Izinto eziyingozi

Nsuku zonke, abantu bavezwa izinkulungwane amakhemikhali ezahlukene. Abaningi bakhathazeka ngempilo yabo bese uzama ukuthola impendulo yombuzo othi: yimaphi kuyingozi nokuthi umdlavuza noma ezinye izinkinga? Kodwa akufanele zokwelapha le nkinga kuphela ngenxa yomthelela kungenzeka ku imvelo ezimbonini enobungozi, njengoba kukhona izingozi ezihlobene nokungondleki kahle, self-medicate, nezinye izinto kokuziphatha. Ngokwesibonelo, usawoti ezidliwayo (Formula NaCl wakhe) isetshenziswa ukudla nsuku zonke. Kodwa yena, ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo ekhona, libhekisela isigaba III ingozi. A ethylene (ifomula ayo kumakhemikhali C2H4) sincane izidakamizwa eziyingozi kufakwe isigaba ingozi IV. Ngakho ngemva konke zifaka imiqondo ezifana izinto eziyingozi kanye ngezigaba zabo? Yini efakiwe imibhalo?

Izimpendulo zale mibuzo onikeza GOST 12.1.007-77 *. izinto ezilimazayo - kukhona zamakhemikhali okuyinto ngenxa yokwephula izimfuneko nokuvikeleka kungadala (by ukuxhumana umzimba womuntu), izinkinga zempilo, izifo emsebenzini noma ukulimala emsebenzini. Zonke lezi zinkinga zivame itholwe ngenkathi inqubo nemiphumela yabo noma eside nezikhathi wokuphila, futhi ngisho subsequent zukulwane. Futhi amasethi okujwayelekile (kuncike degree of nomthelela emzimbeni womuntu) ngoba kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene eziqukethwe izinto zokusetshenziswa, ushintsho, imikhiqizo kanye imfucuza, kuzo zonke amakilasi ezine ingozi. Ngakho, bonke izinto eziyingozi ngokuvamile ziyingozi kakhulu (ekilasini I), kakhulu yingozi (II grade), ngokulinganisela enobungozi (III ekilasini) noma ingozi ongaphakeme (ekilasini IV).

Ukushiyana kwezidalwa ikhiqizwa inqubo uqhathanisa amanani langempela namagugu normative izinkomba ezithile. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuchayeka umkhawulo (emoyeni kwendawo ukusebenza) lokuhlushwa izinto eziyingozi, anonya umthamo ezibulalayo uma engena esiswini, anonya umthamo ebulalayo for dermal, ngokwesilinganiso lokuhlushwa ebulalayo zokusebenza zone emoyeni, futhi Coefficient ubuthi okwabangelwa ephefumula esishintshashintshayo ka oyingozi futhi ezingalapheki izenzo. Ngakho, ingozi ekilasini izidakamizwa eziyingozi, ngokusho ukubaluleka okunemibandela ukuthi isetshenziselwa Ukwahlukaniswa kumakhemikhali angase abe yingozi.

ngu MPC emoyeni kwezakhiwo zezimboni kanye isigaba ingozi ahlelwe Isijobelelo 2 nesibalo GOST 12.1.005-88 izinto ezingaphezu kuka-1,300. Isamba nakakhulu ulwazi efanayo ingatholakala namazinga yokuhlanzeka GN 2.2.5.1313-03. Kuyasiza ukugqamisa ezinye zezinto, futhi kule uxhumano kuyafaneleka ukuba sikhumbule indima engakhi okungafanele ekudleni futhi izingozi zokubhema (kokubili asebenzayo futhi yekwentiwa ababhemayo). Ngoba kagwayi iqukethe izinto eziyingozi ezifana benzopyrene, i-carbon monoxide, i-nicotine, i-carbon black nabanye. Ukuze uqhathanise, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele MPC nezingozi kwamanye amakilasi of zamakhemikhali ukuthi ufake umzimba womuntu lapho sidla tidzakamiva ukudla noma ngenxa ukubhema:

• benzopyrene - 0,00015 mg / M3, ekilasini mina;
• nicotinamide (Vitamin PP) - 1 mg / M3, II ekilasini;
• carbon omnyama - 20 mg / di3, III ekilasini;
• i-carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) - 20 mg / di3, III ekilasini;
• i-sodium chloride (ithebula usawoti) - 5 mg / M3, III ekilasini;
• oxalic (ethanedioic) acid - 5 mg / M3, III ekilasini;
• Ethylene - 100 mg / M3, IV ekilasini.

Ngokusobala, Vitamin PP, usawoti kanye oxalic acid kukhona eziyingozi esengeziwe abantu kuka chemical umkhiqizo ethylene, okuyinto ikhiqizwa esikhulu esikalini yokukhiqiza futhi ukhonza njengesisebenzi impahla eluhlaza for polyethylene (ifilimu ezenziwe kwalo, emabhokisini kanye neminye imikhiqizo ewusizo). Kufanele kugxilwe ngezingozi:

1. Nge ukungondleki. Isibonelo engokomfanekiso - oxalic acid. MPC ngoba amadamu kuyinto 0.5 mg / dm3. Liqukethe eziningi e beetroot (0.61%), anyanisi oluhlaza (1.48%), i-parsley (1.70%), isipinashi (0.97%), rhubarb (0.75%). Ngakho, uma ku ekudleni zihlanganisa beetroot isigamu (impande isisindo 300 g), umzimba womuntu uthola mayelana 1 g oxalic acid. umthamo Lethal ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi, idatha, kubhekwa kokungenisa 5G.
2. Nge ukubhema. Njalo ngemuva kwemizuzu engama eziyisithupha yizifo ezihlobene ukubhema, izwe ngifele oyedwa - idatha UBANI. Ngesikhathi esifanayo waphawula kwaqobe mnyaka futhi ngokwempilo yangenyama. Ukuthi ngo-2020 kulindeleke ngenani elikhulu ngeke kabili futhi sifinyelele 10 million. Per ngonyaka.

Kusobala ukuthi izinto eziyingozi ufake umzimba, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle kwemvelo, njengoba icaciswe abezindaba eziningi, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabantu engenangqondo. Naphezu amathuba ukuthola ulwazi oluwusizo, abantu namanje ungadli, intuthu, baphuze utshwala noma izidakamizwa. uyaqonda izingozi ngokumisa kuphela ukudla okunempilo futhi ayeke imikhuba emibi, kunganciphisa kakhulu umthelela izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni.