Isazi sefilosofi Chinese Mencius. Kufundziswa izingcaphuno Mencius

Isazi sefilosofi wazalelwa endaweni zombuso Lu ngekhulu lesihlanu BC. Ekuzalweni kwakhe, wayegunde igama Moe Dee. Ukutadisha amagama zefilosofi, sithola ulwazi ngalolu futhi indoda ehloniphekile. Wayengumuntu umsunguli imfundiso zefilosofi eyasungulwa esikoleni sakhe. Ukulalela iseluleko sakhe nabakhulu bayo, nabantu abavamile.

Foundation sazi ukuhlakanipha

Mencius wafunda amaqiniso okuyinto kukhicite uConfucius, ngqo kubalandeli bakhe, nakuba wayengasekho Confucian. Akazange athathe okholweni uthisha zifa setha weqiniso, futhi ihlaziye, futhi uma kudingeka, inselelo. Abangane ukuqeqeshwa labetibambile ukubukwa olandelanayo ezingaphezu kuka Mencius. nefilosofi lakhe liye ukalwe njengenhlangano abangenalwazi ngesihluku. Sekube nezigameko eziningi Ukungqubuzana imisinga yokucabanga zefilosofi enobudlova.

Ingqikithi yalo izimfundiso

Mencius mfundiso paradigms zako ezisemqoka kwenza imigomo elandelayo.

Abantu kufanele aphile ngokuthula give up yemibango yangaphakathi. Ngakho, umbusi Kumelwe uthande nosaziwayo futhi izikhulu zikahulumeni - kwekhanda labo, izingane kufanele zihloniphe abazali bazo, noHezekeli.

Ngemibono yefilosofi nomfundisi bagomela ngokuthi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokweqile amandla kubangelwa ukuntula uthando, okuyinto isidingo ningi sublime. Uma kungenjalo, umuntu uzama ukugcwalisa Igebe umphefumulo nganoma iyiphi indlela okungenzeka ngayo. Lonke Umphakathi kumele basebenze ukuze kuzuze omunye komunye, bese zonke kuyoba okwanele ucezu enkulu injabulo.

Ukwethembeka, ukukhuthala, ubumsulwa imicabango

izingcaphuno eziningi zefilosofi, kuhlanganise le ovelele, ukufunda njengoba indlela esebenzayo ekuphileni. Wafundisa hhayi kuphela ukucabanga kodwa futhi ukusebenza, ngoba imibono kwesokudla kufanele ukhuthaze umuntu ukuba umsebenzi ozuzisayo.

School Mencius ephakanyiswe yamasotja anesibindi, estestvoznateley. Lapha eba ukucabanga okunengqondo. Uma uthola Ukuqonda umbhalo Mencius, kuhlanganise izingcaphuno abonisa ukuthi umhlaba lusekelwe uhlelo olulodwa, okuyinto kunqunywa oda izinto, ukunyakaza ngamunye inkanyezi esesibhakabhakeni, zonyaka, nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phezu oda wabizela nguhulumeni Icebo lika.

Works of Mencius walethwa nencazelo entsha yegama ngokwezifiso yokubusa. Esikhathini esidlule, izikhulu kakhulu ngesikhundla lokho isazi sefilosofi wazama ukulwa. Mencius wathi, ukuthi kubaluleke kabi, hhayi isihloko, nezenzo nenhlonipho kufanele kusetshenzelwe, abayi ngofuzo.

Abantu ngaleso sikhathi bakholwa amabutho ukukhanya nobumnyama elawula ukuphila kwabantu. Sage esetshenziswa zokungazi abantu ukuze okuhle - njengoba Regulator zokuziphatha wokuvimba ezinhliziyweni zabantu kusukela amaza aphansi. ayekucabanga namasu ulungisiswa ngokugcwele, ngoba abantu sikuthathe kalula aba nemicabango enjalo. Ezinye izinkolelo-ze ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla. Ngokusebenzisa ukudalwa izithombe izingqondo zabantu ukujezisa amabutho sefilosofi ngatshala kubo ukuzithiba.

Image i wokubusa enhle

Umuntu elibusayo isimo, kufanele njalo ngcono ukuze uhambise isibonelo esihle kubalandeli bakhe. Abantu kudingeka umholi oqinile oqonda abantu bakhe. Ngemva kwakhe izolandela, ukuze umethembe. Ngakho kuyoba isifiso sokuba sibe nobunye.

Umholi ohlakaniphileyo lizokhetha ngokwabo abeluleki smart. Umphakathi kufanele baphenduke umbhoshongo, izindonga zazo, njenge imisebe ilanga seliyozilahla ukuhlakanipha nezifiso ningi sublime komphefumulo womuntu. Ngakho, iqembu elibusayo, futhi, wakhethwa kanjani amakhono nokuhlangenwe sokunconywa kunokuba imvelaphi. Isikhulu kwakumelwe azibonakalise ukuthi ufanelwe ukuba ahole abanye. Hlela - kuphinde kusho ukulalela, sibe nozwela. Nqoba phezulu kufanele abe nokuxoxisana nomphakathi, ukuze nezidingo zawo wonke umuntu zanakekelwa.

Izindleko nokusebenzisa imali kumele ngokuqinile nyama. Empeleni, umuntu engenakuphoqwa kangaka kudingeka sijabule. Umhawu ukweqisa kuholele ekungalinganini emphakathini linemibhikisho. Kudingeka sihlakulele ukukhiqizwa futhi ukugxilisa uthando umsebenzi ngamunye. Kodwa lo muzwa kuphela uma umsebenzi kuyoba nobulungisa futhi ikhokhwe. Man ingumuntu ufuna ukusebenza, kodwa isithunzi. Uma lokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayinayo ukuba egcizelele inceku ngesiswebhu.

