Izinhlobo inhlabathi

Uhlobo iyunithi eyinhloko ngezigaba inhlabathi. Kuncike ke is ngaphakathi accordance nga iphrofayli phansi. V. Dokuchaev ngo-1886, kuqala oluthathwa izinhlobo.

Nenhlabathi ukuthi iphakame ngokuhamba ukutshalwa ezindaweni ngaphambili engafanele ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, kukhona iqembu elikhethekile.

Ezinye izinhlobo zawo musa bakha emacembu (esishintshashintshayo) olutholakala ezindaweni ezithile ngaphakathi esishintshashintshayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho izici yamadwala, asenze impumuzo.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nenhlabathi babonwa zoned. Bona (kanye isitshalo nezinye izakhi landscape) ukwakha inkambu zemvelo.

izinhlobo inhlabathi

1. Marsh umhlaba. Lezi nenhlabathi akhiwa isikhathi eside noma ngokweqile umswakama njalo (waterlogging). Ngokuvamile, lakhicitwe ezindaweni ehlathini sezulu esipholile.
2. ihlathi Brown. Lezi zinhlobo nenhlabathi ngokuyinhloko ezitholakala emahlathini coniferous kanye lezihlahla ezindaweni kunomswakama ngokulinganisela efudumele.
3. semidesert Brown, ehlane asemaqeleni. Lezi zinhlobo nenhlabathi akhiwa endaweni nge ezomile ezonini athokomele, uhlobo ehlane-asemaqeleni isitshalo.
4. Intaba. Zimelela iqembu esenzelwa endaweni esezintabeni. Cishe zonke izinhlobo inhlabathi kufakwe kulesi sigaba zinezikhathi gravelly, amandla ongaphakeme nobukhona amaminerali eyinhloko.
5. Brown. Common e-semi ezingwadule futhi emaqeleni zone athokomele.
6. nenhlabathi Meadow akhiwa ngaphansi enkangala nezitshalo ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu umswakama noma ngaphezulu ezindaweni wadalula ukuchayeka okuqhubekayo komhlaba.
7. Saline. Common ezindaweni ezomile emakamu anda (ngaphezu kuka-0.25%) nosawoti amaminerali, kalula oncibilikayo emanzini - magnesium, i-calcium carbonates, sodium, sulfate, chloride.
8. nenhlabathi Podzolic kwakhiwa emahlathini okuxubile nehlathi, endaweni sezulu esipholile yezwekazi kanye nasemazweni. Basuke uhlangabezana umswakama ngokweqile futhi njalo wageza ngamanzi avuzayo.
9. nenhlabathi Gray zivamile enkolweni ezingwadule futhi semi ezingwadule kuzoni esihle.
10. Fusion nenhlabathi akhiwa nakwezifudumele, ashisayo, esishintshashintshayo enkabazwe. Ngo profile yayo tho umkhathizwe ukuthi ichichima elina uthola ductility okusezingeni eliphezulu, uhlala okuqinile futhi obukhulu ngefomu ezomile.
11. Tundra. Bakha inhlanganisela nenhlabathi eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, emathafeni yayo. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa emathafeni humus-carbonate, wapheka, nezinye inhlabathi podzolic.
12. mhlabathi omnyama. Lezi nenhlabathi zivamile enkolweni asemaqeleni kanye ihlathi asemaqeleni esishintshashintshayo zone athokomele.

Isikhombisi esibalulekile ngokuhlelwa ngezigaba inhlabathi ngezithako zawo.

Khanyisa - sandy - inhlabathi kuhlanganisa semali isihlabathi, okuyisibalo elincane humus, inani elincane izinhlayiya zobumba. inhlanganiso ephakeme nenhlabathi ihlukaniswa njengoba esindayo - ubumba nenhlabathi. Abanaso sidilike phakathi kwenqubo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yakha Clumps ezinkulu, okwenza kube yokumba nzima kakhulu.

Stony nenhlabathi zenzeka emithambekeni yezintaba noma amagquma nenzalo ezahlukene. Abaningi babo bazibheka ingxenye idwala izinsalela.

Ngesisekelo Peat nenhlabathi zimumethe ndaba ikakhulukazi eziphilayo. Bacebile nitrogen bese ongaphakeme potassium kanye nenani elincane kakhulu phosphorus. Nokho, lapho torfovivianitovye nenhlabathi, lapho, kunalokho, kukhona emakamu eliphezulu phosphorus.

nenhlabathi Sandy afakwa eziningi izakhiwo isihlabathi ephethe isilinganiso olinganiselayo yezingxenye, basonta zilwane Lesisemkhatsini. Lezi nenhlabathi ezibhekwa lalibe nesiqalo esihle kuzo zonke izici ukutshala izitshalo.