Izithelo seeded futhi polyspermous. izithelo seeded yilokhu?

Iningi imisebenzi yabo kwezomnotho e uma umuntu ebhema ncamashi izithelo izitshalo. amapentshisi Juicy, strawberry elimnandi, utamatisi ezivuthiwe, ukwatapheya exotic - wonke umuntu angakhetha uju ukunambitha. Kodwa naphezu kokwehlukahlukana yesiteleka, zonke izithelo babe izici ezivamile kwesakhiwo. Ake sixoxe ngazo ngokuningiliziwe.

Siyini isithelo?

Izithelo - imbali ukushintshwa. Ubonakala emva inqubo impova kanye kokukhulelwa. Izithelo akhiwa kuphela ngenxa imbali imbali. Ngakho-ke, kungaba ozibongayo izimbali kuphela (angiosperms), abamele umbuso isitshalo. Ngiphakathi spore ephakeme noma gymnosperms musa eziqhakaza, futhi kungakho musa yakha izithelo.

Inganekwane ethile ithi indoda eyathola imbali Fern, wanika izakhiwo imilingo. Kodwa sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bathola ukuthi spore-izitshalo musa yakha imbali.

I kahle yesibili ukuthi Izigaxa - izithelo AmaConifers. Botany refutes lokhu nokucabanga. Gymnosperms AmaConifers musa eziqhakaza, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngeke yakha izithelo. Izigaxa ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi and kaphayini izihlahla - lena nje ukuguqulwa beqa. A amancane "amajikijolo" ososayensi zokhuni shayela shishkoyagody futhi ucabangele ukuguqulwa indlela yokuphunyuka.

isakhiwo

Ngokuvamile, iningi izithelo kuthatha pericarp ezizungezile imbewu. Igama lakhe yesibili - pericarp, okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka izindlela YesiGreki "emhlabeni umbungu." Isakhiwo zonke isitshalo inezingxenye ezintathu: elingaphandle, maphakathi kanye kwangaphakathi. Olwelwesini inikeza isivikelo umonakalo lokukhanda. Ngakho-ke, noma obunesikhumba, noma okuhlala kakhulu. Ukuze ukuheha izilwane, ngawo ukusatshalaliswa imbewu kwenzeka, lesi sendlalelo ngokuvamile egqamile. Isendlalelo phakathi supply amanzi nge izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ekwakhekeni ukuvikelwa kanye imbewu. Isendlalelo kwangaphakathi okwengeziwe ivikela imbewu. Ngokwesibonelo, nepulamuzi obunesikhumba olwelwesini naphakathi esinamanzi. A yasekhaya ithambo emelelwa. Ngo-apula isakhiwo kufana engxenyeni engaphandle, futhi ngaphakathi kukhona amakhamera filmy, lapho imbewu zitholakala.

kwakhiwa pericarp ngokuyinhloko ngenxa odongeni esibelethweni (cherry, iplamu). Ngezinye izikhathi emfundweni yakhe futhi iqhaza kwezinye izingxenye imbali: the ayesisebenzisa, kumila stamens, sepals, amacembe.

Ngaphakathi husk imbewu esakheka emva kokukhulelwa we ovule.

Pericarp ivikela imbewu kusuka kwezimo ezingezinhle, ngokuvikela ngokumelene mechanical umonakalo kanye lokushisa izinguquko. Kuyinto ngenxa izithelo izitshalo zom baye esesikhundleni evelele emhlabeni simila. Ngoba imbewu yabo ivikeleke kahle ngenxa yamakhaza, futhi iwumthombo ukudla ngesikhathi kumiswa igciwane. Lokhu kubanika inzuzo enkulu phezu spore futhi gymnosperms, ezinhlamvu kanye imbewu ezingenziwanga ivikelwe yini.

ngezigaba

Ukwahlukaniswa izithelo systematics abacwaningi abeka ngayo izibonakaliso eziningana. Ngokusho isakhiwo se-pericarp, zingabantu eyomile kanye namanzi.

Odrevesnevevshy noma obunesikhumba pericarp izithelo ezomile iqukethe esincane amanzi. Futhi lapha namanzi, kunalokho, kuba esinamanzi futhi iqukethe eziningi izakhi.

Ngokusho inani imbewu isehlane izithelo PIP futhi polyspermous. Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo silula. Ingabe seeded izithelo ngembewu eyodwa, ezifana iplamu noma cherry. Peas, ubhekilanga, ifomu poppy izithelo polyspermous. Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, ziqukethe ezinezinhlamvu eziningi.

Kusukela imbali nomunye pistil kwakhiwa izithelo eyodwa elula. Uma pistils eziningana imbali, yakheke kanye nenombolo ye ohambelana fruitlets encane. Bebonke bakha isakhiwo noma inhlangano, njenge okusajingijolo noma ijikijolo.

Olunye uhlobo kukhona ngeziqu. Yiziphi? Basuke ezakhiwe fusing ndawonye zezithelo ngabanye. Emvelweni, bona ingatholakala kamalibhele noma uphayinaphu.

izithelo PIP

Izithelo nge imbewu eyodwa kungaba kokubili amnandi futhi yomile. izithelo One-seeded ezomile kuthiwa esakazwa ngokwemvelo. Sinenkosi ukubaluleka okukhulu kwezomnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, ikhofi - isithelo isihlahla sekhofi - asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni isiphuzo elimnandi ashisayo. Izithelo-oak acorns abacebile isitashi. Asetshenziswa njengezitolo kokudla kwezilwane. izithelo seeded kuyinto alimondi - enongiwe nut izibambiso ukunambitha.