Futhi ngezwi nangesenzo

Ngasekuqaleni izingcaphuno zefilosofi kwadingeka uxhumano ngqo izenzo ongqondongqondo, kodwa sasingababonayo amandla besifanele. Ikakhulukazi, le ndoda yatshelwa ukuthi uzama uhlelo yisinanakazana futhi ebhubhisayo isikhathi. Washumayela umusa, isihawu, sisangulukile futhi ukwamukela imiphumela yezenzo zabo. Kufanele uqale naye. Uma wonke umuntu balandela leli qiniso elilula, bese umhlaba wonke uyoshintshwa.

isithombe ekhazinyulisiwe indoda enhle, abantu walahla izinto ezincane. Wonke umuntu kumele abalwela ukwenza kahle, ukuthuthukisa ngabo nezwe nge usuku ngalunye.

izingcaphuno

Sage wajoyina amagama ezidumile zefilosofi waso sonke isikhathi, onokuhlakanipha esefikile kithi ngokusebenzisa ekhulwini, sibonga okulandelayo kuye ngokwakhe:

• "Izenzo zabantu ehloniphekile abaye babonisa abantu, hhayi amanzi."
• "Manje emikhakheni eliphakeme labantu ehloniphekile banakekele imininingwane, hhayi inqwaba."
• "Abantu Decent, ukubonisa uthando kuzo umfowabo ezincane, uthola uthando ukubuya; umuntu ehloniphekile ecabanga ukuchuma umzalwane ezincane, ukuthola inhlalakahle kumuntu ezincane. "
• "Lowo ngeke banqobe noma iziphi izinkinga nobunzima, kungaba zikufice yini ufuna."
• "Lowo akanakholo ungakwazi yini kube ukuhlakanipha."
• "Lapho ukhuluma, khuluma siyifanekisela nangokunembile, ngekutsi sitsatse sinyatselo, ukwenza isinqumo esiwujuqu."
• "Ukukhuluma ubuhle, kodwa akudingeki ukuba icala omuhle."
• "Ngeke ukwakha futhi ungacabangi ukuthi uzokwenza omunye, isinyathelo ngokwayo."
• "Ishayela zokujabula, omunye ucingo ayikwazi alizange."
• "Thina -. Abadali inhlalakahle yabo futhi bazuze"
• "Ubani cabanga ujule, ukukhuluma ngendlela elula ukuba sikhulume iqiniso, has ithuba lokuba indoda ephelele."
• "Kuleso simo, lapho umbusi iba umyeni bemvelo ophelele, inhlalakahle yabantu ukhula, ngoba uphatha isabelomali ngokuhlakanipha futhi okunengqondo. Kwamjabulisa abantu kanye nombusi ngokwakhe. "

Inkulumo-ze umusa futhi esintwini

Mencius ukuthi umuntu kumelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuze kuzuzwe ekahle, ukumelela izimiso zokuziphatha. Isimo akufanele chitha bo mali ku ezimpini ezichitha igazi, aphanga futhi ubudlova. Lapho ukuphathwa abahlakaniphile zonke izinsiza kuyoba okwanele futhi wonke umuntu kuyodingeka zonke ngobuningi, ngaphandle isono ukuze athole inzuzo.

Ukungahloniphani, nokuzidla, ukudideka, ukungabi kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha zisenza sibe nezinxushunxushu. Ifa kumelwe bahloniphe abazali babo bathi, kudingeka bafundise abantu abathembekile futhi wemfanelo, wanika imicabango egqamile futhi ukahle kakhulu.

Indoda kumele sithande abanye hhayi kuwe kuphela kodwa futhi. Empeleni, bonke abantu - kungcono umthelela imvelo yabo. Okungukuthi, uthando kwabanye, futhi siyakuhlonipha thina.

ukusatshalaliswa amagugu

Isazi sefilosofi igxile yokuthi kukhona okuthile okubalulekile kakhulu futhi esiyigugu ukwedlula bazizuzise bona. Uma unganakile kuphela kubonakala sengathi udinga ukuthatha ithuba imali, ngisho noma ingcolile, uma kuphela ngoba lokho waphenduka up ithuba. Kodwa ngale ndlela umphefumulo embozwe touch of nokugqwala, okuyothi ekugcineni futhi akubonakali.

Man iphenduka ibe isilwane sasendle. Nakuba, ebuka ngayo izenzo zabanye abantu, izilwane kuyoba ukuchwensa ukuthuka ukuqhathanisa efanayo. Ngenxa yokuthi isilwane akadli okungaphezu kwalokho abakudingayo. Ngeke ugcine imali zigciniwe. Ngeke wenze uyenqaba futhi ukuhleka injabulo. Lezi amathalenta elula endowed kuphela master zomhlaba, indoda. Uma abantu bethandana, konke kuyoba eziqhakaza ukukhanya kakhulu kanye nemibala egqamile. Umhlaba uzoba elimnandi nazo zonke umuzwa wakhe ugcwalise enchanting iphunga okuqinisileyo okukhanyisa wonke umuntu. Ngamunye bayoba nendawo akekho ziyolahlekelwa.

Le ndoda - ukuba abe yisidalwa sobudlelwane. Anakho esiphuthumayo exchange of uthando nokukhanya nge zazo siqu. Ngakho kungani ukuhweba kuyisimangaliso ku okusheshe kuphele ezibonakalayo, lokhu ukhula ngokushesha vyanuschy, abashwabadela izimpande zobuhle imibala. Lokhu ukutheleleka ligcwele futhi bafe ngokushesha kangaka, ukuthi akudingeki isikhathi blink, futhi umusa esintwini - okuphakade. Into esemqoka - ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinhle.