Nenhlabathi Boggy. Inhlabathi Geography Russia

Ngaphambi yokufunda nenhlabathi izimbuku, kunengqondo ukuba sikhumbule ukuthi lokhu 'inhlabathi' uwonke. Abaningi ngokushesha ethulwa ekilasini, uthisha yomlando yemvelo futhi amazwi akhe mayelana igobolondo kanzima Zomhlaba - we lithosphere. Isendlalelo engenhla has a izinga eyingqayizivele - okuzala. Lona umhlabathi. I evundile ungqimba kwamiswa phezu izigidi zeminyaka.

izici inhlabathi ukwakheka

Geography eRussia zwe elikhulu, njengoba izwe ngokwalo. rock Umzali, isimo sezulu, izimila, nesimo sendawo - zonke izici ukuthi nomthelela ekwakhekeni wangaphezulu. On the expanses Russian esisuka esuka ezintabeni eningizimu ukuze izilwandle enyakatho, lezi zici zihluke kakhulu. Ngokulandelana, futhi phansi akufani, unikeza abantu sokuvuna. On insimu ziningi sezulu esishintshashintshayo ngemadlana ehlukene imvula, ukukhanyisa kanye lokushisa izimo, yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. ERussia kuphela, ungajabulela kuthule ezimhlophe zeqhwa zesihlabathi, bheka emahlathini ehlathini kanye birch amahlathi, izimfunda ezinezimbali nasemaxhaphozini.

Kukhona namathafa ezenziwe umuntu - abantu ezingasho njalo ungenela nemvelo, obuhlukahlukene ukushuba kanye nekhwalithi inhlabathi (ngaso sonke isikhathi zibe ngcono). Futhi munye kuphela isentimitha umquba noma humus (esakhiwa "Abaphilayo kwezakhi") kwakhiwa eminyakeni 200-300! Kungakanani kufanele kuqashelwe emhlabathini, ukuze izizukulwane ezizayo kungukuthi wasala yedwa ezingwadule nasemaxhaphozini!

Izinhlobonhlobo nenhlabathi

Kube zone inhlabathi. kumiswa wabo ngokuqinile singaphansi komthetho ekushintsheni flora, nezilwane, nokunye. E. Ngezinye Ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, e-North ukusakaza nenhlabathi arctic. They are phofu. Kumiswa ngisho ababuthakathaka humus ungqimba eyiqhwa, lapho izitshalo abakhona kuphela wona kanye ulele, akunakwenzeka. Esikhathini indawo Arctic - emathafeni nenhlabathi. Kwakamuva bacebe kakhulu e-Arctic, kodwa okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa podzol ihlala ehlathini namahlathi okuxubile. Ngokunciphisa asidi yezimbiwa kanye izithasiselo organic abavumela ukuba kutshalwe izinhlobo eziningi izitshalo.

Kukhona ihlathi nenhlabathi, nenhlabathi abamnyama (esivundile kakhulu), ehlane. Bonke - isihloko cwaningo wesayensi ezifana sendawo nenhlabathi, njll Lezi izinhlelo neyolwazi ukunaka okukhulu ekutadisheni umhlaba unzoned, okubandakanya bog nenhlabathi .. Bona zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi indawo zezulu.

Kumiswa bog nenhlabathi

inhlabathi Geography Russian uqukethe ulwazi ngalokho izingqimba esixoxe emaxhaphozini futhi ixhaphozi amahlathi akhiwa amile umswakama imvula (kwezulu), amanzi angaphezulu (emachibini, emifuleni, nokunye. P.) Noma aquifers komhlaba (komhlaba imithombo). Ngamafuphi nje, i-marsh nenhlabathi akhiwa uhlaza amanzi-onothando. Bog kukhona ihlathi (pine, birch, kukhona sihluke kakhulu ozakwabo ihlathi, zingabantu ezincane, "kunemibhalo eyayihunyushwe kabi"), izihlahla (heather, rosemary), moss futhi utshani.

Ukwakheka marsh nenhlabathi neqhaza izinqubo ezimbili. Okokuqala, kungenxa Peat kumiswa isivuno izinsalela buthelela phezu njengoba bola ezimbi. Okwesibili - gleying lapho yensimbi oxide iguqulwe ibe oxide ngesikhathi kubhujiswa kwamakhemikhali namaminerali. Lokhu akuyona umsebenzi kulula zemvelo wabizwa ngokuthi "agugula inqubo."

Swamps zenzeka uma ...

Ngokuvamile nenhlabathi izimbuku akhiwa hydrogenic sushi ngokulandelana. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi endaweni izimbuku nge amile amanzi ayaphenduka emfuleni expanses. Ngokwesibonelo, inqubo enjalo ibilokhu onyakeni wokuqala senzeka emfuleni omkhulu i-Russian iVolga. Ngenxa iziteshi wendlale Hydropower kanye amadamu, ngulona logeleta kancane, stagnates. Sidinga esiphuthumayo wokutakula izinyathelo.

Ngakho, uma kwabanye isizathu noma neminye imifula isivinini kuyehla, ziba singcoliswe ezimathonsi. iziphethu Ngezansi ukuthi ukuwondla, silting. Kodwa nakuba isikhona "ukukhala imvelo", abantu abanandaba nabo. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ingozi enkulu ye turning blue imithambo eRussia emi bogs.