Juicy PIP izithelo kukhona intandokazi uswidi izilwane nabantu. Cherry, zamapetshisi, ibhilikotsi, iplamu - namanzi futhi bumnandi kwabo ajwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu.

izithelo ezomile-seeded Omunye

Ngo okusanhlamvu pericarp ngokuqinile tho ngembewu elingenamikhono. Ngakho-ke caryopsis ngokuvamile ngokuthi imbewu. Izibonelo izitshalo ezifana kukhona i-oats, i-rye, ukolweni, ummbila, feather.

Achene okusanhlamvu ihlukile kuleyo pericarp yayo akuyona tho ngembewu elingenamikhono. Lezi izithelo babe asters, Chrysanthemums futhi ubhekilanga.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi lapho isithelo kuyinto imbewu eyodwa, ungakwazi ukuthola kangcono isakhiwo sale lionfish. pericarp balo bukhula ku ikhaba njengomuntu iphiko futhi ihambisa imbewu umlotha, birch, Linden futhi Elm umoya.

izithelo seeded kuyinto nut. Yena odrevesnevevshy pericarp. Shono abanye abantu ukuqhathanisa kwakhe, ukushaya nut ezinzima ukwambula.

PIP izithelo namanzi

Nge isakhiwo izithelo namanzi kungatholakala isibonelo drupes, okuyinto yaqokomisa ngokucacile zonke izingqimba ezintathu. It has ekzokarpy obunesikhumba, mesocarp esinamanzi futhi endocarp bok, ukwakha amathambo. Juicy PIP izithelo drupes ngaphakathi ithambo aqukethe imbewu.

Naphezu isakhiwo ecacile yohlobo olufanayo, bayehluka ngezizathu ezithile. Kuyinto umbala yangaphandle dermal ungqimba usayizi fetus ezakheke ngayo. I eyigugu izinga yokudla okunempilo ngenxa yokubakhona okungukuthi esinamanzi naphakathi ungqimba.

Bone evikela imbewu, obizwa nangokuthi vnutriplodnikom. Ngamunye wabo iphethini yaso ehlukile kwezinhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-cherry kanye ibhilikotsi imigodi ngokushelela, peach usike nge anemifantu ejulile, kuyilapho iplamu like anolaka.

Ingabe izithelo seeded futhi okusajingijolo kanye kamalibhele. Nakuba ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile Babukeka njengezihlahla a izithelo olulodwa, empeleni kuyinto drupes encane, oxhumene - seedheads.

Isakhiwo morphological ithambo isici inquma zezitshalo. drupe izithelo uhlobo kukhona wonke amalungu omndeni Rosaceae.

izithelo ezomisiwe polyspermous

PIP izithelo, izibonelo zazo kakade inikwe, ngokwemvelo mancane ezivamile ngaphezu kwezihlobo zabo polyspermous. Phela, uma imbewu izitshalo eziningi nethuba elingcono iqhume futhi ukusinda.

izithelo omile wakusho noma engadalulwanga. Iqembu sokuqala bhontshisi ukuthi unwetshiwe nhlangothi zombili, futhi imbewu ekulo exhunywe slats (peas, ubhontshisi, alfalfa, i-clover).

Pod ukuthi libukeka bhontshisi, ophakathi ukwahlukanisa umbungu lapho imbewu inamathelisiwe. Enye i-pod kuyinto silicle, okuyinto ihlukile kuphela ubukhulu. I pod izithelo kukhona iklabishi, lwesinaphi rapeseed, Mattioli futhi silicle - esikhwameni kamalusi, Thlaspi, klopovnik et al.

Ibhokisi kudalulwe ngetindlela letehlukene: kusukela poppy Corydalis - namazinyo phezulu, kusukela henbane futhi ukhova - usebenzisa ofeleba, ngokuhlaziya - the geranium futhi violets.

Ipheshana - ezomile multi-seeded izithelo iconsi ngakolunye uhlangothi. It kungabonakala kusukela larkspur futhi marigold.

Esimila ezithakazelisayo namantongomane. Izimbali nezithelo, it yakha ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa yalesi ubizwa ngokuthi amantongomane.

izithelo Juicy polyspermous

Izithelo yalolu hlobo nazo libhekene izakhiwo ezibalulekile futhi ukunambitheka kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho. Wonke umuntu uyazi currants okumnandi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, gooseberries. ungqimba yabo obunesikhumba yangaphandle efana drupes, kanti lawa amanye amabili - namanzi.

Zizathu berry kuyinto isithelo utamatisi - utamatisi wonke umuntu eyintandokazi - namazambane. Potato izithelo engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo ngisho ezinesihlungu ngoba ziqukethe solanine alkaloid. Le into uyakwazi ukubangela ubuthi umzimba sina.

Isithelo zemlyanichina ethulwa ayesisebenzisa yene, lapho uginindela zithunyelwa nge nuts encane - imbewu strawberry noma sitrobheli.

Apple ukhula hhayi kuphela apula. Lolu hlobo isithelo obunesikhumba futhi esinamanzi yangaphandle ungqimba maphakathi. Futhi kwangaphakathi okufakiwe amakhamera filmy ukuthi thembeke ukuvikela imbewu. Lezi izithelo eliphakathi kwe, Quince, mountain ash.

Njengoba ubona, izithelo zahlukahlukene e netimphawu ahlukahlukene. Basuke isisetshenziselwa ukulima izitshalo, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokuvikelwa imbewu. Futhi ngenxa yokuba khona izakhi futhi ukunambitheka amnandi eyigugu umkhiqizo ukudla kwezilwane nabantu.