Izinhlobo irayisi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo ukupheka

Saracen corn (omunye amagama emikhiqizo, okuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko) yiyona izitshalo endala ezitshalwa umuntu. Ezinye izinhlobo irayisi emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke Sekuyisikhathi eside kusetshenziswa ukulungiselela izitsha okumnandi (kanye kokuthoma, kwesibili ngisho wesithathu) e cuisine kazwelonke: plov, iphalishi, isobho, iziphuzo. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, uyisebenzisa ukupheka ukukhanya oludakayo eqinile. Cishe zonke izinhlobo irayisi babe izakhiwo eziningi kuyazuzisa umzimba womuntu, evumela abantu ukuba bathathe ngokuphephile ukuze zithole ukudla. Futhi ezihlukahlukene izitsha ezifaka lo mkhiqizo in the emakhishini zabantu emhlabeni - sebekubeke uyakufakazela lokhu futhi kuyalifakazela iqinisweli.

ngezigaba

Yiziphi izinhlobo irayisi kabanzi kunazo? Ake sibheke sciences ngqo, okuyinto usitshele ukuthi zalesi wokudla etholakala ngazo zonke ngesikhathi sakhe Kweminyaka ukutshalwa amakhulu. A ngokwesayensi Botany 20 izinhlobo irayisi ethulwa amagama, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 izinhlobo kanye kancane ngaphansi kuka 8 tysyach cultivars yayo agronomic. Kwakungenzeka kanjani ukuba uhlukanise yonke sibalo ukuqonda ukumelwa Ngokubona ukwahlukahlukana?

Indlela ukuhlukanisa

UMdwebo wesiko ahlukanisa imibala, ngokuvumelana ubude okusanhlamvu, indlela ukucubungula, ngalo usebhekene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezihlukahlukene efanayo irayisi angase abe mayelana nesigameko ezahlukene bathanda, imibala, flavour, izakhiwo yokudla okunempilo. Futhi imibala elayisi ibhalwa shades omhlophe hhayi kuphela. Libuye obomvu, onsomi, omnyama, irayisi ophuzi.

Kanye ubude okusanhlamvu

Zingaki izinhlobo irayisi, kukhona, ngokuvumelana kusigaba obuphelele okusanhlamvu? Ngu usayizi uhlamvu irayisi, ezakheke kanye nobude imbiza okumnandi zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu. Round (owaziwa nangokuthi Round noma korotkozernym) srednezerny nokubhekakade okusanhlamvu irayisi. Izinhlobo kanye izakhiwo kwayo kuyizindlela lapha nazo ziyehluka. Cabanga oda.

okusanhlamvu eside

Lolu hlobo lwe-irayisi kuyinto ajwayelekile kubo bonke, cishe kusukela ebuntwaneni. Izikhwebu yayo mncane, side, ngezinye izikhathi sifinyelela phezulu noma ingaba isentimitha nje ubude. Ngu umbala siyakucela esetshenziswa wababona esobala, onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe olumhlophe. Lapho kuphekwe (ngokuvamile kuphekwe), bamunca inani lemali elincane amanzi, okuholela engakutholanga ukuvimba ukupheka, ukuthi atholakala e-okukhipha crumbly. Uma sikhuluma izinhlobo irayisi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo ukupheka, lokhu omele ekhishini empeleni esetshenziswa kakhulu ngenkuthalo. utshani Long uzithathe ukuze salads, amasobho kanye isitshulu, appetizers ahlukahlukene, side izitsha ukuze inyama izitsha. Kuyinto ethandwa cishe emhlabeni wonke: eMpumalanga, e-Europe, e-America, e-Australia. Sici Its main esiwuphawu - nobulukhuni futhi friability. Kuthathwa eliphezulu kakhulu Culinary futhi ewusizo lwezinhlobo eziningi ukupheka.

okusanhlamvu esijwayelekile

Oyindilinga okusanhlamvu ubude 6 kwangu. Mancane okusobala. Ngo srednezernom anda isitashi kokuqukethwe. Ngakho-ke, okusanhlamvu ubamba amanzi ngaphezulu ngesikhathi ukupheka, kanye okukhipha - okunamathelayo kodwa hhayi kakhulu ethe njo. Ngo umbala, ngokuvamile omhlophe noma ensundu. Srednezernye irayisi izinhlobo ezinkulu isobho iphalishi. Lezi izinhlobo kanye nezinhlobo irayisi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo ukupheka: Paella (Bahia ezihlukahlukene), ukulungiswa risotto Italian (Arborio noma Carnaroli ezihlukahlukene). Abanolwazi labapheki European batusa kubo kancane ehlaza, ukuze uthole Chile crumbly kakhudlwana futhi okumnandi futhi ukuma enhle. Lezi izinhlobo irayisi otshalwa e-Americas ne-Asia, eYurophu nase-Australia - yonke indawo.

