Iyini indawo Iceland? Area Iceland ayizinkulungwane sq. Km

Umlando wezwe ngalinye, ekhangayo futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. waba Area Iceland kwakhiwa ngoba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule iyizwe eliyisiqhingi. Amaqiniso lwesifundo yaleli zwe omningi. What do zemali okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma esiqhingini? It ehilelekile kumiswa amaViking State? Yini endaweni ihlanganisa Iceland? Ngalolu futhi eziningi nezinye - ngaphezulu.

kumiswa lizwe

Le ndawo abahlala esiqhingini Iceland namuhla ayizinkulungwane 103 125 amakhilomitha square. Kodwa kwenzekani ezweni emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule? Ngokokuqala ngqá ngo-Iceland ungathola ulwazi, ukujola AD IX leminyaka. Kodwa ngo-mlando nasemlandweni wanamuhla isimo umcimbi, okuyinto ophika theory eyisisekelo lasungulwa. Iqiniso lokuthi lesi siqhingi ziye zatholakala zemali yamaRoma okuyinto zasetshenziswa BC III ekhulwini. e.

Lo mcimbi zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi kamuva esiqhingini imali alethwe amaViking, kodwa manje alwaziwa. Mhlawumbe indawo Iceland ukuthi bahlola ngaphambi kwekhulu IX. Leli qiniso kuqinisekiswa amazwi isihloli ngesiGreki ubani BC IV leminyaka. e. Wachaza insimu efanayo.

onkulunkulu Usizo

Kukhona theory okusikisela ukuthi izindela Irish wathola esiqhingini Iceland. Le ndawo zensimu ababewadinga ukuze bathandaze konkulunkulu babo. + Okokuqala bathola Faroe Islands, ababesekuleli dengwane futhi asihlali muntu, futhi kamuva, mhlawumbe, ufinyelele "Ice Land".

Kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi igama Thule kwaba igama lokuqala yezwe yamanje. Kwakukhona izindela ekupheleni kwekhulu VIII, lapho Faroe Islands kwakwakhiwe nezihlobo zabo, lapho baqala ukuzalela izimvu futhi waqala ukuphila okumatasa.

amaqiniso

Kuyaziwa ukuthi Iceland esiqhingini endaweni uhlole kakade ekhulwini IX. Kusukela Norway efika lapha Naddodd nezinye amaViking. Babecabanga ukuthi bazokwazi ukwakha ukuphila khona, kodwa ukukhuphuka intaba, Asitholanga lutho ofanele. Lapho bahamba kulesi siqhingi, ke likhithika iqhwa futhi wanikeza ikusasa isimo Naddodd igama ukuzwakala "Snow Land".

Isivakashi olandelayo kwaba Gardar Svavarsson. Wanquma ukuthola indawo eduze esiqhingini Iceland, futhi ngokuvamile ukuhlola ndawo. Wabhukuda waphumela isikhathi eside ogwini, kodwa ebusika kwaba ithimba nzima ukuze siphile, futhi kwanqunywa ukuba siyeke ngalesiya enyakatho Gulf. Khona-ke bakha settlement ezincane, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku libizwa Husavik ( "eGulf of izindlu").

Okulandelayo Viking umnqobi, zithuthelekela Vilgerdarsson isinqumo kahle ukubhekana neqiniso lokuthi i-mhlaba, Iceland. Endaweni nsimu, bayishaya indiva edolobheni siyofuna Gardar. Endleleni, yena labantu bakhe bathole Fjord futhi wanquma usethe lapha. Hindsight odlale ihlaya nesihluku namadoda ayekanye naye, nazo zonke izinkomo phezu ebusika wafa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla. Zithuthelekela entwasahlobo ehlola Fjord, kodwa uthole ukuthi namanje embozwe iqhwa, wanika esiqhingini igama Iceland ( "Land of Ice").

Kakade ekupheleni kwekhulu IX ikoloni kulesi siqhingi. Abantu baye bahlela isimiso isimo, futhi 1000 kwakhiwa okholweni. UbuKristu baba inkolo engokomthetho wabo. Iceland abangu kakhulu abafundile, ngakho kuze kube phakade emlandweni zobuciko.

kwencika

Kuqondane ukuthi kuze kube ngo-1918 izwe wayemlwela uzibuse, futhi Iceland indawo square metres. km njengoba isimo ayihlonzekanga. Okokuqala, kwadingeka ukwabelana nge Norway ukulwa Denmark.

