Isimiso sezwe zedivayisi (uCopernicus, uLeonardo da Vinci)

Isintu siye safuna futhi aqhubeka ukufuna impendulo yombuzo umsuka kanye nezwe elalimzungezile.

Ukuqonda yonke lasendulo

Ezikhathini zasendulo, nolwazi ngempucuko zase ziyindlala futhi ezingabalulekile. Ukuqonda isimo emhlabeni babusekelwe umbono wokuthi zonke izinto zenziwa emandleni athile angaphezu kwemvelo noma abameleli balo. Zonke izinganekwane lasendulo uzalela isigxivizo yokungenela onkulunkulu ekuthuthukisweni kanye ukuphila impucuko. Ngenxa yokuswela ulwazi mayelana izinqubo indalo, abantu abalwa ekudalweni kwazo zonke izinto uNkulunkulu, isizathu Ephakeme, imimoya.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulwazi lomuntu lulinganiselwe "uphakamisa kwesihenqo" kufihlwe ukuqonda ubunjalo elisizungezile. Ngenxa ososayensi oluvelele nefilosofi bobudala obungefani, zonke emhlabeni kuvisisa likhanya nokuncane eyiphutha. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, inkolo braked nokucindezela ephikisayo. Noma yini awuhambisani ne ukuqonda 'ekudalweni kwemhlaba kanye yomuntu "bhubhisa, zefilosofi futhi zemvelo ngokwenyama iqedwe, isixwayiso kwabanye.

uhlelo Geocentric of amadivaysi emhlabeni

Ngokwe-Catholic Church, Earth laliyisikhungo emhlabeni. Lokho umbono phambili ngekhulu lesibili BC, u-Aristotle. Isakhiwo uhlelo zomhlaba ubizwa ngokuthi geocentric (kusuka lesiGreki Γῆ, Γαῖα - Earth). Ngokusho-Aristotle, umhlaba uyindilinga ngesikhathi nendawo emkhathini.

Kunenye buka, lapho Earth Isigaxa. Anaksimandr bazitshela ukuthi umhlaba has simise cylindrical nge ukuphakama ongaphakeme izikhathi ezingaphansi kwezintathu base ubukhulu. Anaximenes, Anaxagoras babekholelwa Umhlaba uyisicaba, sifana phezulu etafuleni. Ezikhathini zangaphambili kwakucatshangwa ukuthi iplanethi kuhlala zilwane ezinkulu wasenganekwaneni, wafana ufudu.

Pythagoras futhi ukuma eyindilinga Zomhlaba

Ezinsukwini Pythagoras kunqunywa inkolelo eziyisisekelo ukuthi lembulunga yethu namanje umzimba eyindilinga. Kodwa umphakathi, ingxenye enkulu akazange ayisekele lo mbono. Man bengaqondi ukuthi yini eyenza ukuthi ungaphandle ibhola futhi engenzi ehamba futhi akusho ewa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukacaci ukuthi Umhlaba siyagcinwa isikhala. It ubeka phambili inqwaba ezizathwini. Abanye babekholelwa ukuthi amaplanethi labetibambile umoya onomfutho, abanye babecabanga ukuthi lihlale phansi olwandle. Kwaba umbono ovamile wokuthi i-Earth, njengoba maphakathi nezwe, kuyinto umile futhi Akudingi ukwesekwa.

Renaissance ocebile ezenzakalweni

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, uhlelo oda emhlabeni ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, usebhekene wokubuyekeza ezinkulu. Inani elikhulu zefilosofi futhi ososayensi langaleso sikhathi wazama obala ukuze siphikise Imibono yabantu mayelana endaweni yabo yonke nesimo nxazonke. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona okufana izingqondo ezinkulu njengoba Giordano Bruno, uGalileo Galiley, Nikolay Kopernik, uLeonardo da Vinci.

indlela Heavy kanye olunameva yentuthuko wazibonakalisa neqiniso ukwamukelwa nomphakathi ukuthi kukhona uhlelo ezahlukene ukuze izwe. Ngekhulu le-16 kwaba ireferensi iphuzu kule mpi for umbono omusha imiqondo ezivelele kube nekucondza ngalokufanako Abantu bangaleso sikhathi. Inkathazo ukuze ushintsho kancane ekuqondeni umphakathi walala ukunqunywa inkolo nekucondza ngalokufanako ubunjalo nxazonke, wazala uhlamvu luyingxenye waphezulu futhi kwemvelo. ngokushesha kweNkantolo YaseRoma Yamacala Ezihlubuki eseyiqedile ephikisayo emphakathini.

UCopernicus - umsunguli inguquko yokuqala yesayensi

Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba Renaissance, wesithathu BC leminyaka, u-Aristarku bazitshela ukuthi kukhona ukuba uhlelo ezahlukene ukuze izwe. UCopernicus 'On the Revolutions the Sphere waseZulwini "ezincwadini zakhe wafakazela ukuthi ukuqonda oludala Umhlaba laliyisikhungo emhlabeni futhi ilanga lumayelana ke, ngokuyisisekelo okungalungile.