Izimpawu Peat nenhlabathi

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kwakheka Peat is of mass aminyene ngentshiseko ukubola izinsalela marsh izitshalo. Nakuba zikhona izindawo lapho inqubo ayenzeki. Phezulu ungqimba umhlaba, embozwe "Ostankova" imali - kuyinto Peat-bog nenhlabathi. kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanelekile ezolimo? Konke kuncike izici ezindawo.

Ngo upland Peat nenhlabathi ungqimba obukhulu udaba eziphilayo kungase kwakuthiwa ekucebiseni ungqimba engenhla inhlabathi. Kepha kabi ukubola. kumiswa okusebenzayo kwe humus basithiye asidi eliphezulu medium, bioactivity yayo ababuthakathaka, olubizwa nangokuthi "umoya emhlabathini." Phela, kusukela inqubo ukumuncwa libizwa phansi umoya-mpilo, isikhutha igesi, esikhiqiza eziphilayo e upland ekujuleni, futhi energy ezishisayo. Inhlabathi iphrofayela bogs enjalo lasekuqaleni. Kukhona khathizwe ezimbili: Peat kanye Peat-gley. Gley - Iphrofayela phansi, okuyinto ayoni ukunikeza umbala grey, blue noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Manpower nenhlabathi ezinjalo musa ihluke. Ukusebenzisa bangabakaNkulunkulu ukusetshenziswa kancane kwezolimo.

Izimpawu nenhlabathi bog-podzolic

Bog-podzolic nenhlabathi ungakheka, lapho amanga lo amaxhaphozi , amahlathi okuxubile nge ikhava moss notshani. Noma lapho kukhona izimfunda ezimanzi, imiswe phakathi ahlabayo kwendawo imbozwe izihlahla. Indlela ukuhlukanisa nenhlabathi bog-podzolic we podzolic? Kulula kabi.

Marsh podzols zikhona izimpawu ephikelelayo gley. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga ngifane ibuthuntu-ocher futhi izindawo oluhlaza-grey. Lapha futhi kukhona streaks, smear, engena zonke khathizwe sephrofayela. On ukuthuthukiswa kwamazwe bog-podzolic ehlaselwe zinhlobo ezimbili zenhlabathi: marsh futhi podzolic. Ngenxa yalokho, waphawula njengoba umkhathizwe Peat futhi gley futhi podzolic futhi izingqimba illuvial.

Izimpawu nenhlabathi bog-edlelweni

nenhlabathi Bog-edlelweni akhiwa lapho emathafeni futhi umfula masimu, embozwe nemihlanga odlula, abanciphisa. Ngakho kukhona ezengeziwe ebusweni moistening (amanzi okusezingeni eliphezulu izinsuku ezingu-30) futhi kanyekanye ashona ubumba unomphela esikhungweni cishe 1 kuya ku 5 m ukujula.

aeration zone engazinzile. Sikhuluma kumiswa ungqimba lomhlaba kahle phakathi kwamanzi emhlabathini kanye ebusweni etafuleni amanzi. Inhlabathi embuzweni, ehambisana hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa emathafeni flat futhi umfula masimu nge komhlaba eduze, kodwa nezalo ihlathi-asemaqeleni. Bazithoba ngokuzithandela yenziwe yaba yasendaweni sedge, izitshalo kusukela umndeni Juncaceae, imihlanga. khathizwe bofuzo komhlaba ukuhlukanisa ngokucacile kakhulu.

nenhlabathi Bog-edlelweni kukhona "bukhoma" i amanzi umbuso engazinzile. Uma nesomiso, amaxhaphozi izimila usuthathelwa edlelweni, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Isimo simi ngale ndlela: iphrofayli phansi eyodwa, futhi ukuphila okukuwo lihlukile. Ngo nenkathi eyomile, lapho umumo wamatshe amanzi, salinization izindawo. Uma uketshezi kancane aligugu amanengi, bese bog ezomile sludges kwakhiwa.

Krasnodar Territory nomhlabathi yayo

Nenhlabathi we Krasnodar Territory nhlobonhlobo. Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Slavic, Temryuk izindawo izimbuku ensundu, ibuthuntu ngenxa eziningana zemifula nasemathekwini. Bona Kuban izakhamizi sihlakulele izivini nemikhiwane. Labinsk futhi Assumption izindawo inhlabathi podzolic kanye nabantu abamnyama. Lezi amazwe uvundile impela. Ziyakwazi efanelekayo ngokukhiqiza isivuno ocebile imifino, ubhekilanga.

On Sea ugu lweNyakatho Krasnodar esifundeni entabeni-ihlathi nenhlabathi. Lapha kukhona amasimu ezithelo omangalisayo nezivini. On the Azov-Kurgan ethafeni inhlabathi emnyama yonke indawo. Hhayi lutho ngokuthi yisilulu sokusanhlamvu Russia Kuban. Inhlabathi yakhona ocebile humus ukuze bendawo ngokuvamile benza amahlaya: "Kukhona ezikhulayo ngisho induku washaya phansi."

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, amaNazi lisasilayisha mhlabathi omnyama kuleli railcars bese zithunyelwa eJalimane, azi lokho ukubaluleka kwemvelo. Nokho, akubona bonke izingqimba evundile ochithwa ukuphathwa kabi kwabantu. Kodwa ngisho khona inothile emazweni onekhono, omunye kumele lenze umsebenzi wezolimo ngokucophelela. Noma ngabe inhlabathi-round ukusetshenziswa noma engafanele ukutshalwa ixhaphozi, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi kokungenela oshesha umsebenzi obalulekile wokuhlaziya izimiso zemvelo kuyingozi ukuba zonke izinto eziphilayo.