi. Ngu nenqubo efanayo - Ukubhala ngezinhlamvu ezincane, ubuhle kanye nokunemba ukusebenza - izingcezu eziningi nabizelwa thumbnail.

tindzaba letimfisha, ivolumu laconic, kodwa okuqukethwe capacious kakhulu, okuthiwa emincanyana etemibhalo. Ngokuvamile ku emincanyana cishe akukho senzo, kukhona kuphela indaba emfushane, isithombe. Kodwa, usebenzisa amandla izithombe, ukuqhathanisa, tiphawulo, umlobi kudala amagama ambalwa isiphetho womuntu wonke.

"Wayehlezi wedwa ebhentshini, nemifula abandayo lemvula egijima ezihlathini zakhe. Lapho, endlini, kwakukhona umculo, kumnandi, abasha, egcwele, unobungqabavu nempilo yabantu. Omunye wabo kwakungu-indodana yakhe ...

Abantu endlini bacula wasina okuphambili, bephuza iwayini, wadla inkukhu ashisayo elimnandi. Wahlala wedwa ebhentshini - ayengekho endaweni embuthanweni wabo. trickles Cold lemvula egijima ezihlathini zakhe, futhi kuvunguza umoya omubi yashaya endleleni engenabantu leaf omile ... Kungokufanayo engenabantu abasizi ngalutho namanje ... "

Tales Miniature

A indawo ekhethekile izincwadi zamaqhawe hlala nomqulu omncane, bebizwa futhi emincanyana. Ngokuvamile kuba siyaphupha omncane kunabo bonke, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuzwa nokuqonda umsebenzi omkhulu. Lezi zihlanganisa yakudala Folk yezinganekwane, njengokuthi "Speckled Hen", "itheniphu", "Gingerbread Man", "Terem ekamelweni sika", "I Snow Maiden", "izilwane Winter igumbi", "Masha kanye Bear", "The Three Bears" nabanye. Bakha yesikhwama yegolide izincwadi izingane ezincane kakhulu. Izincwadi izingane ngokuvamile usayizi encane, eqinisekisa ukuthi bakuyiphi nge emincanyana - ezifana izincwadi ezincane, umntwana, kangaki bebizwa.