round okusanhlamvu

okusanhlamvu cishe round ukuma. Ngobukhulu zingabantu esingaphansi kunemifuziselo yako: Hlanganisa kufika ku 5 mm ubude. Cishe opaque, umbala olumhlophe. Round ethe njo kahle (lapho okuqukethwe eliphezulu kakhulu izinto okunesitashi), ngakho lezi izinhlobo kanye nezinhlobo sushi irayisi - inketho ekahle. Ngesizathu esifanayo, Round ukuncoma kunikela ngebantfwana. Lesi sibalo awunankinga yokwenze ukulungiswa irayisi iphalishi. Ngisho nasezikhathini wase-USSR (futhi manje emazweni amaningi CIS) e preschools ke njalo kufakwe imenyu. Uma eside ukupheka round okusanhlamvu irayisi bumunca lemali ketshezi abilisiwe esithambile futhi iba okusikhumbuza ukhilimu. ENgilandi, kusukela irayisi enjalo okuphekiwe zonke izinhlobo kophudingi Uphudingi. Round efana ezihlukahlukene eJapane. Kukhona ngokwesiko round izinhlobo esetshenziselwa ukwenza ngenxa - irayisi isiphuzo oludakayo.

Izinhlobo ukucutshungulwa irayisi

Kodwa indlela kucutshungulwa irayisi kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi unpolished (obizwa nangokuthi brown), iphucuziwe (omhlophe) kanye steamed (ngale). Lezi zinhlobo irayisi kanye nokusetshenziswa zabo zihlukene. Sitshele kafushane mayelana ngamunye wabo.

unpolished

Lokhu lonke okusanhlamvu irayisi. It iphathwa ubuncane ngempela. Nakuba nokugcina igobolondo bran, okuyinto ugaye nangezinye izikhathi. It has a brown Isikali sombala kanye shades akhanya ukunambitheka Nutty (ngenxa igobolondo kwesobunxele), ukunambitheka evelele kanye ukujula ukunambitheka. Ngenxa yalokho, ukucutshungulwa ubuncane egcinwe eziningi izakhi: amavithamini, amaminerali, fibre eziqukethwe igobolondo amabele. Ngokwesiko, ngakho-ke, irayisi elinsundu kubhekwa ewusizo kakhulu ukudliwa abantu. Kusukela ayelapha: ikhono ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba, ngokunenzuzo kuthinte umsebenzi zobuchopho, ngcono ukugaya. I ukupheka kuthatha isikhathi kakhulu: ngokuvamile ukwenziwa ukuze imizuzu engamashumi amane, kodwa konke lokhu akusho liphuke futhi igcina friability. ethile yayo kuphela - ongaphakeme eshalofini yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, okuphekiwe irayisi elinsundu is Kunconywa ukuba ngokushesha ukusebenzisa ukudla. Futhi ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusuka izitsha efanayo njengoba white.

ophucuziwe

Noma zonke irayisi evamile emhlophe. Lona okusanhlamvu ezivamile emhlabeni. It is etholwe ukugaya okusanhlamvu kuyo, kona isuswe lapho igobolondo yabo - bran. Izinhlamvu babe rovnenkie, Gorny, umbala omhlophe, kancane esobala. Kwangathi ngenhlanhla babe yanoma iluphi: round, eside (bheka ngezigaba kwangaphambilini) kube cultivars ahlukahlukene agronomic. Ngakho-ke, indlela nelayisi elimhlophe (njengoba ngempela futhi brown), - processing indlela. Ngu Isifaniso nge sprats, isibonelo, engewona nokho uhlobo izinhlanzi, kodwa kuphela indlela okwenza ngayo ukulungiselela. Grain irayisi elimhlophe okuphekiwe imizuzu eyishumi noma eyishumi nanhlanu nje okungenani. Zinikeza eziningi izinto okunesitashi (amaphesenti angu-70 kuqhubeka icala), kodwa, ngokuvumelana, akwanele amavithamini nenzuzo namaminerali nge namaminerali ziyasuswa ne bran lapho ukucubungula ezijulile zokusanhlamvu. Yiqiniso, lapho uhlala eziningi okukhona, kodwa, empeleni irayisi elimhlophe - umkhiqizo elicwengisiswe (efana, isibonelo, ushukela elicwengisiswe). Nakuba lena umkhiqizo esetshenziswa kakhulu emakhishini ethu. It has a eside ekuphileni eshalofini futhi edonsela "ethandwa" intengo, ngakho, cishe, futhi unqobile ithandwa kangaka phakathi kwabantu. Wenziwe nelayisi elimhlophe futhi balungiselela ezihlukahlukene okukhulu izitsha, evamile ekuphekeni yasekhaya, kusukela okusanhlamvu ukuze pilaf amnandi nge izithelo ezomisiwe.

