Iklabishi "isipho": ukubuyekezwa, izincazelo, izici, izithombe

Iklabishi ukutshalwa abantu babandakanywe ku-Stone Age, okuyinto kuqinisekiswa kumbiwa endaweni yawo yokupaka. ukuthandwa Mikhulu kwenhlonipho emhlabeni wonke le yemifino Kwaqala eGrisi lasendulo owavela Iberia lasendulo, futhi kamuva eRoma.

Mayelana iklabishi izimbongi lasendulo wabhala izinkondlo, kanye netifundziswa azibhala ezizinikele ukuphulukisa alo izakhiwo. Lwemilando Kievan Rus iklabishi is okukhulunywa ngaye emibhalweni yase-ngekhulu le-11, lapho Kunconywa ukuba sikhule futhi adle.

Kuze kube manje, iklabishi ithandwa kakhulu inani kwezitshalo nemifino ukusetshenziswa emhlabeni.

iklabishi izinhlobo

Iklabishi kuhlukile impahla yayo:

• Early sesivuthiwe, yokuvuthwa okuyinto kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-30. It has amahlamvu eziningana "okubi" futhi agcinwe isikhathi eside kakhulu.
• Okulingene izinhlobo ekuseni abavuthiwe ezinsukwini 75, efanelekayo salads, agcinwe isikhathi eside.
• Mid-grade abavuthiwe ezinsukwini 85-130, efanelekayo salads pickling, ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha. Elondolozwe izinyanga 5. Ngokwesibonelo, iklabishi "kuyisipho", ukubuyekezwa lapho omuhle kakhulu, ikhiqiza ezithela eliphezulu, kunobuciko emnandi futhi omuhle kakhulu izinga umkhiqizo. Cottagers ikhule, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwakhe siqu, kodwa futhi ukudayiswa.
• Late-yokuvuthwa izinhlobo izinsuku 160-180 futhi Site isitoreji kokubili ifomu fresh and zicwiliswe.

ezihlukahlukene ngasinye kunezinzuzo zako kanye has iqoqo layo "ewusizo". Ngakho, ekuqaleni kuka eside efanelekayo salads nomlilo, nokuthunqa Mid-ezifana iklabishi "isipho" (izibuyekezo "iklabishi ochwepheshe" siliqinisekise), ukugcina kahle izinto e ushizi, futhi ifomu pickled.

Kuye ehlobo obuphelele ukhethe esihle grade iklabishi futhi sithokozise uqobo naseduze futhi amadombolo amakhekhe okumnandi.

Izinhlobonhlobo "kuyisipho"

Omunye izinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abashayeli bamaloli kuyinto iklabishi "isipho". Incazelo, ukubuyekezwa bathi uthando akulona ngaphandle kwesisekelo. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene has a isivuno high - abafika kwabangu-10 kg ngamunye 1 m ^2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iklabishi elakhelwe ukulingana ngqo ekhanyayo, ngakho njengoba ngokwanele ukumelana amathonya zangaphandle, ikakhulukazi lokushisa izinguquko.

Ukuze maphakathi-iklabishi kubalulekile ukudlulisa ezinhle ukushisa, ngoba lezi izinhlobo bawe ihlobo noma ekwindla sokuvuna, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngokwanele. iklabishi kuvuna une-Isisindo esivamile 3 kg, round obukhulu noma ukuma flat, kukhona zokuthutha kahle ibekezelelwe olude, okuyinto kuqinisekiswa izibuyekezo iklabishi "isipho". Ngenxa izinga ezinhle commercial futhi isivuno high Simila hhayi kuphela balimi amateur, kodwa futhi amabhizinisi ezolimo.

Esinye isici ewusizo, ikakhulukazi isitoreji kwesikhathi eside, le ukumelana ngokuhlaziya. Uma sicabanga ngakho konke okungenhla, Kale "isipho" (izibuyekezo olunembile) kuyinto isivakashi ethandwa ezindaweni nezasemalokishini emashalofini ezitolo zemifino. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene kuyinto umngenisi wezihambi owaziwa, bayathanda ukwenza neklabishi esihlwabusayo.

izithombo ezikhulayo

Ukuze iklabishi "isipho" (balimi Izibuyekezo sinconywa) wanika isivuno esihle, izithombo kufanele itshalwe ekhaya kakade ezinsukwini zokuqala April.

izithombo Ukuze uthole enempilo futhi ngamandla kudingeka ukulungiselela ingxube inhlabathi 20% humus, 75% Peat, 5% emfuleni isihlabathi. mass kahle okuxubile kuyadingeka ukuze ugcwalise isitsha zokutshala izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze aphuzise izidakamizwa antifungal.

Inhlabathi kumele nenze 1-1.5 cm ukujula imigodi at ibanga 3 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Amphonsa imbewu emhlabathini fafaza. Iziqukathi ne zokutshala zidinga eningi ukukhanya nokushisa, ngakho indawo engcono kubo kuyoba sill iwindi ohlangothini libalele.

Amazinga elikhulu for imbewu ukuvela +18 degrees, kodwa ngemva lizovela amahlumela, isitsha kufanele ashukumiseleke ukuba igumbi nge lokushisa akazidluli degrees 15. Uma ungaphenduki, amahlumela ngokushesha bakhuphuke futhi kuyoba ababuthakathaka.

Ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa, ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha ku 2-3 izingcezu ezigabeni ezihlukene noma izinkomishi, futhi njengoba zikhula mncane futhi ugcine eziqine. Lokhu kuzovimba sihlahla ngamapiki ngokweqile.

Ngo sezulu liguqubele amahlumela amasha adinga izibani ezengeziwe, okungaba usuku kunokukhanya okuvamile. Uma ukwazi ukubekezelela usuku izithombo on emphemeni noma egcekeni, kungcono ukukwenza, ngoba kuphela uthola namandla umehluko lokushisa.

Ngaphambi nje kokuba ama zitshala obala phansi amahlumela "Present" (balimi ayoliswe izilinganiso siliqinisekise) kumelwe ibhekane ukuqina, okungenza kube izithombo emoyeni ezingeni lokushisa 8 degrees, futhi ngezinye ikhava ebusuku ifilimu. Le nqubo uyokwenza isitshalo namandla futhi ukuvuna okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Kukhethwa indawo zokutshala

Mid-iklabishi etshalwe ekhanyayo ngasekupheleni May, kodwa kufanele iholele futhi ukukhetha endaweni efanele phambi kwalo.

Uma isimo sezulu sivuma, futhi ngo-Ephreli kusungulwa sezulu esifudumele ezinzile, imbewu kungaba kutshalwe ngqo enhlabathini ukukhiqiza. Okokuqala ukulungiselela nezikhonkwane futhi iteyipu imbewu ziphonswe izimbobo ezincane 2-3 izingcezu, futhi mncane out njengoba zikhula. Ngaphambi kwakukhona izithombo eqinile, izwe zokutshala kumele amboze ifilimu ngobusuku.

Uma iklabishi kuyinto "isipho" (sici, ukubuyekezwa ke athini ngalokho ngakwesokudla) izithombo etshalwe ekhanyayo, kufanele pre-ukulungiselela ukuba isayithi nomhlabathi.

Indawo kufanele ibe libalele, kude izihlahla, ezicijile futhi konke anganika umthunzi. Uma isayithi uzilungiselele nge iklabishi ukuwa, khona-ke kumelwe kube bambe up, okwenza i-4-5 kg umquba noma 2.5-3 kg humus.

Umquba zisetshenziswa ngezigaba ezimbili. Autumn busuka enhlabathini phosphorus-potassium Umanyolo, kanti spring batheleka imithombo nitrogen ngaphambi nje ukutshala izithombo.

Ukutshala iklabishi ku ekhanyayo

Ukutshala iklabishi kumele kwenziwe ngaphansi kohlelo: 40x60 cm - ibanga phakathi amahlumela, futhi 50-70 cm - phakathi emigqeni. Uma igciwane ngatshala, phansi kumele bazithela ngokucophelela futhi ohlangene emhlabeni umgodi. Kuhle isikhathi zokutshala - sezulu esinamafu noma ngemva nje imvula, kodwa kungenzeka ukuba sifeze zokukhwabanisa kanye kusihlwa, njalo embozwe ifilimu amahlumela.

Ukuze kungabi bikho ukulimala izithombo impande kumele zisuswe iziqukathi ngokucophelela, okungcono nge clod we umhlaba. Ukuze uqinise yomgogodla, kungashiwo bacwilisa ku ingxube phansi nge mullein ngqo ngaphambi kokutshala imithombo.

Efaka umquba kanye anakekele iklabishi

izimo Ezibalulekile Ezingafundwa isivuno high iklabishi "isipho" unisela futhi efaka umquba. Ehlobo owomile kufanele uyophuziswa izikhathi 1-2 ngesonto ukuze 1.5-2 amalitha amanzi emva Pick, futhi 3-4 amalitha ngesikhathi kumiswa ikhanda futhi ekukhuleni kwayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iklabishi kuyinto "Present" (izibuyekezo balimi njalo wakhumbuza ngakho) kudinga hilling njalo inhlabathi. Eyokuqala kufanele kwenziwe amasonto 2-3 emva ezikuhlabayo izithombo, kwakhiwa uma nge-avareji ka amahlamvu 8-10. hilling Landelayo kwenziwa kwamanye amasonto 2-3 emva lokuqala.

Yokudla - ingxenye ka isivuno eliphezulu yesibili. Kuyinto efiselekayo kwenziwe kanyekanye ne ngenkasa, kanye ngemuva kwezimvula isikhathi eside, okuyinto iphume le nezakhi emhlabathini.

Umanyolo Imodi has izigaba ezintathu:

• Wonke amaqembu aphezulu ohlwini lokuqala ngigqokela sha "isipho" kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kwamasonto 1.5-2 emva Pick i ekhanyayo. It kungenziwa buhlanjululwe ngamanzi noma umquba, urea (15 g ibhakede lamanzi ngalinye).
• Isinyathelo esilandelayo wenziwa umquba 3 amaviki emva kuqala futhi yakhiwa potassium sulfate, sulfate, ammonium, futhi superphosphate (30h25h25 g).
• Ingxenye yesithathu sigqoka top edingekayo uma iklabishi ehlwanyelwe enhlabathini isiyaphela. Ngo ngezithako zawo, ke kuyafana yesibili.

Feza izenzo lelula kanye iklabishi "isipho" (izibuyekezo, izithombe zalabo kutshalwa, kuqinisekiswa) uzophendula nge eKočani eqinile futhi onohlonze.

Izinambuzane nezifo

Izinambuzane eziyinhloko iklabishi iklabishi fly, aphid kanye Silakho. Kusukela fly iklabishi, ungagcina amahlumela amasha, esehlanganise nabo nge amanetha. Okwesabisa away the izimvemvane futhi kuvimbele ukuvela aphid, iklabishi kungenziwa itshalwe azungeze utamatisi noma ama-eggplant.

Futhi okuhle obulala izinambuzane sishaye amahlamvu iklabishi "isipho" garlic akhiphe (300 g ngalinye 10 amalitha amanzi) ne ukwengeza insipho yashizi (100 g). Kungcono ukuba bafeze sishaye akuyona kuphela iklabishi, kodwa futhi ku amasiko elingumakhelwane Silakho aliveli lapho.

Uma esiqintini a iklabishi amancane, kungenzeka ukuqoqa amacimbi ngesandla.

Isitoreji iklabishi "isipho"

Ibanga "isipho" phakathi balimi kubhekwe egcinwe kafushane, izinyanga 5 kuphela. Kodwa ngisho kule nkathi kumele agcinwe kahle.

Emva kokuvuna, onke amaqabunga engezansi amakhanda iklabishi kufanele kususwe kanye nezinhloko ngokwabo kahle umoya futhi eyomile. Isitolo iklabishi Kunconywa emashalofini noma ikesi ezingeni lokushisa Igumbi -1 ukuze ubeke +1 degree ne nomswakama ka-90%. Uma kungekho emashalofini, kodwa kuyelapha in limbo, ukuze ikhanda ungakwazi bopha line ukudoba noma Twine futhi uhlanganyele ngendlela yekutsi ningathinti nomunye.

izakhiwo ewusizo iklabishi

Iklabishi "isipho" has wokuqukethwe lelisetulu Vitamin C, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa ukwenziwa umntwana ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ligcwele nosawoti potassium, i-phosphorus, i-calcium, i-sulphur, i-cellulose, i-lactose, futhi ngamavithamini A, B1, B6, C, K, P ne vitamin U, okuyinto ine umphumela antiulcer.

Isici esibalulekile wukuthi iklabishi kugcina yonke impahla yayo nenzuzo ngisho nangemva isitoreji isikhathi eside nezinto zokuhamba.