Incwadi yakhe, eyakhishwa ngo-1543, equkethwe ubufakazi heliocentrism (uhlelo heliocentric kusho ukuqonda ukuthi Earth wethu uzungeza ilanga, ebe) emhlabeni. Waba imfundiso yokuziphendukela ezinyakazayo amaplanethi emhlabeni Sun ekuqaleni isimiso Pythagorean umfaniswano motion isiyingi.

Nikolaya Kopernika ukusebenza isikhathi esithile waba zefilosofi iyatholakala futhi abayizazi zemvelo. ISonto LamaKatolika waqaphela ukuthi umsebenzi usosayensi sina kubukela negunya lalo kanye wavuma umsebenzi usosayensi zezihlubuki neqiniso ethuka. Ngo Ngo-1616 imisebenzi yakhe ziyathathwa bese ziyashiswa.

Wayeyisazi olukhulu isikhathi sakhe - uLeonardo da Vinci

Kuthethe iminyaka ematjhumi amane ngaphambi uCopernicus, enye ingqondo okhazimulayo Yempucuko - uLeonardo da Vinci ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula kweminye imisebenzi sketching, lapho kuboniswa ngokucacile ukuthi Umhlaba akuyona maphakathi nezwe. isimiso sezwe zedivayisi uLeonardo da Vinci sabonakala ezinye uhlaka imidwebo esekhona. Wathatha amanothi imidwebo edlelweni lapho kusobala ukuthi Earth, njengabanye Amaplanethi azungeza ilanga lethu namaplanethi alo uzungeza uzungeza ilanga. A brilliant sefilosofi, umculi, umsunguli kanye nososayensi ukuqonda okushiwo ngokujulile izinto, ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka.

ULeonardo da Vinci umsebenzi wakhe uye wenza ngokuqonda ukuthi kukhona uhlelo ezahlukene ukuze izwe. Ngekhulu le-16 kwaba nenkathi enzima ka-umzabalazo phakathi okukhulu ukuqonda ezingqondweni yonke nemibono obusuvele unayo emphakathini ngaleso sikhathi.

Umzabalazo phakathi kwamadivaysi amabili izinhlelo emhlabeni

isimiso sezwe zedivayisi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, kubhekwa ososayensi wesikhathi ngezindlela ezimbili. Phakathi nale nkathi, kwakheka udweshu phakathi ezimbili izinhlobo sempilo yalelozwe - a geocentric futhi heliocentric. Kwaba ngemva kweminyaka engu-ababalelwa ekhulwini, sekuwumkhuba ngokuwina isakhiwo heliocentric zomhlaba. UCopernicus kwaba umsunguli ukuqonda entsha kososayensi.

Umsebenzi wakhe "On the Revolutions the Sphere waseZulwini" waba uncalled iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu amahlanu. Umphakathi ngaleso sikhathi yayingazimisele ukwamukela indawo yabo "musha" yonke, maphakathi nezwe bokulahlekelwa izikhundla. Kwakungenxa nje ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, uhlelo heliocentric zedivayisi emhlabeni Bruno, esekelwe umsebenzi uCopernicus, waphinda yavusa izingqondo ezinkulu emphakathini.

Giordano Bruno kanye ukuqonda yonke kweqiniso

Giordano Bruno wagomela ngokumelene owandile isikhathi sakhe wesistimu Aristotelian-Ptolemaic oda zomhlaba, nimelana uhlelo Copernican. Yena wamthethelela, kwakheka iziphetho zefilosofi amaqiniso ambalwa yokuthi manje babhekwa njengabantu isayensi obungenakuphikwa. Sathi izinkanyezi - a ilanga kude futhi ukuthi yonke kusenenqwaba emizimbeni cosmic, efana ilanga lethu.

Ngo-1592 waboshwa e-Venice futhi idluliselwe kweNkantolo YaseRoma Yamacala Ezihlubuki. Ngemva kwalokho, ngemva iminyaka eyisikhombisa ejele iSonto LamaRoma yafuna Bruno alahle "infidels" izinkolelo. Ngemva kokwenqaba, kwashiswa esigxotsheni ngenxa yokuba imbuka. Giordano Bruno bavuna ngokubamba kwabo iqhaza emzabalazweni uhlelo heliocentric zomhlaba. Izizukulwane wakujabulela silethwe yisisulu usosayensi omkhulu, ngo-1889 kusayithi nokubulawa eRoma, lamiswao isikhumbuzo.

Ikusasa impucuko kunqunywa intelligence yayo

Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka zanqwabelana isipiliyoni lesintu kubonisa ukuthi ulwazi etholakala eduze ezingeni lamanje ukuqonda. Kodwa isiqinisekiso sokuthi ngeke kube evumelekile kusasa, alikho. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ukunwetshwa ukuqonda kwethu yonke angeyengwe ukucabanga ukuthi wonke ngokuhlukile kancane kunathi ngaphambili.

Enye inkinga ukhiye, edabula zeminyaka, kuyinto inqubo engeyona okwenziwe ngenhloso ulwazi (efana iSonto LamaRoma ngesikhathi) ukugcina isintu "ilungelo 'isiqondiso. Ake bathemba ukuthi rationality we ntu kweqiniso ukunqoba, futhi ngeke enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ulandele impucuko sisendleleni efanele.