steamed

Ngakho ngokuthi irayisi, zinyanga okusingathwa futhi atholwe umbala legolide ayevumela. Ekuqaleni kuka-okusanhlamvu ukugeza ke vysachivayut emanzini ashisayo, ngemva ngaphansi ukuwapheka ngesitimu kunokuwabilisa ukwelashwa. Futhi kuphela ke omile, ngaphansi ukugaya bleach. Steam ukwelashwa njengoba athwala izakhi kokusanhlamvu. It kuvela ukuthi irayisi parboiled iba izimfanelo zabo zikusize ensundu, okuluhlaza. irayisi Ama-, ngokuvamile has umbala amber. Kodwa ngemva ukupheka, lo mphumela ubalekela kanye nelayisi iba ukubukeka ajwayelekile white. Eliphekiwe ke isikhathi eside kunaleso irayisi elimhlophe - imizuzu mayelana 20-25. Izinhlamvu musa banamathelane, esihlwabusayo crumbly. Njengamanje, abapheki lolu hlobo is kuyanda njengoba azigcina uqobo, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ezimhlophe, eziningi izinto eziwusizo.

irayisi zasendle

Izinhlobo irayisi zasendle (noma kunalokho, zenyathi yayo) owaziwayo isibalo ezine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bobathathu - babevela eNyakatho neMelika, kuyilapho sesine - ongowokuzalwa China. Sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa njengoba ukudla amaNdiya, futhi China lasendulo, liphinde esakazwa, kodwa kamuva lwaludlula yi irayisi evamile. Manje irayisi zasendle (4 zinhlobo) kutshalwa kuphela enyakatho Melika neChina, futhi ngokunjalo ezishibhile. It has a iphunga ukukhanya Nutty, ukunambitheka kancane elimnandi. ewusizo kakhulu: abacebile amaminerali, amaphroteni namavithamini. Izinhlamvu - shades brown noma black, acwebezelayo futhi abushelelezi. Ukwenziwa isikhathi eside: kufika imizuzu engamashumi amane. Ngokuvamile, isetshenziswa ngokuxuba nezinye izinhlobo irayisi. Ngokuya value (i- irayisi) zilwane / ikhalori, kuba aphansi phakathi kwabo bonke abanye. It kubhekwa umkhiqizo ngokwemvelo olinganiselayo, ngakho Kunconywa ukuba isetshenziswe izazi futhi khulumela umsoco ofanele.

izinhlobo ezaziwa

Njengoba sekushiwo, izinhlobonhlobo zokusanhlamvu - omningi. Kodwa ngokwesiko wabayishumi elite: Basmati, Camolino, jasmine, Arborio, zasendle.

Basmati noma "Thai" - eside okusanhlamvu irayisi, obonwa yinkosi ngamazwe elayisi izinhlobo. Anakho okusanhlamvu ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Abakwazi ukufinyelela ngesikhatsi ukupheka 2 ngamasentimitha. It is kutshalwa e nasePakistan eminyakeni yamuva - e-United States.

Jasmine - omhlophe eside okusanhlamvu irayisi. E crumbly elithambile, nge ubisi ukunambitheka omuhle. Etshalwayo emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Lukhulu ukupheka cuisine yasempumalanga.

E-Italy, Arborio Simila kusukela okungamazwe okulungiselelwe izitsha Italian neSpanishi. Kanti eJapane - a irayisi ekhethekile glutinous-sushi.

pilaf

Izinhlobo irayisi pilaf, angasetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni ukudla ethandwa kakhulu kule post kungaba ezahlukene. abapheki abanolwazi belulekwa ukuba uthathe lowo okungenani slipnetsya phakathi kwenqubo. Phela, ukuze pilaf ezinhle kudingeka izici ezifana friability. okusanhlamvu Ngakho ofanele futhi eside futhi ensundu parboiled. Kodwa Round futhi phansi srednezerny is hhayi Kunconywa ukuthatha: ingozi esikhundleni izitsha ezihlwabusayo ukuze uthole irayisi iphalishi nge inyama.