Ngokusho ingozi zomlando, lapho inyunyana Danish-Norwegian sahoxiswa, zonke kwakukhulunywa khona ngamasimu yanika eSweden. Kodwa mayelana Iceland "ukhohliwe", futhi saqhubeka sibuswa Danish. Long izakhamizi isikhathi awanelisekile ice Amazwe kabusha akhe abode ngaphansi kwegunya eminye imibuso. Bona methodically kwakheka iziphathimandla kudingekile, imfundo yabo futhi uhlelo umnotho.

ukukhululwa

State waphetha nimunye Denmark futhi baba ezimele 1 Disemba 1918. IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala akazange kuthinte isiqhingi, kodwa ulethwe lapha Umkhuhlane bhubhane. EMpini Yezwe II, Iceland wazama okuba ngingathathi hlangothi, kodwa British wasihlephula afakwe itheku Reykjavik. Ngo-1944, lesi siqhingi saba nombuso ozimele ngokugcwele, uMbuso ukushintshisana isimo republic.

Okufingqiwe

Ngakho, thina vele ukuthi endaweni Iceland kunokuthula kulesi siqhingi. Insimu isimo futhi bathumba abayizinkulungwane 103 sq. Km. Leli lizwe elise kuya entshonalanga kusukela enyakatho yeYurophu kuya enyakatho e-Atlantic Ocean. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphezu esiqhingini esikhulu nasemaceleni iyizwe elincane ambalwa okuqondene isimo.

Uma ungenalo acabangele ukuthi izinguzunga zeqhwa ukumboza ezingaphezu kuka 11,000 amakhilomitha square, indawo Iceland esigcawini. km kuyoba ayizinkulungwane 92. Phela, yonke indawo nje eyodwa kwezine sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso. Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi isiqhingi-mlilo, amasimu kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa.

Phakathi bani ukwehlukana ndawo?

Le ndawo Iceland sehlukaniswe Sisley nezifunda ezisemadolobheni. Sisley yena, yakhiwa emadolobheni kanye nomasipala. Omunye izifunda muzi Reykjavik. Itholakala esifundeni lokuqala ngegama ongaziwa Capital Region. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange-8 ezifundeni balesi siqhingi futhi, ngokulandelana, 8 zokuqondisa.

inhlokodolobha

Kuyaziwa ukuthi konke Iceland esiqhingini endaweni (sq. Km) kuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela kulesi siqhingi, kodwa yonke le nhlonhlo. Omunye wabo iyinhloko-dolobha ye isimo - Reykjavik. Kuthatha km² nhlonhlo seltjarnarnes 275 kuphela. Lapha siphile inani elingaphezu kwengxenye yabantu wezwe - izinkulungwane zabantu 202. Labo abasele abanga-119.000 ukuphila kwamanye amadolobha amakhulu: Kopavogur, Hafnarfjordur, e-Akureyri, Husavik nabanye.

Izivakashi esiqhingini kunzima kakhulu ukulala ehlobo, njengoba kukhona cishe awekho ebusuku. Ilanga liyashona phakathi kwamabili liqala ukuphakama kudala njengoba 2-3 amahora ebusuku. Kodwa ebusika ungabona "ukukhanya okumhlophe" kuyinto amahora 4 kuphela ngosuku.

lezimanga ezindawo

Ukubheka ezinye endaweni Iceland, wazi ukuthi lesi siqhingi igcina izimfihlo eziningi geography. Kukholakala ukuthi leli zwe Umhlahlandlela - ezweni abasha, eyabonakala ngenxa intabamlilo, esebenzayo ezinsukwini zokugcina eziyizigidi ezingu-60 edlule.

Labo abangakaze bezwe yezwe futhi wayengekho nesithakazelo kuye Emangazwe ukuthi lesi siqhingi cishe 30 mlilo. Futhi njengoba kokubili Iceland ababengaphansi kwemibuso yakwamanye amazwe abantu, 20 babo kakade i- umqondo womuntu. Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo wukuthi phakathi izinhlobo eziningi izintabamlilo cishe zonke ezitholakala kulesi siqhingi. Lapho uku-1780s ngasekupheleni kwakubikwa kuqhuma intaba-mlilo Laki, Iceland lava embozwe endaweni enkulu - ezingaphezu kuka-570 amakhilomitha square.

Enye ukubuyisa aphefumula umlilo giant kwabheduka njengoba Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kabili. Omunye mlilo undersea e-Iceland ngo-1963 wadala siqhingi - Syurtoye. Futhi komunye nomunye kwadingeka ukuba ugcine izakhamuzi edolobheni elincane ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1970.

kakhulu asebenzayo

Ubani obhekwa njengesikhonzi kakhulu asebenzayo intabamlilo Eyjafjallajökull. umsebenzi wayo waqala ngo-2010, March ebusuku. Khona-ke, abaningi kakade mayelana inhlekelele eseduze isuke, njengoba waphawula ekupheleni 2009 umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba. Sekusele inyanga ukuqhuma bakwazi ukubona ukuhamba ungqimba lomhlaba. Futhi ngasekuqaleni kuka-Mashi kungenzeka wasithatha ukuzamazama ezingaphezu kuka eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu ngosuku.

Izinguzunga Zeqhwa Zase-zaqala ukugcwala amanzi masinyane, ngakho kwakudingeka sehle siye endaweni entsha izakhamuzi nemizana eseduze. Isikhumulo sezindiza kwadingeka ukuba uvalwe ngesikhathi sokubhalisa intabamlilo. Ngosuku olwandulela kusebenze intaba-mlilo waqala ukuzamazama esabekayo komhlaba esondela ebusweni. Lokhu kuqhuma waqala ngo-March 20 kusihlwa. Khona-ke, engxenyeni ethile yase-yeqhwa achithekile. Ekuqaleni, efwini rose a ikhilomitha ukuphakama, kodwa esiningi umlotha babonakala.

Kamuva, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, amanzi engena emgodini, esiye saholela ukuqhuma nokukhuphula umusi kuqhuma umsebenzi. Ngosuku lokugcina enyangeni kwakunomuntu ikhefu, futhi ngaphambi kuka-April 5th intabamlilo wakhafula lava ku kokubili obuphelele kuqhuma 0.3 futhi 0.5 km.

Kakade phakathi no-April, futhi saba ukuwathutha izakhamuzi, kusukela kuqale kuqhuma yesibili. Khona-ke umlotha waphakamisa emoyeni 8 amakhilomitha, futhi ufa kwaba kakade 2 amakhilomitha ubude. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ikholomu umlotha rose eminye 5 km umfula, okwabangela ukuba hit Stratosphere.

Europe, futhi, waba yisisulu umsebenzi onjalo giant nomlilo-ukuphefumula. Ngo-April 15, izwe ezaqedwa ezingaphezu kuka 5 izinkulungwane izindiza. Denmark nase-UK kuvala zezindiza yabo. Ngaphezu ukulahlekelwa kwezimali, amakhanda abaningi isimo zehlulekile ukuya Poland ngezindleko zomngcwabo umongameli.

Ice njengekhadi lebhizinisi

Iceland bekungeke kube "ice ezweni", uma kungekhona Luhambo zako ezisemqoka - zeqhwa. Area Iceland ayizinkulungwane. Km2 sanikela 11% kulezi izinto ezakhiwe imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguzunga zeqhwa kakhulu kuthinta isimo sezulu, izimila nezilwane endaweni engenabantu kulesi siqhingi, futhi-ke, ku-landscape yayo.

Bangaphezu kuka-11 eziyinkulungwane amakhilomitha skwele lonke Iceland bawathatha la omkhulu "Cold Intaba." Cishe zonke omunye ethukusiwe ngaphansi kwentaba-mlilo, kanjalo engozini kuso sonke isibalo sabantu. Iqiniso lokuthi kwenzeka ngaphakathi izinqubo geothermal okuholela izikhukhula. Uma intabamlilo iqala ngenkuthalo bazikhulumele, kukhona kungenzeka yokuqhuma ngaphansi-ice amanzi, okuholela nokuqhuma eside.

Iningi zamaqhwa zitholakala ngaphakathi kulesi siqhingi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo ine indawo engaphezu kuka-8 sq. M. km. Vele kule ndawo futhi iphuzu esiphezulu lesi siqhingi -. 2109 m Zonke ezinye izinguzunga zeqhwa mancane kakhulu.

amanzi izikhala

Ngaphezu iqhwa, esiqhingini kukhona amanzi esimweni liquid. Kunemifula eziningi engimbumbile ngenxa imvula njalo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zinkulu ngokwanele, kungukuthi lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi umzila ezokuthutha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinguquko njalo kule isakhiwo zomhlaba kuholele ushintsho ukugeleza futhi ukuhlakazwa ukugeleza.

