Invective - le nkulumo yokuhlekisa, iqondiswe kumuntu othize

Invective - kungukuthi, ngamanamuhla, black PR. Futhi leli gama lavela ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi inkulumo yesimanje ihlanganisa isinyathelo esenzelwe ukukhubaza isimo somuntu othize.

Ama-synonyms

Inkulumo yasendulo yamaRoma ye-invectiva oratio futhi ihunyushwe kusuka eLatinini ngokuthi "inkulumo ehlambalaza." Abantu baphikisana kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhulumisana ngamazwi. Ngakho-ke, leli gama linemibono eminingi. Invective - ipheshana, i-lampoon, i-philippic, i-diatribe ne-menippe. Lezi zivumelwano zivela ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuphula umsebenzi womuntu, ngisho nokuphila, ngokumsobala embiza ngokuthi i-scoundrel. Eminyakeni edlule, abantu abafanelwe izinkulumo ezinomsindo, njengoba bekusho, isikhumba saba sikhulu. Ukuze aphule kulo, izinkulumo zabamangaleli zaba zithandekayo futhi zikhululekile. Futhi esikhathini sethu, abanye abantu bathi i-invective - yindawo, ulimi oluhlambalazayo noma ngisho nokungcola. Ngelinye igama, isilulumagama esivumayo, noma izinsolo ezichazwe esidlangalaleni. Yimaphi amagama ongawabiza ngokuthi lesi senzo? Suit and attack, nokuhlaselwa, kanye "nokuhlaselwa". Kukhona igama elihle lempi yesikwele - ukuhlaselwa amazwi (amazwi). Okusho ukuthi kunezinto eziningi ezifanayo.

Umsebenzi unemvelo futhi uyadingeka, njengolimi uqobo

Kwezinye izihloko, kuboniswa ukuthi umsebenzi wokuvotela olimini ungokwemvelo, nokuthi umuntu onenkulumo unelungelo elifanayo lokuxhumana, ukuthola nokudlulisa ulwazi. Okusho ukuthi, umuntu uye wazi kahle ikhono lokukhuluma, ukuxhumana, ukufunda nokufundisa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wafunda ukudumisa nokuthuka umuntu. Kodwa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi encwadini yezincwadi ekuqaleni ekuqaleni kwakusho ukuthi invective - akusona impi yendawo, kodwa uhlobo lwamapheshana. Kumele kube okungenani abahlakaniphile. Ukuthungatha, okubangela ukuhleka, yisikhali esibi, siphumelele kakhulu kunokuthukwa komphakathi. Ipheshana liyihlobo lokubhala, kanti invective njengoba ezihlukahlukene zayo nakho. Umehluko phakathi kwabo wukuthi umsebenzi wezobuciko kanye nosuku olubizwa ngokuthi i-pamphlet nguyomvelo wezepolitiki, ngoba cishe njalo uqondiswa ohlelweni noma ezinye izinhlangothi zawo, futhi ukuvezwa, njengombuso, kuyisimo se-oda yangasese. Luhlobo luni lohlobo olwakhe, yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo ezikhona ezincwadini?

Izinhlobo ezifanayo zezincwadi

Kusukela ezincwadini zezikole kuyaziwa ukuthi kukhona ukuhlukana okusemthethweni kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi yokubhala, futhi kuthiwa yi-genus. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-epic, i-lyric nedrama - ihlukaniswe ngohlobo. Kukhona izinhlobo ze- lyric-epic, njenge, isibonelo, inoveli evesini. I-invective, njenge-epigram, ibhekisela kumazwi. Ibuye ihlanganise i-ode ne-madrigal. Okuwukuthi, ukudumisa nokuhlambalaza, lezi zihlukile ezinhlobonhlobo zeziqondiso ze-semantic, zibhekisela kunhlobo olulodwa lwezincwadi. Futhi, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, i-invective ayiyona yedwa kuyo. Amakghono, isibonelo, anamavesi ahlambalaza, abizwe ngokuthi i-nida. UFilippika, no-diatribe othukuthele owathola igama lakhe kusuka kuDemosthenes, owathukuthelisa inkosi yaseMakedoniya uFilipi II ngokufutheka. Igama laba igama lomkhaya. I-Diatribe iyinkulumo ephikisayo, ehlanganisa ukungathí sina nokuhleka usulu. Ukuxolisa kwe-Menippean, okuyinto uhlobo lwe-diatribe, uhlobo lwama-assortment, oluhlanganisa ukucabanga kwefilosofi kanye ne-parody. I-Lampoon (into esondelene kakhulu no-Black PR) ngokuvamile into engeyona into engapheliyo, hhayi ukungaziphathi kabi ngokuphazamiseka komzimba, ukuphazamiseka, ukunyundela nokuhlaselwa okunonya. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo zezincwadi, ngaphandle kokuvekisa, eduze kwayo emoyeni nangendlela. Kodwa lezi zinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo zazo zisekelwe esikhathini esidala. Hhayi manje kukhona okulungile kakhulu, kodwa izitatimende ezicacile kakhulu zeVV Zhirinovsky ngama-philippics ne-diatribes. Lezi zinhlobo zikhohliwe, njenge-invective, izibonelo zazo, noma kunjalo, ezingacaciswa kalula.

Izibonelo ezivelele

Okujwayelekile kunazo zonke izakhamizi zamazwe e-CIS yinkondlo ye-géenium M. Lermontov "Kushone umlobi". Kulo, uMikhail Yurievich, ebhekisela emphakathini ophakeme, lapho wonke umuntu azi khona futhi ngokucacile wayemelela ukuthi ukhuluma ngani, abizwa ngokuthi ababulali baka-A.S. Pushkin bahleka usulu abangenalwazi, izifihlakele zokuzikhohliswa, inzalo yesaba "inhlobonhlobo ethile yobaba ovelele." Umsebenzi omuhle ugcwele invective. U-K. Simonov unombongo-onvective, obhekiswe kumfazi wephoyisa oshonile ngosuku olulandelayo. Ugcwele okulungile, kufanelekile lo wesifazane ukuthuka. Esikoleni kwakukhona inkondlo ethi "Kumlingisi" uKF Ryleev, oyedwa walaba abahlanu abaxotshiwe ama-Decembrists, waphendukela ku-Arakcheev onamandla onke ngaleso sikhathi. Izincwadi zinezici eziningi ezinzima ezibhekiswe kubantu abathile.

Igama elithakazelisayo

Kungenziwa wanezela ukuthi igama elisho ukukhwabanisa lisho kakhulu. Mhlawumbe yingakho ithimba lomculo laseMoscow lizibiza ngaleyo ndlela. "Invective" yiqembu elakhiwe ngo-2006. I-albhamu "Zodiac" ivele kusizinda somphakathi ngo-2008. Manje abaholi bendawo engakahleleki futhi bathola ukuthandwa. Impumelelo ihlanganisa umsindo wefilimu "Nirvana", ngenxa yokuthi i-Invektiva yafika ku-Ramp Festival ngo-2008. Leli qembu linabantu abangu-5. Benza umsebenzi wabo ube yedwa, kodwa bacabanga ukuthi kuyisiphukuphuku ukuzikhandla ngokwabo.