Ithiyori Basic kwezomnotho njengoba isisekelo ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo

Wonke amabhizinisi futhi zonke izenzo kufanele lusekelwe olwazini kwezomnotho. Kuphela ikhono ukuhlaziya umsebenzi inhlangano kwezomnotho e isimo esikhona emakethe evumela ekufezeni isebenza ngendlela efanele inzuzo yenhlangano. Yingakho yimuphi umphathi, imenenja, yebo, Economist kufanele ukwazi izinto eziyisisekelo ithiyori kwezomnotho. Phela, yilokho esitholakala zonke yesimanje ubudlelwane lezimpahla-imali, izimiso okusebenzela emakethe futhi imodeli yayo ukuthuthukiswa kusekelwe nezimfundiso zabantu elikhulu abaye bazibonakalisa ephepheni bese practice isidingo solwazi futhi ifa izisekelo bekuhlela ne ukuhlaziywa.

Kubaluleka ithiyori kwezomnotho kuhlanganisa lenqwaba nezindaba agcwele ukubukeka, ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano umcabango kwezomnotho kanye wonke umnotho sisonke ngelinye ihlo. Ukuqala inqubo ukuzalwa kwalo isayensi ukubeka zefilosofi zasendulo - Aristotle uXenophon. Kwakuwusuku okokuqala ziye wasebenzisa igama njengokuthi "ukonga". Leli gama linezincazelo izimpande isiGreki, ngesikhathi Ashoni isayensi izindlu.

Izimfundiso nokuzindla Xenophon iye uchazwe kabusha ngabantu ephakathi. Eyokuqala yalezi kwaba Montchretien, limelela esikoleni kuqala kwezomnotho - merkantelizma esikoleni. Phakathi kwababusi bale nhlangano ukuba abalandeli isayensi emnothweni ubonakale kahle ngemuva ithathwa njengendlela iqoqo imithetho ukuthi ubulokhu hhayi kuphela yasekhaya, kodwa futhi wonke umnotho nomphakathi wonkana.

Ligalelo izisekelo theory kwezomnotho babe Physiocrats (Quesnay futhi Turgot), ucabangela kwezolimo njengoba kuwumthombo wemali eziyisisekelo futhi obungenakuphikwa. School Classical wafunda wezomnotho kwezombangazwe ngesisekelo iqiniso lokuthi lokhu isayensi isekelwe izisekelo esabekwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukubaluleka zabasebenzi. Kulokhu, umthombo oyinhloko kwandzisa abasunguli balo (Smith Ricardo) kubonakala ekukhiqizeni ubudlelwane emakethe khulula.

Yiqiniso, indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni izisekelo theory kwezomnotho babe tinongo ukugeleza ezinjalo, njengoba kaMarx wezomnotho kwezombangazwe. abameleli wawo ovelele kakhulu futhi abasunguli - Marx no Engels - wagomela ngokuthi nokuqhakaza kwayo umphakathi - socialism, e renunciation egcwele ukuzishaya kosozimali futhi ibhodi uhulumeni, abakhethwe ngokukhululekile futhi abantu abanamakhono.

Igama elithi "umnotho" laqanjwa ummeleli esikoleni neoclassical Marshall. Nguye owaqala ukuba ahlole futhi ukufunda isimiso kumiswa amanani okuthengisa umkhiqizo kuhlanganise nezici ezithinta ke. Amalungu lo mbono bacubungula ukuxhumana ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo iyona njengoba ubuhlobo phakathi nomthengisi kanye umthengi, ukuziphatha kwabo kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo ezinomthelela abalithandayo.

Keynes (umsunguli esikoleni Keynesian) uchibiyela izimiso theory kwezomnotho, ngokusekelwe neoclassical, bekholelwa ukuthi lo mshini emakethe akukwazi self umqondo - ekukhuleni okunempilo kanye nokuthuthukiswa isidingo kokungenela uhulumeni ngesimo inqubomgomo yezezimali. Umlandeli lo mkhuba endaweni zezikhungo, abasungula le imfundiso yokuziphendukela umphakathi post-ezimbonini.

Singasho ngokuqiniseka bagomela ngokuthi isiphi isikole uyazicabangela emnothweni komunye okuyinto sikuvumela ukuba nginikeze ezenzweni zabo ngakho lapho izifiso uyiphupho, abakwazi khona ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kusukela nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile. Ayikho imfundiso ayikwazi ngokugcwele ezovumelana nezimo zamanje, ngakho ithiyori kwezomnotho zanamuhla iqoqo ukubukwa, kwahambisana ngu ezihlukahlukene amaqiniso, imibono kanye axioms.