Kukhona ichibi elihle elikhulu. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke phakathi kwabo Þingvallavatn futhi Þórisvatn. Eyokuqala ine indawo 84 amakhilomitha square kanye iphuzu kwangempela 114 amamitha. Ngenxa yokuthi ke umzimba wemvelo yamanzi, echibini uqapha National Park. Kodwa Þórisvatn - agcina Iceland. endaweni yaso 88 amakhilomitha square. Leli chibi sidalwe edamini ukuze ugesi. By the way, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngokungafani nezinye iziqhingi amadamu Þórisvatn has umbala oluhlaza.

izitshalo

Nge izimila ezweni kubi kakhulu. Siyazi ukuthi indawo ye-Iceland, siyazi inombolo kwezinguzunga zeqhwa okwakungokokuqala ngqá esiqhingini. Of yonke indawo engxenyeni yesine siqhingi embozwe zasemazweni. Konke lokhu ehlangene phansi. Kuyinto amaminerali ngenxa izinguzunga zeqhwa uhlobo loess. Kodwa umlando kusikisela ukuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-1,000 edlule endaweni esiqhingini laligcwele two-thirds izitshalo.

Ngokuyinhloko imifino moss kuphela futhi utshani ezikhulayo lapha. Ngisho izitshalo bok ukuthi yayikade elalihlala 1% zensimu, manje cishe wanyamalala. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone birch engonxantathu ngenxa imimoya enyakatho. Emadolobheni lamakhulu, ingabe manje kwezihlahla, ikakhulukazi AmaConifers, kuthiwa eyayenziwe uhlomo izakhamizi.

Njengoba kakade, Iceland indawo ayizinkulungwane 103 sq. M. km. Cabanga wabo amaningi njengoba 10% - iyona Amasimu lava. 60% ithatha placer enamadwala, elivumela moss ukukhula ulele nje. Ngakho-ke, ngokuphathelene namahlathi birch notshani ezimfundeni ubeka cishe ayikho.

Izilwane zidla?

Konke sixhumene. Flora ngaphandle zezilwane nezilwane ngeke kube khona kungekho izitshalo. Ngenxa yezimila kwaphela iyahlupheka nezinhlobo yokwakheka jikelele silwane. Ngisho 1000 edlule, kwahlangana impungushe kuphela. Ekwenzeni ngekhulu 19 th lapha ngenkani baphinde reindeer. Futhi abantu abalungile nemiyalezo alethwe esiqhingini-uhlobo amagundane, namagundane, amagundane kanye mink.

Nge izinyoni kwabahambela kangcono. Ziyakwazi lapha mayelana 80 zilwane. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ajwayelekile kithi ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi, namahansi. By the way, isivakashi njalo kakhulu leli chibi trout emfuleni kodwa ungakwazi ukubamba salmon. Uma siya esogwini, ungathola ngisho ambalwa seal and whale zilwane. Kodwa ezindaweni yokudla uhlalwe mayelana 66 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ezinye zazo ziyizilimi amazwe ukuthekelisa obaluleke: i-halibut, ulwandle bass, cod nezimfanzi.

inhlanzi

Area Iceland nendawo ezizobekwa yayo ugu nje isuke ibangelwa umkhiqizo eziyinhloko ezithunyelwa kwamanye. Yiqiniso, ukudoba nokucubungula, hhayi kuphela wanika imali eyengeziwe ukuze labantu, kodwa futhi wenza lesi siqhingi omunye abathuthi ezinkulu. Siyabonga ukudoba 12% sabantu Iceland eqashwe kule mboni. Futhi mkhiqizo 70% umkhiqizo ukuthunyelwa.

Popular izinhlanzi kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya May kuyinto cod, i-herring ithumba ubuqhawe ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi iNorth Atlantic uhlushwa ukushoda lolu hlobo inhlanzi, baningi ababesafuna ukuyibuka ngenxa capelin futhi saithe.

Reykjavik liye laba yindawo lapho isungulwe ukucutshungulwa cod. Kodwa inhlanzi wahlanganyela Siglyufordyur. Lapha-ke kucutshungulwe ku namafutha kafishi futhi ukudla. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, Iceland babenezinkinga imikhomo sizibambe futhi wavuma ukuba lo umisa. Kodwa kamuva uhulumeni wavuma ngokulinganisela Whaling.

Yini ukuthenga futhi badayise?

Ukuze ingaziki, izwe ngalinye kufanele ukuthekelisa izimpahla kulo has ngokuchichimayo. Ngakho, u-70% omkhiqizo othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, njengoba sekushiwo, kuyinto inhlanzi. Ezinye izindaba zika-amaphesenti - kukhona imikhiqizo yezolimo kanye ezinye namaminerali. The main "amakhasimende" isimo kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha eJalimane naseNgilandi. Futhi ubheke Iceland Netherlands, USA, Spain nabanye.

