Uyini Verticillium buna?

Njalo wensimu, wokutshala isiko elithile ngesakhiwo, unxanela ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo ukuze uthole siyothola isivuno sezenzo ukuthi ngabe nxephezela izindleko hhayi kuphela yemali, kodwa isikhathi futhi wachitha nokuzikhandla. Nokho, kunezimo lapho izitshalo enempilo zithonywa isifo ezihlukahlukene, njenge Verticillium ukubuna. Le nkinga kungenzeka uma ukutshala ama-strawberry, utamatisi, amazambane, ukhukhamba. Verticillium Sesithombe ingenye izifo nokucekela phansi kunazo ukuthi avame kuthinta izitshalo abamba ukushisa.

iyona ukutheleleka kanjani?

I-ejenti causative yalesi sifo kwemiphumela ethile eyisiSekelo ukhunta abangaphelele esemgwaqweni enhlabathini. Lokhu Amagciwane faka isitshalo ngokusebenzisa izimpande, okungase microtraumas. Futhi, ikhuthaza kwema- inani elikhulu impande izinwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhunta uhlala impande entanyeni noma izinqubo of stem kokuqhuba, lapho ukuzikhandla umthelela wabo omubi lonke isitshalo sisonke.

Izici ukunqotshwa utamatisi

Izimpawu zokuqala ezibonisa ukuthi iqala Verticillium buna utamatisi avele esikhathini asebenzayo izimbali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ziqala ukuvula amahlamvu phuzi aphansi, iningi lawo ezomile futhi ukuwa okuholela. Amahlamvu engenhla ahlale eluhlaza, kodwa osontekile ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ngo kusaqalwa ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo impande sifo kubukeka enempilo, kodwa umbono wokuqala kuyadukisa. Izimpande afele Yiqiniso lesi sifo, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuphelelweni ukubukeka isitshalo Amagciwane yesibili.

Uma sicabanga stem usike ngisho nqunu iso lakhe elikwazi ukubona indandatho semithambo umxhwele. Banezinhliziyo umbala onsundu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba Verticillium buna Utamatisi iqhubeka, necrosis semithambo budlulela ngale stem, lafinyelela ukuphakama 1 m. Kuyinto lesi sici ehlukanisa lesifo esithile efanayo impande bola.

Verticillium Sesithombe strawberry

Izimpawu zokuqala avele, ngokuvamile ekutshaleni ezintsha kwetinhlavu Intshebe. Uma lesi sifo sihlasela emasimini ubudala, avame inkinga iqala esikhathini lapho sekuyisikhathi ukuvuna.

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka, ngoba incike ukuthi uhlobo oluthile sitrobheli ekuthonyweni lwegciwane vertitsilleza noma cha. Nokho, kuyinto izingxenye esiqedayo zasemoyeni nezitshalo sifo kuyehluka kuneminye isikhunta efanayo ezithelela izimpande. Kodwa kungcono ngoba ithole ukuxilongwa okufanele, bese zokwelapha ubheke laboratory ezikhethekile.

amahlamvu sitrobheli elinegciwane babukeka wilted, zishwabene, zibancishe umswakama. umbala wabo kuyahlukahluka kanye emaphethelweni bese uba nsundu ngokubomvu-yellow noma amnyama. amahlamvu okusha kule isitshalo, nakuba kwakhiwa, kodwa izinto eziningi ezincane, futhi cishe ngokushesha curled kanye ngemithambo. Uma lesi sitshalo kakhulu abathintekayo, eyeka ezikhulayo, ku amadevu akhe kanye petioles kungenzeka streaks noma izindawo umbala onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe blue-black kwakhiwa. ukukhula kancane kuthinta izimpande strawberry, ngaphezu, bangase ujike abamnyama amathiphu.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu wilting nokufa zalesi sihlahla kukhona okukhulu, uma singafi nje ezinye izitshalo, umonakalo akuyona sisikhulu kakhulu futhi ukwelashwa okufanelekile kungasiza ukuqeda amagciwane.

Izindlela emzabalazweni

Uma ethola ukuthi unesifo "Verticillium uthanda," ukuphathwa kabi kuzokusiza kuphela uma kwaqala kusaqalwa yentuthuko isifo. Kodwa kungcono umane ukubhubhisa isitshalo itheleleke. Ukwenza inhlabathi decontamination njengoba kudingeka. Ukuze siqhube lokhu fumigation (fumigation, ukubhujiswa evala enobuthi noma umoya) kanye solarization (ukwelashwa biocide).

izindlela zokunqanda

Popular ezolimo ezingaba ukuvikela izitshalo kusuka lwegciwane ukuchayeka vertitsilleza:

• ukusetshenziswa izinhlobo kanye nzalo ukuthi amelana lokhu isikhunta uhlobo lwe;
• lapho esekhulile amasiko abamba ukushisa ngaphambi noma utshala izithombo ezintsha, substrate ubudala kumelwe inzalo noma steamed, hhayi kuphela ungqimba ebusweni;
• phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokulima lapho lesi sitshalo namanje abathintekayo vertitsillezom, kumele sisuswe kanye uhlelo impande, bese endaweni ufuna ukufaka esitsheni inhlabathi ukuze umhlaba omusha alikho ukuxhumana onegciwane.

Futhi elinye icebiso: endaweni evulekile phansi enhlabathini kudingeka kabusha, okuyinto ezizindeni ezihlukene ngezikhathi ukutshala izitshalo ezifana rye, vetch, lwesinaphi emhlophe. Sihlwanyela Kunconywa zabo cishe ekupheleni kwesizini, futhi ekwindla kahle alime engadini. I kwaphumela kwezitshalo izinsalela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bayobola, okuholela inhlabathi bayozibuthela eziphilayo saprotrophic okuyinto yena, zivimbela ukukhula eziphilayo pathogenic.