Isidingo emnothweni - Iyini? Resources kanye nezidingo zomnotho. Amafomu izidingo zomnotho

Umuntu uye njalo babona isidingo sokuba okuthile. Ngo bakudala umphakathi izidingo babe uhlamvu bakudala, kodwa ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwane nabantu, bayakwethemba ngokuya ziba yinkimbinkimbi futhi umahluko. Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda agxile eqinisweni lokuthi edingeka kangaka emnothweni. Lona yiwona mkhakha okuyinto ngesisekelo imithetho eziningi ezahlukene nemibono. Yini Ukwahlukaniswa izidingo zomnotho kanye nezinsiza ezikhona namuhla?

Isidingo - kuyinto ... (emnothweni)

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuqonda okushiwo lo mqondo. Ngakho, uyini umehluko phakathi kwezidingo zomuntu?

Umnotho njengoba kwaphakama isayensi ezimele ekhulwini le-18, ngemva kokushayisa emsebenzini u-Adam Smith sika ukwazi unelungelo "Umcebo of Nations." U-Adam Smith, eqinisweni, waba ngowokuqala ababezama cabangela izenzakalo kwezomnotho kanye izinqubo emhlabeni yesayensi. Kakade kule ncwadi, umlobi wathinta kwenye ucwaningo izifundo ezibaluleke kakhulu wezomnotho - izidingo eziyisisekelo.

Umnotho - lena isayensi, esiklanyelwe ukuphendula ngezinto eziningana ekhathazayo. Yiziphi izidingo eziyisisekelo indoda? kungakhathaliseki ukuthi engapheli? Bayakuzwa kanjani, lokho ababekufuna? Kodwa okokuqala kudingeka uthole impendulo umbuzo olula: "? Isidingo emnothweni - iyini le"

Leli gama kungenzeka aphathwe njengomuntu emincane futhi Ngomqondo obanzi.

Ngokuyisisekelo, isidingo umnotho - yisifiso yomuntu (noma iqembu labantu) ukuthola othize ezinhle, ukuba value othize kuso. Futhi izidingo kungaba siqu noma umphakathi. Kule minyaka nje ibheka isayensi ezifana nezezimali.

kuphakama izidingo Umphakathi ngokuhamba sokuthuthuka, noma ukuthuthukiswa zokwakheka ngabanye. Ubunjalo babo buvezwa kakhulu izimo ezithile ubudlelwane kwezomnotho.

Uma ahumushe eside ngomqondo iyincane, ke kungachazwa njengendlela isidingo - ke (emnothweni), isisusa kwangaphakathi ezizokhuthaza ukusebenza zokukhiqiza nomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi izidingo zomnotho kungaqondakala njengoba isigaba ekhethekile, okutshengisa ibanga lobudlelwane phakathi kwamalungu ngamanye emphakathini inqubo ukukhiqizwa futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezimpahla yomphakathi.

izidingo Ukwahlukanisa: Umnotho

Kwezomnotho, kukhona ngeengaba eziningana izidingo.

Ngokusho zibheke ukukhululwa:

• izidingo zangempela;
• funa kuphela;
• izidingo ngokuphelele.

Kuye ngendaba, izidingo kungaba:

• ngabanye (siqu);
• ngokuhlanganyela;
• umphakathi;
• izidingo amaqembu ngabanye (ibhizinisi);
• uhulumeni kufanele, njalo njalo. d.

Kuye into yilezi ezilandelayo izinhlobo izidingo zomnotho:

• Bokuphila (isidingo sokudla, amanzi) kanye nomphakathi (nesidingo semfundo, ukuxhumana njalo njalo. D.).
• Material nezingokomoya.
• Basic (primary) bese yesibili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke lezi izinhlobo izidingo emnothweni incike kakhulu izici zomlando, amasiko, njengomumo womhlaba, zenkolo kanye nezinye.

Umbhoshongo izidingo ngazinye Maslow

Isivivane izidingo - umsebenzi eyaziwayo sokusebenza kwengqondo American futhi isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Abrahama Maslow. Umqondo ukubeka zonke izidingo ongabantu mbhoshongo phezulu Maslow Kwafika olwamanqamu ngo-1943. Kakhulu umqondo enemininingwane echazwe encwadini yakhe "Motivation and Personality."

Umkhakha we Maslow ine uhlobo iphiramidi ehlanganisa amazinga ezinhlanu:

1. izidingo bokuphila (ezingeni leliphasi) - lokhu ukoma, indlala isifiso sobulili, isidingo ubuthongo.
2. Kudingeka endaweni khona ukhululekile futhi ephephile.
3. izidingo zomphakathi (imfundo, uthando nenhlonipho).
4. Isidingo ukuzethemba kanye ukuqashelwa.
5. izidingo ezingeni eliphakeme - self-ukuhlonza kanye self-actualization.

