Isiko ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, kanye nethonya layo phezu nakwezinye izizwe

Intuthuko isiko Ancient Greece ihlukaniswe: ukuze zakudala (ehlanganisa Mycenaean, uHomer nezikhathi zakudala esithathe ngezikhathi III yeminyaka VI ekhulwini BC), zakudala, bese inkathi Hellenic. umkhankaso Kugcine waqala Alexander of Macedon eMpumalanga baqhubeka kuze kube isikhathi lapho eRoma awuzange yanqoba iGibithe.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka Aegean kwakunjalo Greece ebugqilini wezinzalamizi, kamuva yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo wonke umphakathi esizayo. Ngalesi sikhathi waqala ukwakha izinqubomgomo - okubizwa ngokuthi idolobha-state, olawula amaqembu, ezikhethiwe kusuka izakhamuzi khulula. AmaGreki asendulo wadala isiko ngesisekelo sokuhlonipha, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kanzima, ingokomoya kanye nentando yeningi. abantu abanamakhono egijima esifundeni sezintaba idale empucukweni ephambili nge elichumayo, ezolimo kahle ukubeka kanye nemfuyo.

Isiko isikhathi Homeric kwesokunxele ezimbalwa izikhumbuzo bokwakha, futhi lesi sikhathi, isintu uyazi ikakhulu kusukela izinkondlo Homeric. Yakhe "Odyssey" futhi "Iliad" babe imithombo eyinhloko ubufakazi ngalezo zikhathi.

Ngalesi sikhathi, amasiko lasendulo yaseGrisi yaqala ukuba nesimo zobumba ngesineke. isitsha sezimbali Grave, iziqukathi ukusetshenziswa ekhaya, distantly zifane wabuka zomzimba womuntu, babe amaphetheni weJiyomethri. Kamuva baqala ukuvela imigqa olucashile futhi bayaxoxa, izithombe zabantu nezilwane. Khona-ke amaGreki eqala ukumela abantu ngesimo imifanekiso eyenziwe ngobumba, ithambo noma zethusi.

Zakudala Early wanika xoanon emhlabeni - ukubaza omkhulukazi, okuyizinto izinsika esasinegunya zifana kancane emzimbeni womuntu futhi zabonisa onkulunkulu.

AmaGreki Selokhu kwathi nhlo ngiyabathanda ukuthula nokulinganisela womuntu khulula, uthatha indima ebonakalayo emphakathini, ngakho onkulunkulu babo babe ukubukeka komuntu hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimfanelo esivela kubantu. Isiko yaseGrisi yasendulo wanika emhlabeni statue Aphrodite ka Milos, kusenzo ngendlela intombazane elula, ogama ubuhle nesithunzi owawusekelwe zemabula i master engaziwa.

Fizia wadala kwesithombe uPallas Athena ezenziwe ngetshe lendlovu, elalihlotshiswe ngegolide. Isijeziso Athena ku Parthenon imele. Futhi ngokuvamile, kankulunkulu wamaGreki isiko - kuba indoda ongafi, ngakho zonke izithombe onkulunkulu phansi emhlabeni umlingisi komuntu.

Eqoshiwe eziqoshiwe ezenziwe ngemabula bese ngesineke, lokhu kwenziwe ngo- Okugweda abadumile Fizy, Polycleitus, Miron nabanye. Babekholelwa ukuthi isithombe kumele agcinwe kule izwe lobuhle alotshiwe abandayo itshe isibindi nangobuciko.

Isiko yaseGrisi yasendulo wanika emhlabeni okuningi - "Ubaba" ngokufunda umlando uHerodotus waqala, Euclid - kwaphawula ukuqala geometry, Archimedes - Mechanics, u-Aristotle kwakhiwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela isimo. It wayedabuka Greece prototype yamabhayisikobho European. AmaGreki babekukhonzile kakhulu ukusebenza e-Athens futhi phezu emithambekeni ye-Acropolis engasenyakatho izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka, umbukwane, eyathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Isiko yaseGrisi yasendulo busekelwe othandweni nobuhle. Yabonisa yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite, uthando wahlabelela nxazonke umcibisholo Cupid ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe ubulili hhayi kuphela ukwehluka kodwa futhi ingabe bobulili obufanayo amaGreki, ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku lalibhekwa ngokuphelele evamile. Umshado AmaGreki asendulo beqonda luyingxenye esisebenzayo - emkhayeni, izingane, imfundo, kodwa uthando - kungenye into, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha amafomu ezingalindelekile kakhulu futhi yinqaba.

Isiko yaseGrisi yasendulo wanika emhlabeni Yama-Olympic, okuyinto, ngokusho legend, Hercules eyasungulwa sibaphakamisile behlonipha uZeyusi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yena, emidlalweni edlalwa emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Nangelangabi-Olympic iqala imashi yayo ukuze Olympia.