Kodwa njengoba imikhiqizo amazwe esiqhingini alethwe imishini kanye nemikhiqizo, kweminye imikhiqizo ukudla, avame imifino nezithelo, kanye nendwangu. Kulesi isiqondiso, "izwe Iqhwa" iye ubambisana-United States kanye eJalimane.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Nakuba, lokho endaweni Iceland, izwe ngokuvamile uwumlando. Reykjavik - inhlokodolobha Northerly kakhulu emhlabeni. Wona Iceland - ke yisona siqhingi esikhulu kunazo, okuzelwe sibonga mlilo.

Ezweni kukhona Amaqhawe ezimbalwa, isibonelo, Hekla (intabamlilo) kanye Vatnaokul (Glacier) - lena amasayithi ezinkulu zemvelo e-Europe. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ihlanganisa impophoma Icelandic kokuba ukuphakama 40 metres uphinde uthele kancane ububanzi amamitha 100, liphakathi European "asibekela amanzi" enamandla kakhulu.

indaba abathandwayo, futhi amagama abantu base-Iceland. Ziyakwazi abakhileyo esiqhingini ungapheli. Ekuzalweni kwakhe, umntwana unikezwa igama, igama sengezwe chuck noma matronym. Uma igama sikababa Abuhlungu, indodana negama lakhe liyoba Grimsson (indodana yentandokazi Abuhlungu), njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni noMongameli we-Iceland Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson. Uma intombazane ezalwa, igama lakhe izwakale Grimdottir (indodakazi Grima).

Kodwa ezweni kukhona labo abase bethole igama bese 10% wabo. Ngokuvamile, labo lisuswe kusuka kwelinye izwe. Banikezwe umthetho, igama labo isuka abazali izingane. Phakathi laba bantu ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana futhi abase-Iceland, owathola igama ngezizathu zomthetho.

Ekhulwini elidlule, Iceland kuye yingxenye European Economic Area. Kodwa ngo-2015, le ndoda yenqaba ukuze ujoyine European Union.

Indawo yase-Iceland eYurophu inendawo engu-17 kuphela. Leli qiniso lashaya izwekazi lonke ngemuva kokuba i-Iceland ikwazi ukudlula kuma-quarterfinals e-Euro-2016 futhi, naphezu kwesiphuzu esinqunyiwe esivela emabuthaneni eFrance, ngokuziqhenya kwavikela ukuhlonishwa kwezwe lalo elincane nelincane.

Kokuvakasha kunothi

Indawo ye-Iceland kanye nendawo yayo yabangela ukungazinzeki esimweni sezulu kanye nemithetho ecacile kuhulumeni.

Uma unquma ukuhamba uhambo ukuze uhlole insimu, zilungiselele ukuthi kufanele ubhekane nesimo sezulu esishintshayo. Kwenzeka kanjalo ukuthi ngoMeyi iqhwa lingalokhu lihla, kanti inhlanzi ingahlala kuze kube nguDisemba. Uma izakhamuzi zezwe zivumelanise nesisekelo esinjalo, khona-ke izivakashi zingashintsha. Ngakho-ke, i-Iceland idinga ukulungiselela kahle.

Uma ungenayo isikhathi sokuhlela ukulala kwakho ebusuku, kunamasayithi amatende akhethekile ngokuzungezile ezweni lonke, lapho ukulala netende lakho kuzokukhokhela ama-dollar angu-2-3 ubusuku bonke. Uma ukhethe indawo engagunyaziwe noma wanquma ukufudumala ngomlilo, zilungiselele izinhlawulo ezinkulu.

Kungase kube nezinkinga ngotshwala. Ukucabanga kwabavakashi kuncike ezweni labo. Akubona bonke abathi baqaphelisisa ukuhlanzeka kwezitaladi, ngakho-ke abantu abavela ezindaweni ezinjalo bavame ukukhohlwa ukuthi bavakashela. I-Iceland ayiqapheli nje kuphela kulabo abalahla emigwaqweni, kodwa nalabo abaqhaqha imithi bese bephule amagatsha. Kuvinjelwe ukudoba, uma ngabe izwe lingakunikezi imvume yokwenza kanjalo.

Ukuhamba ngemoto kuzoholela enkingeni uma unquma ukuvala umgwaqo uye kwenye indawo, okuvinjelwe futhi esiqhingini.

Emazweni e-CIS ngokuvamile awekho izindiza eziqondile kuReykjavik. Ngakho-ke, cishe, kuzodingeka uhambe kuqala ezinhlokweni zaseDenmark, eSweden, eNorway noma eFinland, futhi kusukela lapho ngeke kube nzima ukuya e-Iceland. Izindleko zetikithi zingahlukahluka ngokuya kwesilinganiso sokushintshwa kwemali, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso kuba ngu-$ 1000 ngandlela-thile.