Ingqikithi mbhoshongo phezulu Maslow okulandelayo: kweneliseke izidingo isikhundla ephakeme kakhulu ngaphandle kwangaphambilini nezidingo we ezingeni leliphasi. Ngamagama alula, indoda elambile ngeke nesithakazelo ukuthola inhlonipho kwabanye.

umthetho Ukwanda izidingo zomnotho

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinsiza kanye nezidingo zomnotho ezihlobene eduze kakhulu. Nokho, umuntu futhi izidingo emphakathini uwonke engapheli, kuyilapho kwemali njalo kungagcini eziningi zazo. Kuyinto lokhu okubonakala futhi yakhelwe ukuxazulula isayensi kwezomnotho.

Ingqikithi yalo mthetho isidingo sokukhula iyona mqondo elandelayo: emva wanelise izidingo isikhundla aphansi kuba nesidingo esiphuthumayo olandelayo, ezingeni eliphakeme.

Ngamagama global, ukusebenza lo mthetho kunqunywa jikelele inqubekela-phambili yesayensi lwezobuchwepheshe, ngcono nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana, ukuthuthukiswa isiko kanye nezinye, izici akukho ezingabalulekile kangako.

izinzuzo Economic - kungcono ...

Iyini inzuzo? Ngomqondo obanzi, yilokhu onganelisa kufezwe izidingo zabantu noma zenhlalo. Umcebo kungadalwa njengendlela yemvelo (zemvelo) indlela, kanye eyenziwe (ie, ukungenela womuntu ngqo).

Izinzuzo zemvelo zihlanganisa amanzi, umoya, amandla elanga. Izinzuzo eziye adalwe indoda okusekelwe izithako zemvelo, nje ngokuthi kwezomnotho.

Isici esiyinhloko iyiphi inzuzo kufanele kube izinga ezifana iwusizo. Ngo ubudlelwane imali lanamuhla yikuphi okuhle, njengoba umthetho, iba lezimpahla.

Ukwahlukanisa ukuhlomula kwezomnotho

A ezihlukahlukene izidingo zenhlalo uphika isintu ukukhiqiza anhlobonhlobo izinzuzo zomnotho. Kwezomnotho, bona ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka nezimfuno eziningi.

Izinzuzo elandelayo ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka nenqubo obusebenzayo:

• ezidayiswayo (izingubo, ukudla);
• kusho yokukhiqiza eminye (imishini, hardware ezahlukene).

On the umbandela kuqala yilezi:

• izidingo eziyisisekelo ezinhle;
• izinzuzo yesibili (sokunethezeka noma ubuciko lezinto).

umbandela lesikhashana ukuhlukanisa okuhle;

• alahlwayo;
• ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzuzo zomnotho kungaba siqu, elakhiwa abantu abaningi, umphakathi, noma uhulumeni. Kwezomnotho futhi ukukhiqiza izinzuzo nezilandiso kanye aphelele. Isibonelo iqembu lokuqala kungase kudingeke izimoto ezimbili lemikhiqizo ezahlukene (isib, "Peugeot" futhi "Reno"). izinzuzo ongumphelelisi - lawa izinzuzo ukuthi abakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo wedwa. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube imoto nophethiloli a nalokho.

izinsiza zezomnotho

izinsiza Economic - zonke izinsiza ukuthi zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izimpahla noma amasevisi. Empeleni, kuba izimpahla esifanayo, asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza nezinye izinzuzo zomnotho. Esikhathini izincwadi kwezomnotho lungatholwa into efana isici elikhiqizayo.

I ongqondongqondo eGrisi lasendulo kubhekwa umthombo oyinhloko kwezomnotho bokusebenza komuntu. Kodwa Physiocrats ngokuthi izwe ukhiye elikhiqizayo isisetshenziswa umnotho.

IsiZulu 19 Economist ekhulwini Alfred Marshall bathola uhlobo olusha kwemali - ithalente ebhizinisi. Ngekhulu xxi, njengoba endaweni yokuqala kukhona yithuluzi kwezomnotho, ulwazi (ulwazi).

Properties of bonke abantu ngothi lwabo kwemali kuyinto interweaving yabo, ukusebenzelana obukhulu.

Kuhlukaniswa kwemitfombolusito kwezomnotho

Kuze kube manje, osomnotho kukhona izinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyisisekelo kwemali. Ziyakwazi:

1. Umhlaba (noma sonke loyimvelo engaba).
2. Labour (angisebenzi).
3. Capital (imithombo yezimali).
4. amakhono ebhizinisi ezibonakalayo neziphiwo zami.
5. Ulwazi (ulwazi).

Ekuphetheni ...

Ngakho, isidingo emnothweni - ke kuyisigaba esibalulekile ibonisa ukuthi isimo sengqondo somuntu ukuze izimo zomnotho zokuphila kwakhe futhi kubonakala ngesimo isifiso okuqhubekayo ukuthi zilawule izimpahla ezithile noma imithombo.

Ngo ezomnotho yesimanje, kukhona ngeengaba eziningana izidingo kanye nezinzuzo. Resources kanye nezidingo zomnotho kungaba kokubili womuntu siqu noma waseningini. Nokho, umthetho main okuletha isayensi wezomnotho kithi itholakala lokuthi ukuthi izidingo zabantu angenamkhawulo. Futhi ukwanelisa omunye wabo, umuntu ngokushesha uyaqonda ukuthi kuba izidingo eziphuthumayo yabanye, ephakeme ezingeni phezulu.